Period 4 Exam: Global Interactions, 1450-1750 ceA

1) The painting above by the Italian artist Agostino Brunias of the Linen Market on the island of Dominca, Caribbean in the mid-eighteenth century supports which of the following conclusions about the new connections between the Eastern and Western hemispheres?

(A) European elites remained isolated from their subjects in new maritime empires.

(B) Mercantilism was successful in the creation of a tightly controlled trade in luxury goods.

(C) Gender roles were enforced that excluded women from participating in public life.

(D) African, American, and European peoples mixed in the emerging Atlantic cultural system.

Key Concept 4.1.IV.D Theme 2: Culture Skills: Interpretation

She will endeavor to reform the administration of justice and to invigorate the laws; but her policies will be based on Machiavellianism; and I should not be surprised if in this field she rivals the king of Prussia. She will adopt the prejudices of her entourage regarding the superiority of her power and will endeavor to win respect not by the sincerity and probity [integrity] of her actions but also by an ostentatious display of her strength. Haughty as she is, she will stubbornly pursue her undertakings and will rarely retrace a false step. Cunning and falsity appear to be vices in her character; woe to him who puts too much trust in her.

~French diplomat writing home about Catherine the Great, 18th Century

2) The tone of the diplomats letter is:

(A) Scornful(B) Admiring(C) Warning(D) Threatening

KC: 4.3.I Theme: State-Building Expansion and Conflict Skill: Historical Interpretation

World Population (in millions)

YEAR

ASIA

EUROPE

Russia

AFRICA

AMERICAS

World

1400

201

52

13

68

46

382

1500

245

67

17

87

57.5

476.5

1600

338

89

22

113

13

578

1700

433

95

30

107

12

680

1750

500

111

35

104

18

771

Use the chart above to answer questions 3 through 5.

3) Which of the following was most responsible for the greatest demographic change on the chart above?

(A) New World foods like corn and cassava

(B) Diseases like smallpox

(C) Warfare between empires

(D) Long distance migration

4) From 1600 to 1750, the main reason for the population change in Africa was due to:

(A) the introduction of New World foods such as cassava (manioc)

(B) warfare between rival kingdoms

(C) the trans-Atlantic slave trade

(D) decline in trans-Saharan trade

5) When looking at the total world population from 1400-1750, which of the following was most responsible for the change?

(A) The Columbian Exchange.

(B) A general time of peace and no major wars.

(C) Better global sanitation and clean water.

(D) Major increase in trade along the Silk Road.

"In the city of Manila on the Island of Luzon, Head of the Philippines, shall reside another Royal Audience and Chancellery of ours, with a president, who shall be governor and captain generaland the other necessary ministers and officials; and which shall have control over said Island of Luzon, the rest of the Philippines, the Archipelago of China, its Mainland, discovered and to be discovered (in the future).

--Laws of the Philippines, in Laws of the Kingdom of Spain in the Indies, 1680 C.E.

6) These laws would be most useful for a historian in their study of the Spanish empires:

(A) regulation of the labor systems on their colonies.

(B) methods of political administration in their colonies.

(C) imposition of Catholicism on their colonial subjects.

(D) control over the economic activities of colonial merchants.

7) Based on these laws, what would be the BEST inference a historian could make about the way that Spain dealt with its colonies in Asia in the centuries after these laws were passed?

(A) Spain probably would allow Filipinos to develop their own democratic system of government.

(B) Power in the colonial government would be gradually transferred to religious authorities.

C) These laws would have been a direct cause of the Spanish-American War of 1898.

D) The Spanish King was consolidating power as part of a larger plan to expand the empire.

8) Based on both of the above sources, what would be the best inference a historian could make about the way the Dutch East India Company changed the Netherlands over time?

Source A: 326,733 lb. (pounds) of Malacca pepper; 52 chests of Korean and Japanese porcelain; 660 lb. of Japanese copper; 241 pieces of fine Japanese lacquer work; 603 bales of Persian silks; 1,155 lb. of raw Chinese silk; 199,800 lb. of unrefined sugar.

