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5.7Development of the Self

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

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Development of the Self

•Self-understanding•Remember the rouge test?•What did it show?

Early Emotions

•Primary•Present in animals & humans•Appear 1st 6 mo’s•Surprise•Anger•Sadness•Joy•Fear

•Self-conscious emotions•Appear after 18 mo’s•Embarrassment•Jealousy•Empathy•Pride•Shame•Guilt

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Self-Conscious Emotions

•Self-conscious emotions•Self-awareness @18 months• In early childhood: • Pride• Embarrassment• Shame•Guilt

•Tries to understand others emotions• Empathy• Why is Doug sad?

• Control own emotions

Development of Self•Self conscious emotions need:•Sense of self•Understand right vs. wrong•Able to evaluate own behavior

Development of Self

•Self-conscious emotions•Responses to reactions of others•Remember boy in high chair reacting to sister

•Ownership of a task•Pride•Angry

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Awareness of Others

•Ability to understand others varies•Empathy limited

•Research controversy on jealousy in infants•Do you think infants display jealousy?

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Development of Self

•Self-regulation•Ability to manage feelings•Nature and nurture

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•Emotional regulation•Parents affect success•Model & provide:• Emotional coaching• I know you must feel sad that it is raining & we can’t go to the park.

• Emotional dismissing• I know it hurt but it is okay.• Jack’s list•Mad, sad, glad & scared

Self-Regulation

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Self-Concept & Self-Esteem•Self-Esteem •Evaluation of self-concept •Traits & emotions included by age 4 – 5• Descriptions usually unrealistic, positive• I am the best swimmer.

• I am happy all the time.

•Self-concept in adolescents?

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Racial & Ethnicity Identity•Ethnicity•Culture•Customs•Positive ethnic identity•Stronger self-concept•Greater school achievement•Higher self-esteem

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Group Work• Discuss results of Barbie Doll Test

GENDER IDENTITY

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Gender Identity

•Male & female characteristics•Gender identity: • sense of own gender•Appears @ age 2

•Gender roles: • sets of expectations (think, act, feel) for females & males

•Biological influences•Chromosomes, hormones, evolution

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Gender

•Evolutionary psychological view•Human adaptation from reproduction roles

•Social influences•Adaptation due to social experiences• Social role theory:• Cultural definition of• Social hierarchy• Gender differences in power• Nurture• Status

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Gender Identity•Boy infants more •Active •Fussier •Activity level shapes •Personality•Attention • We respond to boys different than girls?•May contribute to toy preferences.