Week #2 Q.4 (3/31) Homework:None

Activities/Assignments:• Notebook

Organization• Acrostic Poem

Today in I.S.…

I.S. Learning Goal:I can analyze the factors used to explain the origin and evolution of the universe.

Warm Up: Briefly describe life cycle of a star.

Fact:The Moon is moving away from the Earth 3.8cm every year.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Life cycle of star

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Table of Contents for Quarter 4 ISPage

NumberAssignment

1 Table of Contents

2 Review of Space: How Big? How Far? How Old?

3 Exploring Space Video handout4 Notes Life Cycle of Stars and Acrostic Poem5 Doppler Effect Notes6 Electromagnetic Spectrum ½ sheet7 Wavestown Handout

3

4

Use the words

LIFE

OF

STARS

Create a word or sentence explaining the words life of stars.

*Must summarize the notes

*Include a picture with color

*Include 3-5 sentences explaining the Acrostic Poem

Acrostic Poem or Name Poem

Spelling out "fear"...FrighteningEerie and strangeAnxiety risesReady to flee

Week #2 Q.4 (4/1) Homework:None

Activities/Assignments:• Notebook

Organization• Notes on Doppler

Effect • Wavestown Activity

Today in I.S.…

I.S. Learning Goal:I can analyze the factors used to explain the origin and evolution of the universe.

Warm Up: A black dwarf is a hypothetical end point of evolution for a degenerate star, either a white dwarf or a neutron star. What are your thoughts on this hypothesis?

Fact:Astronauts cannot burp in space because there is no gravity in space to separate liquid from gas in their stomachs .

6

7

When we look at the Universe in a different "light", i.e. at "non-visible" wavelengths, we probe different kinds of physical conditions -- and we can see new kinds of objects! For example, high-energy gamma-ray and X-ray telescopes tend to see the most energetic dynamos in the cosmos, such as active galaxies, the remnants from massive dying stars, accretion of matter around black holes, and so forth. Visible light telescopes best probe light produced by stars. Longer-wavelength telescopes best probe dark, cool, obscured structures in the Universe: dusty star-forming regions, dark cold molecular clouds, the primordial radiation emitted by the formation of the Universe shortly after the Big Bang. Only through studying astronomical objects at many different wavelengths are astronomers able to piece together a coherent, comprehensive picture of how the Universe works!

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Doppler effect was originally studied in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Today, the Doppler shift, as it is also known, applies to electromagnetic waves in all portions of the spectrum. Also, because of the inverse relationship between frequency and wavelength, we can describe the Doppler shift in terms of wavelength. Radiation is red shifted when its wavelength increases, and is blue shifted when its wavelength decreases. Astronomers use Doppler shifts to calculate precisely how fast stars and other astronomical objects move toward or away from Earth. For example the spectral lines emitted by hydrogen gas in distant galaxies is often observed to be considerably red shifted. The spectral line emission, normally found at a wavelength of 21 centimeters on Earth, might be observed at 21.1 centimeters instead. This 0.1 centimeter red shift would indicate that the gas is moving away from Earth at over 1,400 kilometers per second (over 880 miles per second).

The Doppler effect

Originally discovered by the Austrian mathematician and physicist, Christian Doppler (1803-53), this change in pitch results from a shift in the frequency of the sound waves.

Page 5

Doppler effect- The apparent change in wavelength of radiation caused by the relative motions of the source and observer

Used to determine•Direction of motion•Increasing distance – wavelength is longer ("stretches")•Decreasing distance – makes wavelength shorter ("compresses")•Velocity – larger Doppler shifts indicate higher velocities

The study of light Page 5

The electromagnetic radiation emitted by a moving object also exhibits the Doppler effect.

The Doppler effect

Blueshift: This spectrum shows hydrogen shifted to the blue end of the spectrum. This star is moving toward Earth.

Redshift: This spectrum shows hydrogen shifted to the red end of the spectrum. This star is moving away from Earth.

http://www.physorg.com/news200044818.html

Page 5

The radiation emitted by an object moving toward an observer is squeezed; its frequency appears to increase and is therefore said to be blueshifted. In contrast, the radiation emitted by an object moving away is stretched or redshifted. Blueshifts and redshifts exhibited by stars, galaxies and gas clouds also indicate their motions with respect to the observer.

The Doppler effect

http://www.molebash.com/doppler/home.htm

Week #2 Q.4 (4/2&3) Homework:None

Activities/Assignments:• Notes on Doppler

Effect • Wavestown Activity• Astronomy video

Today in I.S.…

I.S. Learning Goal:I can analyze the factors used to explain the origin and evolution of the universe.

Warm Up: What is the difference between red and blue shift in the Doppler effect.

Fact: Saturn's rings are arguably the flattest structure known to man, being some 300,000 km end-to-end but with a vertical thickness of about 10 meters.

Table of Contents for Quarter 4 ISPage

NumberAssignment

1 Table of Contents

2 Review of Space: How Big? How Far? How Old?

3 Exploring Space Video handout4 Notes Life Cycle of Stars and Acrostic Poem5 Doppler Effect Notes6 Electromagnetic Spectrum ½ sheet7 Wavestown Handout

14

Electromagnetic Spectrum HandoutPage 6

Wavelengths

Wavelengths can tell us A LOT about ENERGY (traveling through the universe from a star)– How powerful light is– How fast it is moving– Where it is moving from & to– What kind of light it is

Doppler Effects: http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/doppler/doppler.html

Sonic Boom

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWGLAAYdbbc

http://www.physorg.com/news200044818.html

The Electromagnetic Spectrum• WAVELENGTH: Distance from the top of one wave to the top

of the next waveo Each form of radiation has a different wavelengtho What does a radiation’s wavelength tell us?

o How powerful (how much energy) the radiation iso What kind of radiation it is

The Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible light:

Red light = looooooooooooooongest, Violet light = shortest

On the entire EM Spectrum, Radio waves: longest wavelength

~500 m (5 × 102 m) Visible light: middle

~.0000005 m (5 × 10-7 m)

Gamma rays: shortest wavelength ~.000000000005 m

(5 × 10-12 m)

Brainpop: Color and EM Spectrum

Wavestown Worksheet• What form of radiation is labeled on line #3?• Is Infrared radiation more or less powerful than visible

light?• How do you know this?• What’s so special about visible light?• Let’s discuss 1 example from the picture of

Wavestown of the different types of radiation…• On the back, what is the relationship

between wavelength & the energy of a form of radiation?

Pg. 7: Secrets Held in Starlight

Brainpop Video + HandoutInto the universe with Stephen Hawking Story of Everythinghttp://vimeo.com/17777145

Week #2 Q.4 (4/4) Homework:None

Activities/Assignments:• Complete Astronomy

video

Today in I.S.…

I.S. Learning Goal:I can analyze the factors used to explain the origin and evolution of the universe.

Warm Up: + Reflection(turn in)Give an example of the sourse of Radio, visual and ultra violet waves on EM spectrum.

Fact: The Sun burns 600 million tons of Hydrogen every second.The Cosmic Microwave Background that we detect today started traveling towards us over 13 billion years ago