--Dutch East India Company, Amsterdam Customs Manifest, June 27, 1634

Source B: For never any country traded so much and consumed so little; They are the great masters of Asian spices and of the Persian silks; but wear plain woolens, and feed upon their own fish and rootsin short, they furnish infinite luxury, which they never practice, and traffic in pleasures which they never taste.

-- Sir William Temple, On Trade of the Dutch Republic, 1670

A) The Netherlands came to view the people of Asia as their social equals.(B) The Dutch grew richer because of a positive balance of trade with Asian markets.(C) The Dutch King gradually assumed total control over the government of the Netherlands.D) The religion of the Netherlands became more accepting of foreign belief systems.

Key Concept 4.3 IIC Theme 4: EconomySkill: Synthesis

9) The engraving at left by the European artist Jan Collaert the Younger from 1599 best exemplifies which of the following historical processes?

(A) Conflicts between religious and secular authorities during the Scientific Revolution.

(B) European cartographic and navigation technologies that made transoceanic travel possible.

(C) Renaissance artists interest in classical Greek and Roman mythological subjects.

(D) Impacts of the Columbian exchange between the Americas and Europe.

10) The temple inscription supports a conclusion that the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He:

The Imperial Ming Dynasty unifying seas and continents, surpassing the three dynasties even goes beyond the Han and Tang dynasties. The countries beyond the horizon and from the ends of the earth have all become subjects and to the most western of the western or the most northern of the northern countries, however far they may be, the distance and the routes may be calculated. Thus the barbarians from beyond the seas, though their countries are truly distant have come to audience bearing precious objects and presents. The Emperor, approving of their loyalty and sincerity, has ordered us, Zheng He, and others at the head of several tens of thousands of officers and flag-troops to ascend more than one hundred large ships to go and confer presents on them in order to make manifest the transforming power of the imperial virtue and to treat distant people with kindness.

--Inscription on the Temple of the Celestial Goddess in Fujian, China, 1431

(A) to seek converts to Chinese religion.

(B) to gain gold and treasure from foreign lands.

(C) to enhance the prestige of the Chinese state.

(D) to make alliances to defend against foreign enemies.

Key Concept 4.1 IIIA Theme 3: State BuildingSkill: Historical Interpretation

Bessabez (the Penobscot tribal chief) said we could dwell in their land, in order that they might in future more than ever before engage in hunting beavers, and give us a part of them in return for our providing them with things which they wanted. After he had finished his discourse, I presented the savages with iron hatchets, paternosters (a type of bead used in Catholic prayers), caps, knives, and other little knick-knacks. All the rest of the day and the following night, we did nothing but dance, sing and make merry. After which we traded for a certain number of beaver skins at profitable exchange.

--Samuel de Champlain, French explorer, Memoirs, Book II, Chapter V, 1604

11) All of the following consequences of the fur trade could be supported by the above source EXCEPT:

(A) Native Americans became dependent on European goods, displacing their native crafts.(B) French merchants took an active interest in the conversion of Native Americans to Catholicism.(C) New technologies and consumer goods were introduced to the participants in the fur trade.(D) The fur trade greatly enriched the nation of France enabling further expansion in the Americas.

Key Concept 4.3 IIC Theme 4: EconomySkill: Synthesis

The entire country will soon be in the hands of your master, Lord Ieyasu. If this is so, the men who served him will no doubt hope to become daimyo by his appointment. You should know that if such feelings arise, they are inevitably the beginning of the end of one's fortunes in the Way of the Warrior. Being affected by the avarice for office and rank, or wanting to become a daimyo and being eager for such things ... will not one then begin to value his life? And how can a man commit acts of martial valor if he values his life? A man who has been born into the house of a warrior and yet places no loyalty in his heart and thinks only of the fortune of his position will be flattering on the surface and construct schemes in his heart, will forsake righteousness and not reflect on his shame, and will stain thewarrior's name of his household to later generations. This is truly regrettable. Torii Mototada (15391600)

