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ProblemsetTitle

Chapter Quiz

IntroductoryText

Question 1

Type: Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true of the ethic of respect for persons?Hint: Feedback for allincorrect answers:

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The ethic of respect for persons states that treatment can be stopped in cases where there is no hope for improvement of an incapacitating condition.

Incorrect The ethic that focuses on duties to individuals is often called an ethic of respect for persons. An ethic of respect for persons considers certain behaviors simply to be one's duty—regardless of the consequences.

See "Introduction."

The ethic of respect for persons focuses on the moral structure or form of an action.

Correct The ethic that focuses on duties to individuals is often called an ethic of respect for persons. An ethic of respect for persons considers certain behaviors simply to be one's duty—regardless of the consequences.

See "Introduction."

The ethic of respect for persons is derived to a great extent from the Hippocratic ethics.


See "Introduction."

The ethic of respect for persons states that an action that benefits an

Incorrect The ethic that focuses on duties to individuals is often called an ethic of respect for persons. An ethic of

individual is acceptable even if it violates certain rights and duties.

respect for persons considers certain behaviors simply to be one's duty—regardless of the consequences.

See "Introduction."

The ethic of respect for persons focuses on production of good consequences and avoiding evil ones.


See "Introduction."

Question 2


Which of the following actions exemplifies the respect for persons view of confidentiality?Hint: Feedback for allincorrect answers:

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A physician shares confidential information with a patient's family members as it would benefit the patient.

Incorrect Confidentiality, according to the respect for persons view derived from fidelity to commitments, involves more than patient benefit. The duty to keep medical information confidential is part of fidelity to the patient.

See "The Ethics of Confidentiality."

A physician does not notify the police about a female patient being subjected to domestic violence because she feels it would cause psychological damage to the patient.


See "The Ethics of

Confidentiality."

A physician shares confidential patient information with the patient's spouse in the hope of reducing caregiver stress.



A physician shares confidential patient information with a colleague to ensure that the most suitable treatment is being used.



A physician refuses to notify the family members of a patient about her pregnancy, because she does not intend her family to find out.

Correct Confidentiality, according to the respect for persons view derived from fidelity to commitments, involves more than patient benefit. The duty to keep medical information confidential is part of fidelity to the patient.


Question 3


The principle of autonomy states that ________.Hint: Feedback for allincorrect answers:

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commitments made between two or more

Incorrect The liberty of the individual is very frequently a key part of the principle

independent parties can be violated if it is in the overall benefit of the individuals involved

of autonomy. Autonomy is a formalist or deontological moral principle that holds that actions or rules are morally right insofar as they involve respecting the autonomous choices of individuals.

See "The Principle of Autonomy and the Doctrine of Informed Consent."

individuals are morally justified in doing what is in their own self-interest as long as it does not harm other individuals

Incorrect The liberty of the individual is very frequently a key part of the principle of autonomy. Autonomy is a formalist or deontological moral principle that holds that actions or rules are morally right insofar as they involve respecting the autonomous choices of individuals.


people make their choices motivated by a desire for pleasure or an aversion to suffering



human ability to make moral judgments and take actions that conform to morality makes them responsible toward other nonhuman beings



actions or rules are morally right insofar as

Correct The liberty of the individual is very frequently a key part of the principle

they involve respecting the self-determined choices of individuals

of autonomy. Autonomy is a formalist or deontological moral principle that holds that actions or rules are morally right insofar as they involve respecting the autonomous choices of individuals.


Question 4


Which of the following is true about positive rights?Hint: Feedback for allincorrect answers:

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Positive rights refer to the right to have access to the means necessary to act autonomously.

Correct A positive right implies a right not only to act autonomously, but also to have access to the means necessary to carry out one's actions.


Positive rights refer to those rights of an individual that do not deprive someone else of their rights.

Incorrect A positive right implies a right not only to act autonomously, but also to have access to the means necessary to carry out one's actions.


Positive rights refer to those rights that lead to maximum benefit of the society.



Positive rights refer to a type of deontological ethics in which the principles of moral rightness specify certain duties owed to individuals.



Positive rights refer to rules that involve communicating truthfully and avoiding dishonesty.



Question 5


Which of the following is an example of a negative right?Hint: Feedback for allincorrect answers:

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All individuals are entitled to social welfare.

Incorrect A negative right is a right to be left alone, to be free from the interference of others to act autonomously.


All individuals have a right to basic health care

Incorrect A negative right is a right to be left alone, to be free from the

facilities. interference of others to act autonomously.


All individuals have the right to follow their religion without interference.

Correct A negative right is a right to be left alone, to be free from the interference of others to act autonomously.


All individuals have the right to equal pay for equal work.



All children have the right to basic education.



Question 6


What is therapeutic privilege?Hint: Feedback for allincorrect answers:

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Therapeutic privilege refers to the privilege of a Hippocratic physician to break the confidentiality

Incorrect Hippocratic ethics includes what is known as therapeutic privilege. It is the privilege that a Hippocratic physician will claim

clause if it would benefit the patient.

when withholding information that the physician believes would be harmful or upsetting to the patient.


