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Data Management

Week #1

Lecturer

• Name : Puspita Kencana Sari S.Kom, MTI

• Email : pkencana2011@gmail.com

• Phone : 081510365085

• Pendidikan :

– S1: Fak. Ilmu Komputer, UI

– S2: Magister Teknologi Informasi, UI

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Aturan Kelas

• Aturan Pakaian:

– Menggunakan kemeja/kaos berkerah

– Menggunakan sepatu

• HP dimatikan/silent-mode DAN

disimpan di dalam TAS. Tidak boleh

menerima telpon atau SMS selama

perkuliahan.

• Maksimal Ketidakhadiran 3x (dengan

alasan APAPUN)

Aturan Kelas

• Waktu kuliah dibagi dalam 2 Sesi:

– Sesi I: 8.45 – 10.15

– Sesi II: 10.30 – 12.00

• Absen akan dilakukan 2X disetiap awal

sesi.

• Keterlambatan (disetiap sesi) TIDAK

DIIZINKAN MASUK kelas dan

dikenakan tugas:

– Membuat RESUME materi kuliah hari tsb

dan dipresentasikan di awal kuliah hari

berikutnya.

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Tujuan Pembelajaran

ORGANIZATION / PEOPLE

APPLICATION SYSTEM

DATABASE SYSTEM

SOFTWARE SYSTEM

INFRASTRUCTURE / HARDWARE

SERVER NETWORK WORKSTATION PERIPHERAL

ORGANIZATION

SUPPLIER

CUSTOMER

PARTNER /

ALLIANCE

DATA

Operational Process

Decision Making

Process

Applicati

-on

System

Applicati

-on

System

Applicati

-on

System

D

A

T

A

B

A

S

E

S

Y

S

T

E

M

Applicati

-on

System

Applicati

-on

System

DATA

INFORM

ATION

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Silabus

Pertemuan

Ke-

Pokok Bahasan

1 Introduction to Information Technology

2 Software, Hardware, Telecommunication and

Internet

3 Introduction to Database Content

4 Data Resource Management

5 Information Resource Management

6 Information Resource Management (Cont.)

7 Business Process Management and Enterprise

Systems

8 UTS

Silabus

Pertemuan

Ke-

Pokok Bahasan

9 Introduction to Database System

10 Data Modelling with ER Model

11 Relational Model

12 Structured Query Language (SQL)

13 Functional Dependencies & Normalization

14 Backup and Recovery

15 Database Applications

16 UAS

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Referensi

BUKU / BACAAN WAJIB (BW)

• Paul Bocij, Dave Chaffey, Andrew Greasley; Business

Information Systems; Prentice Hall 2003 (BCGH)

BUKU /BACAAN ANJURAN (BA)

• James O’ Brien, George M. Marakas; Management of

Information Systems; McFraw-HiDate 2008 (OM)

• Raymond McLeod, Jr, George P. Schell; Management of

Information Systems; Pearson 2007 (MS)

• Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon Essentials of

Management Information Systems, Prentice Hall 2005 (LL)

• Elmasri, Ramuz, and Shamkant B. Navathe, Fundamentals of

Database Systems, Addison Wesley 2007 (EN)

• Ronald Thompson & William Cats-Baril, Information Technology

and Management, McGraw-Hill

• Fathansyah, Basis Data

Sistem Penilaian

• UTS : 30%

• UAS : 30%

• Tugas : 40%

– QUIZ

– Tugas Mandiri

– Tugas Kelompok

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INTRODUCTION TO

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Learning objectives

• After this lecture, you should be able to:

– distinguish between data and information;

– describe and evaluate information quality in terms of its characteristics;

– classify decisions by type and organisational level;

– identify the information needed to support decisions made at different organisational levels.

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What is Information Technology?

Information Technology

Information Technology

The stress should be on the ‘I’ rather than the ‘T’ in ‘IT’ (Davenport, 2000).

Peter Drucker stressed the importance of information to organisational competitiveness in

1993 when he wrote:

‘The industries that have moved into the center of the economy in the last

forty years, have as their business, the production and distribution of

knowledge and information rather than the production and distribution of

things’.

What is IT Infrastructure?

• Infrastructure is the physical hardware used

to interconnect computers and users.

– Infrastructure includes the transmission media,

including telephone lines, cable television lines,

and satellites and antennas, and also the routers,

aggregators, repeaters, and other devices that

control transmission paths.

– Infrastructure also includes the software used to

send, receive, and manage the signals that are

transmitted.