Because of some business, Morooka Hikoemon was called upon to swear before the godsconcerning the truth of a certain matter. But he said, A samurai's word is harder than metal. Since I have impressed this fact upon myself, what more can the gods and Buddhas do? and the swearing was cancelled. It is bad when one thing becomes two. One should not look for anything else in the Way of the Samurai. It is the same for anything that is called a Way. Therefore, it is inconsistent to hear something of the Way of Confucius or the Way of the Buddha, and say that this is the Way of the Samurai. If one understands things in this manner, he should be able to hear about all says and be more and more in accord with his own. A person who is said to be proficient at the arts is like a fool. Because of his foolishness in concerning himself with just one thing, he thinks of nothing else and thus becomes proficient. He is a worthless person. Tsunetomo Yamamoto (16591719)

12) Comparing the two passages about the samurai shows that:

(A) The position of samurai improved during the Tokugawa rule of Shogun Japan (1603-1867).(B) The position of samurai declined during the Tokugawa rule of Shogun Japan (1603-1867).(C) The rule of Tokugawa Iyasu was better for the daimyo.(D) The rule of Yamamoto was better for the daimyo.

13) The cartoon at left is most likely a(n):

(A) commentary on the anti-Muslim feelings sweeping through Europe.

(B) reaction to Peter Romanovs forcible efforts to westernize Russia.

(C) symbolic depiction of Englands defeat of the Spanish Armada and King Philip II.

(D) example of Peter the Greats acceptance of the Orthodox Church rule regulating the length of beards.

Key Concept 4.1 IIB Theme 3: State BuildingSkill: Historical Interpretation

14) The Siege of Constantinople fresco painted in 1537 at the Voronet Monastery in Romania most accurately illustrates which of the following reasons for the expansion of the Ottoman Empire?

(A) The devshirme system that brought non-Muslims into the army.

(B) The adaptive use of gunpowder acquired from East Asia.

(C) The control of trade routes and heavy taxation of luxury goods.

(D) The use of religious ideas to legitimize Ottoman rule in Christian lands.

Key Concepts 4.3.II.B

Theme 1/3: Interaction/Political

Skill: Interpretation

Source A: ascertaining the truth, which is the noblest aim of the human intellect. Therefore we associate at convenient seasons with learned men of all religions, thus deriving profit from their exquisite discourses and exalted aspirations.

--Mughal Emperor Akbar, letter to Spanish Emperor Philip II, 1582

Source B: His Majesty, eager to establish Islam, issued orders to the governors of all the provinces to demolish the schools and temples of the infidels, and, with the utmost urgency, put down the teaching and the public practice of the religion of these unbelievers.

-- Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, Temples Edict, April 9, 1669

15) Based on these two sources, a historian could conclude that the Mughal Empire by the mid-seventeenth century had:

(A) fostered tolerance between the religions of South Asia.

(B) cut off trade with foreign merchant empires.

(C) forced strict Islamic sharia law on non-Muslims.

(D) accepted Hinduism as the official state religion.

Key Concept 4.3 IIB Theme 2: CultureSkill: Chronology/CCOT

Peterhof, St. Petersburg

Palace of Versailles

Taj Mahal

16) All three buildings pictured above can BEST be used as example of:

(A) the love of subjects for their rulers.

(B) the use of technology to overcome geographic barriers.

(C) the use of monumental architecture to honor the dead.

(D) monumental architecture that demonstrated wealth and power.

Most High and Mighty Sovereigns, In the first place, as regards the Island of Espanola: Inasmuch as the number of colonists who desire to go thither amounts to two thousand, owing to the land being safer and better for farming and trading, and because it will serve as a place to which they can return and from which they can carry on trade with the neighboring islands: 1. That in the said island there shall be founded three or four towns, situated in the most convenient places. . . 2. That for the better and more speedy colonization of the said island, no one shall have liberty to collect gold in it except those who have taken out colonists' papers...4.That there shall be a church, and parish priests or friars to administer the sacraments, to perform divine worship, and for the conversion of the Indians. 5. That none of the colonists shall go to seek gold without a license from the governor of the town where he lives; and that he must first take oath to return to the place whence he sets out, for the purpose of registering faithfully all the gold he may have found. . . to render account and show the quantity of said gold 6. That all the gold thus brought in shall be smelted immediately, and stamped with some mark that shall distinguish each town; and that the portion which belongs to your Highnesses shall be weighed, and given and consigned to each governor in his own town. . . so that it shall not pass through the hands of only one person. . . and there shall he no opportunity to conceal the truth. 7. That all gold that may be found without the mark of one of the said towns in the possession of any one who has once registered in accordance with the above order shall be taken as forfeited, and that the accuser shall have one portion of it and your Highnesses the other

Columbus Letter to the King and Queen of Spain, 1494

17) The passage from Columbus above suggests which of the following?