Therapeutic privilege is the privilege of a patient to sue the physician for damages if the physician commits a misdiagnosis or is deliberately negligent.

Incorrect Hippocratic ethics includes what is known as therapeutic privilege. It is the privilege that a Hippocratic physician will claim when withholding information that the physician believes would be harmful or upsetting to the patient.


Therapeutic privilege is the privilege of a patient to sue the physician for damages if he or she was not adequately informed about the side effects of a treatment.



Therapeutic privilege is the privilege of a Hippocratic physician to withhold information when the physician believes it will be harmful to the patient.

Correct Hippocratic ethics includes what is known as therapeutic privilege. It is the privilege that a Hippocratic physician will claim when withholding information that the physician believes would be harmful or upsetting to the patient.


Therapeutic privilege is the requirement that a Hippocratic physician disclose what colleagues similarly situated would have disclosed in similar circumstances.



Question 7


What of the following is true about professional standard?Hint: Feedback for allincorrect answers:

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The professional standard requires that the physician should disclose information that will help the patient to follow the treatment regime more effectively.

Incorrect The professional standard is the traditional standard. It requires that a physician disclose what colleagues similarly situated would have disclosed in similar circumstances.


The professional standard requires that a physician should withhold information that would lead to the patient terminating the treatment.



The professional standard requires that a physician disclose what colleagues

Correct The professional standard is the traditional standard. It requires that a physician disclose what

similarly situated would have disclosed in similar circumstances.

colleagues similarly situated would have disclosed in similar circumstances.


The professional standard requires that a physician withhold information that the physician believes will be stressful to the patient.



The professional standard requires that physicians disclose what the individual patient would want to know or find significant.



Question 8


While deciding how much information must be transferred for consent to be adequately informed, the subjective standard bases its decision on ________.Hint: Feedback for allincorrect answers:

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the physician's assessment of what information will benefit the patient

Incorrect If the goal is to give the patient the information he or she would personally find meaningful, then, to the extent that is known or can be known, it seems that the standard should be more subjective. It should fit with the life plan and interests of

the individual patient. This is what is called the subjective standard.


what colleagues similarly situated would consider adequate information

Incorrect If the goal is to give the patient the information he or she would personally find meaningful, then, to the extent that is known or can be known, it seems that the standard should be more subjective. It should fit with the life plan and interests of the individual patient. This is what is called the subjective standard.


the physician's assessment of what information will benefit all parties involved

Incorrect If the goal is to give the patient the information he or she would personally find meaningful, then, to the extent that is known or can be known, it seems that the standard should be more subjective. It should fit with the life plan and interests of the individual patient. This is what is called the subjective standard.


information that the patient would personally find meaningful

Correct If the goal is to give the patient the information he or she would personally find meaningful, then, to the extent that is known or can be known, it seems that the standard should be more subjective. It should fit with the life plan and interests of the individual patient. This is what is called the subjective standard.


what a reasonable patient would want to be told or find significant

Incorrect If the goal is to give the patient the information he or she would personally find meaningful, then, to the extent that is known or can be known, it seems that the standard should be more subjective. It should fit with the life plan and interests of

the individual patient. This is what is called the subjective standard.


Question 9


The deontological moral principle of veracity holds that actions or rules are morally right insofar as they ________.Hint: Feedback for allincorrect answers:

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involve communicating truthfully and avoiding dishonesty

Correct The principle of veracity is an essential characteristic of human action that shows respect. Veracity is a formalist or deontological moral principle that holds that actions or rules are morally right insofar as they involve communicating truthfully and avoiding dishonesty.

See "The Principle of Veracity: Lying and the Duty to Tell the Truth."

involve keeping commitments, promises, or contracts

Incorrect The principle of veracity is an essential characteristic of human action that shows respect. Veracity is a formalist or deontological moral principle that holds that actions or rules are morally right insofar as they involve communicating truthfully and avoiding dishonesty.


involve respecting the autonomous choices of individuals


See "The Principle of Veracity: Lying and

the Duty to Tell the Truth."

follow religious principles and codes of conduct



are aimed at benefiting an individual or society



Question 10


Which of the following views was endorsed by the philosopher Immanuel Kant?Hint: Feedback for allincorrect answers:

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A physician can break patient confidentiality if the physician believes that it would improve the health of the patient.

Incorrect The philosopher Immanuel Kant argued that "to be truthful or honest in all declarations is therefore a sacred and absolutely commanding decree of reason limited by no expediency." Expediency was the word of the day for calculation of benefits and harms.


A physician should share with the patient the information that he or she would personally find meaningful.



A physician should be concerned with the overall benefit of the patient and not just the patient's medical well-being.



A physician should be honest in all communications with a patient, irrespective of any calculation of benefits and harms.

Correct The philosopher Immanuel Kant argued that "to be truthful or honest in all declarations is therefore a sacred and absolutely commanding decree of reason limited by no expediency." Expediency was the word of the day for calculation of benefits and harms.


A physician should not divulge information about medical treatment and diagnoses to lay people.


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