• However, to some information technology

users, infrastructure is viewed as everything

that supports the flow and processing of

information

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What is data?

• Data are raw facts or observations that are considered to have little or no value until they have been processed and transformed into information.

• Example definitions:

(a) a series of non-random symbols, numbers, values or words;

(b) a series of facts obtained by observation or research and recorded;

(c) a collection of non-random facts;

(d) the record of an event or fact.

What is information?

• Information: Data that have been processed so

that they are meaningful.

• Example definitions:

(a) data that have been processed so that they are

meaningful;

(b) data that have been processed for a purpose;

(c) data that have been interpreted and understood

by the recipient.

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Information – summary

• Information:– involves transforming data using a defined process;

– involves placing data in some form of meaningful context;

– is produced in response to an information need and therefore serves a specific purpose;

– helps reduce uncertainty, thereby improving decision behaviour.

Figure 1.1 Transforming data into information using a data process

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Types of Information Processing

Classification

• placing data into categories

Rearranging/sorting

• items are grouped together or placed into a particular order

Aggregating

• summarising data; average, total or subtotal

Performing calculations

• calculating some group of data

Selection

• choosing or discarding items of data on the basis of a set of selection criteria

Information value

• Tangible value:

Value of information – Cost of gathering information

• Intangible value:

Improvements in decision behaviour – Cost of

gathering information

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Source of Information

• Formal communication: Formal communication

involves presenting information in a structured

and consistent manner.

• Informal communication: This describes less

well-structured information that is transmitted by

informal means, such as casual conversations

between members of staff.

Information quality dimensions

Time Content Form Additional characteristics

Timeliness Accuracy Clarity Confidence in source

Currency Relevance Detail Reliability

Frequency Completeness Order Appropriate

Time period Conciseness Presentation Received by correct person

Scope Media Sent by correct channels

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Figure 1.2 The business environment of an organisation and the main factors that

influence it

Business Environment

The relation between e-business and IT

• E-business concerned with making day-to-

day business activities more efficient by

improving information exchange within

organisation and between the organisation

and its partners

• “The term ‘e-business’ covers both e-commerce

(buying and selling online) and the restructuring of

business process to make the best use of digital

technologies” –The European Commission

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How does information

support managers?

• Henri Fayol (1841–1925) devised a classic

definition of management that is still widely used

in both industry and academia.

• ‘To manage is to forecast and plan, to organise,

to command, to coordinate and to control’

Different decision types

• Decision behaviour: Describes how people make decisions and the factors that influence them.

– Structured decisions: Situations where the rules and constraints governing the decision are known.

– Unstructured decisions: Complex situations, where the rules governing the decision are complicated or unknown.

• Cognitive style: This describes the way in which a manager absorbs information and reaches decisions. A manager's cognitive style will fall between analytical and intuitive styles.

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Is your data hard or soft?

• Hard data, also known as quantitative data, tend to make use of figures, such as statistics. Hard data are often collected in order to measure or quantify an object or situation.

• Soft data, often known as qualitative data, tend to focus on describing the qualities or characteristics of an object or situation. Interviews, for example, are often used to collect qualitative data related to a person’s opinions or beliefs.

Figure 1.3 Levels of managerial decision taking

Management Level

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Decisions and management level

Decision

Management Type of decision Time scale Impact on Frequency of

level organisation decisions

Strategic Unstructured Long Large Infrequent

Tactical ↔ Medium Medium ↔

Operational Structured Short Small Frequent

Information characteristics by

management level

Information

Management Time period Frequency Source Certainty Scope Detail

level

Strategic Wide Infrequent External Less certain Wide Summarised

Tactical ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔

Operational Narrow Frequent Internal More certain Narrow Detailed

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Stage Activities

Intelligence � Awareness that a problem exists

� Awareness that a decision must be made

Design � Identify all possible solutions

� Examine possible solutions

� Examine implications of all possible solutions

Choice � Select best solution

Implementation � Implement solution

Evaluation � Evaluate effectiveness or success of decision

A model of decision making

A model of decision making

Intelligence

Design

Choice

Implementation

Evaluation

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Knowledge management

• The European Guide to Best Practice in Knowledge

Management defines knowledge as:

• ‘The combination of data and information to which is

added expert opinion, skills and experience to result

in a valuable asset which can be used to make

decisions. It is the essential factor in adding meaning

to information. Knowledge may be explicit and/or

tacit, individual and/or collective’

Mekhilef et al., 2003