(A)The Spanish were interested in acquiring as much land as possible in the new world.(B) The Spanish were interested in the new world for its bullion.(C) The Spanish were interested in the new world as a place to spread Catholicism.(D) The Spanish were interested in the new world as a place to engage in the slave trade.

Key Concept 4.3.II.C Theme: Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems

This road, known as the Tokaido , is the busiest thoroughfare in all of Japan. It is used not only by merchants and local villagers, but also by many pilgrims making the long trip from their homes in Edo to the most important temples and shrines in western JapanThe Shogun -- the military leader who rules Japan -- does his best to ensure that free travel is maintained throughout the country. However, although even the poorest peasant is allowed to travel about the country freely, all of the main roads in and out of Edo are guarded by seki (barriers), where guards stop all travelers to search for troublemakers and check everyone for weaponsAll travelers who pass through a seki are stopped and questioned in detail by the commander of the guards. This way, the guards are able to collect a great deal of information which helps the government maintain its firm control over the countryThe guards at the seki carefully check people for swords or other weapons. The only people who are allowed to enter Edo with weapons are samurai and a few others who have special permission to wear a sword Adapted from the writings of Furukawa Kosho, 1750s.

Most High and Mighty Sovereigns, In the first place, as regards the Island of Espanola: Inasmuch as the number of colonists who desire to go thither amounts to two thousand, owing to the land being safer and better for farming and trading, and because it will serve as a place to which they can return and from which they can carry on trade with the neighboring islands: 1. That in the said island there shall be founded three or four towns, situated in the most convenient places. . . 2. That for the better and more speedy colonization of the said island, no one shall have liberty to collect gold in it except those who have taken out colonists' papers...4.That there shall be a church, and parish priests or friars to administer the sacraments, to perform divine worship, and for the conversion of the Indians. 5. That none of the colonists shall go to seek gold without a license from the governor of the town where he lives; and that he must first take oath to return to the place whence he sets out, for the purpose of registering faithfully all the gold he may have found. . . to render account and show the quantity of said gold 6. That all the gold thus brought in shall be smelted immediately, and stamped with some mark that shall distinguish each town; and that the portion which belongs to your Highnesses shall be weighed, and given and consigned to each governor in his own town. . . so that it shall not pass through the hands of only one person. . . and there shall he no opportunity to conceal the truth. 7. That all gold that may be found without the mark of one of the said towns in the possession of any one who has once registered in accordance with the above order shall be taken as forfeited, and that the accuser shall have one portion of it and your Highnesses the otherColumbus Letter to the King and Queen of Spain, 1494

18) The image and passage above about the seki indicate that:

(A) The lives of Japanese subjects under Tokugawa were characterized by strict rules.

(B) Tokugawa had little control over his subjects, requiring the use of force to make them comply.

(C) There was a strict class system imposed by the Shogun, seen in different rules for different classes, even including sumptuary laws.

(D) The role of the samurai began to lose importance in Tokugawa Japan leading to increased lawlessness and chaos.

19) The map of Africa above best explains which of the following developments in African history?

1. The migration of Bantu-speaking peoples

1. The diffusion of culture throughout Dar al Islam

1. The emergence and growth of West African kingdoms

1. The growth of coerced labor through chattel slavery

Key Concepts 4.2.DTheme 4: Economy Skills: Chronology/Contextualization

20) The image at right of a Brazilian sugar plantation BEST exemplifies which of the following trends in colonization?

(A) An ever increasing reliance on coerced labor for cash crop production and mining.

(B) Intensive attempts by the Catholic Church to convert large numbers of natives in Latin America.

(C) The presence of strong indigenous leaders who worked with Europeans to establish colonies.

(D) A dependence on the trans-Atlantic trading system to provide basic needs for the plantations.

"If there chanced to be in those lands some population of Christians, or some havens, into which it would be possible to sail without peril, many kinds of merchandise might be brought to this realm, which would find a ready market, and reasonably so, because no other people of these parts traded with them, nor yet people of any other that were known; and also the products of this realm might be taken there, which traffic would bring great profit to our countrymen."

Source: Gomes Eannes de Azurara, discussing Prince Henry of Portugal's motives for exploration, 1453.

21) According to the above passage, the Portuguese sponsored expeditions to Africa to:

(A) gain direct control over the trans-Saharan trade routes.

(B) acquire gold and slaves and establish a market for Portuguese good.

(C) establish plantation based economies in Northern Africa.

(D) end the inhumane policies of the African slave trade.

Source: Vow of Endorsement, written by several Japanese gentlemen during the Tokugawa Shogunate, 1645.

We have been Kirishitans [Christians] for many years. But the more we learn of the Kirishitan doctrines the greater becomes our conviction that they are evil.

We hereby present a statement in writing to you, worshipful Magistrate, as a testimony. Hereafter we shall not harbor any thought of the Kirishitan in our heart. [] If any falsehood be noted in our declaration now or in the future, we shall be subject to divine punishment by Bonten, Taishaku, the four deva kings, the great or little gods in all the sixty or more provinces of Japan, especially our own family gods.

22) The authors likely reference the four deva kings and family gods because:

(A) They fear they will burn in hell for what they have done

(B) They know that the Magistrate will punish them if the gods do not

(C) The gods will identify the Christians in the various provinces of Japan

(D) They wish to emphasize that they have returned to more acceptable forms of worship

KC: 4.3.I.C Theme: Development and Interaction of Cultures, State-Building Expansion and Conflict Skill: Historical Interpretation

23) In the above passage, the authors most likely are giving testimony because:

(A) They have family members in court that they are defending

(B) The Japanese government has cracked down on foreign influences in Japan

(C) Christian priests have been convicted of crimes against Japanese citizens

(D) They wish to prove to the Buddha that they are ready to receive enlightenment

KC: 4.3.I.C, 4.1.VI.B,C Theme: Development and Interaction of Cultures, State-Building Expansion and Conflict

Skill: Historical Interpretation

24) Which of the following would be the MOST useful source of evidence for research about profits of Portuguese and British slave traders in the period 1600-1800?

(A) Portuguese and British tax records.

(B) Narratives of saves transported to the Americas.

(C) European slave traders account books.

(D) Journals of African slave traders.

KC:4.1IV.DTheme 4: Creation, Expansion, & Interaction of Economic SystemsSkill: Use of evidence

Source: Ogier Chiselin be Busbecq, Ambassador from the Holy Roman Empire to the Ottoman Sultan, in a letter to the government of the Holy Roman Empire, 1555.

It is the patience, self-denial and thrift of the Turkish soldier that enable him to face the most trying circumstances and come safely out of the dangers that surround him. What a contrast to our men! Christian soldiers on a campaign refuse to put up with their ordinary food and call for thrushes [] and such like dainty dishes! [] It makes me shudder to think of what the result of a struggle between such different systems must be; one of us must prevail and the other be destroyed, at any rate we cannot both exist in safety.

25) The author of the above passage is writing for the purpose of:

(A) Promoting the greatness of his own nation.

(B) Warning his home country about a foreign nation.

(C) Advocating greater funds be allocated to feeding the Holy Roman Empires army.

(D) Rallying his own government to go to war with the Turkish.

KC: 4.3.I.D, 4.3.II.B Theme: Development and Interaction of Cultures, State-Building Expansion and Conflict Skill: Historical Interpretation

26) The painting at right by Mexican artist Sebastian Salcedo, entitled Virgin of Guadalupe, is an example of which of the following religious developments of the period between 1450 and 1750?

1. Cultural diffusion of new forms of Christianity after the Protestant Reformation.

1. Syncretic religions which emerged in the maritime empires of Europe.

1. Iconoclastic destruction of idols amongst native peoples in the Americas.

1. Resistance by traditional religious authorities against new scientific discoveries.

Key Concept: 4.1.VI.D Theme 2: Culture Skill: Interpretation

27) The leader of the Mughal Empire who embraced religious tolerance, expanded military control and increased centralized control was named:

(A) Akbar(B) Aurangzeb

(C) Shah Abbas(D) Babur

28) The Japanese leader who ultimately managed to unify all Japan under his lasting control was named:

(A) Hideyoshi(B) Tokugawa

(C) Nobunaga(D) Ennin

29) The picture at left serves to correctly illustrate which of the following ideas about Qing society?

(A) The order for Chinese to always look down in the presence of the Manchu

overlords.

(B) Devotion to filial piety as sons shaved their heads to be submissive

to their parents.

(C) Control of the Chinese by the Qing and a desire for uniformity in the empire.

(D) Punishment by the Qing elite for resistance to their control of

China.

30) Absolutism was embraced by all of the following nations EXCEPT:

(A) The Dutch(B) France

(C) Russia(D) The Ming Dynasty

31) The first European to explore the Pacific Ocean from East to West was:

(A) Da Gama(B) Francis Drake(C) James Cook(D) Ferdinand Magellan

32) Early European capitalism was characterized by which of the following statement?

(A) Capitalism was delayed by the revival of urban areas.

(B) Capitalism depended on trade agreements made by absolute monarchs.

(C) Capitalism was linked to enhanced opportunities and risk-taking among individuals.

(D) Capitalism was rejected by European states as too chaotic and dangerous to the social order.

33) What caused the period of civil war in Japan in the late 1500s?

(A) Rivalries among landowning daimyo hoping to gain more power.

(B) Disagreements among government officials over whether to allow trade with Europe.

(C) Failure of the invasion of Korea and China by Hideyoshi led to dissatisfaction and rebellion.

(D) The collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate led to violent clashes for power among rival daimyo.

34) All of the following individuals are associated with the rise of Protestantism EXCEPT:

(A) Ignatius Loyola(B) Martin Luther(C) Adam Smith(D) Jan Huss

35) Which of the following aspects of Kabuki and the plays of Shakespeare are NOT shared?

(A) Both appealed to the common people using high drama, humor, and violence.

(B) Both dramatic forms used male actors to portray female roles.

(C) Both continue to be performed and enjoyed in contemporary times.

(D) Both enjoyed the unqualified support of their respective rulers.

36) Which of the following was NOT a major factor permitting the rise of secularization within Europe?

(A) The Protestant Reformation(B) The Glorious Revolution

(C) The Pugachev Rebellion(D) The Scientific Revolution

37) The Catholic order which devoted itself to military style discipline, scholarship, and missionary work among natives of the Americas and Asia was the:

(A) Society of Jesus(B) Franciscan Order

(C) Antonian Movement(D) Society of Guadeloupe

38) The Mandate of Heaven and the Divine Right of Kings can both be compared on their basis of:

(A) Allowing the religious leaders of China and European states to control political leadership.

(B) Demonstrating the superstitions of the 16th and 17th centurys citizens of China and Europe.

(C) Using religious ideology to reinforce political control of a populace in China and European states.

(D) Rejection of secular ideas by the populace who yearned for a return to tradition in China and Europe.

39) The syncretic religion of vodun should be MOST associated with which of the following regions?

(A) Southwest Asia(B) the Caribbean(C) Central America(D) Eurasia

40) Which of the following are NOT accomplishments of Suleiman the Great, Ruler of the Ottoman Empire?

(A) The Ottoman Empire built a large naval force which was able to challenge Christian vessels in the Mediterranean.

(B) The expansion of the Ottoman Empire advanced as his forces moved into Eastern Europe.

(C) His forces attacked and defeated the nomadic Uzbek tribe of central Asia.

(D) Ottoman forces took the city of Baghdad and added the Tigris and Euphrates to his domain.

Blast from the Past

41) Both Renaissance Italy of the late 13th century and the Abbasid Empire in the mid-tenth century are important examples of which of the following?

(A) Urbanization leading to distinct social classes based upon wealth

(B) Political unity and a lack of cultural creativity causing social and economic decline

(C) The rise of secularism and distinct religious classes exerting great social and political power

(D) Political fragmentation causing internal struggles and mass exodus from the areas.

KC 3.1.III.C & 3.3.III.D, theme: development and interaction of cultures, skill: comparison, contextualization

42) The photograph at left of a mosque (first erected in the 14th century) in the modern-day West African country of Mali best exemplifies which of the following historical processes?(A) Imposition of religion through military conquest.(B) Spread of religion along trade routes.(C) Abandonment of indigenous cultural styles in the face of colonization.(D) Conflict between local and universalizing religions.

43) In what way was the spread of Christianity in Western Europe similar to the spread of Buddhism in China?

(A) The rejection of wealth by both Buddhist and Christian monasteries was a key to their growing influence.

(B) Neither Buddhism nor Christianity had much appeal for recently settled nomadic rulers.

(C) Both Buddhist and Christian monasteries were systematically shut down by state authorities after 800 C.E.

(D) The prospect of relative freedom from male control drew substantial numbers of women to both Buddhist and Christian nunneries.

44) Which of the following is a trend most characteristic of the period 600-1450 CE?

(A) Nationalism led to a decrease in regional contacts among people around the world.

(B) Global trade extended to the Americas which provided exotic food stuffs to Europe.

(C) Expansion of world religions due to missionary activity, trade and conquest.

(D) Industrialization increased throughout West Africa leading to its brief trade dominance.

45) Between 800 and 1200, feudalism was a governmental form shared by which of the following pairs of regions?

(A) Central Asia and Mesoamerica(B) Northern Europe and Japan

(C) Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East(D) The Middle East and China

46) The Mongol conquests in China:

(A) led to the unification of a divided China, with the north and south of the kingdom once again coming under the rule of one dynasty.

(B) resulted in the return of North China to pasture land for Mongol herds in the 1230s through the mass deportation of settled peoples by the Great Khan Ogodei.

(C) brought an end to all Chinese administrative practices and their replacement with Persian models.

(D) ultimately led to the widespread conversion of Chinese subjects to Islam in defiance of Kublai Khan.

47) Diasporic communities along major trading routes served to:

(A) increased the likelihood of a favorable balance of trade.

(B) introduce new cultural traditions into local cultures.

(C) increase the loyalty of local groups to their leaders.

(D) prevent the involvement of indigenous groups into trade.

I charge the Caliph after me to fear God, and I commend the community of Muslims to him, to respect the great among them, not to strike them and humiliate them, not to oppress them and drive them to unbelief, not to close his doors to them and allow the strong to devour the weak.

Muhammad, Hadith (c.610-632)

48) Assuming the Caliph after Muhammad was a descendant of the Prophets by birth or marriage, he would represent which sect of Islam?

(A) Sunni(B) Shia(C) Sufi(D) Bhakti

KC: 3.2.1.B Theme: Political SystemsSkill: Historical Interpretation

49) The game being played, pictured at right, is an important, lasting symbol of:

(A) conquest of the Mongols over the Chinese.

(B) cultural exchange between the West & the East.

(C) destruction of the city of Constantinople.

(D) the work of its inventor, Marco Polo.

50) The turning point in the rise of Islam was:

(A) Muhammads pilgrimage to Mecca.

(B) the rise of the Umayyad dynasty.

(C) the conquest of Egypt by Islamic force.

(D) the return of Muhammad from his exile to Medina.

51) Which of the following is true of the Assyrian, Persian, and Roman Empires? (KC2.2)

(A) They all conquered major cities and trade routes in the region.

(B) Each empire bordered the Mediterranean Sea.

(C) They all instituted a central administration to rule.

(D) They all originated in areas rich with natural resources.

52) To help govern the Han Dynasty, emperors relied on: (KC2.2)

(A) a massive military structure to deport undesirables and impose fear in the population.

(B) an ideology that combined Legalism and Daoism in a popular format for the peasantry.

(C) a system that channeled wealth to the periphery gaining localized support.

(D) local leaders who studied Confucianism at national universities.

53) Which of the following BEST describes the Silk Road? (KC2.3)

(A) A trade route linking the Mediterranean and East Asia.

(B) The Han Dynasty's main route for the movement of military forces within the empire.

(C) The circuit traveled by Central Asian nomads as they moved their herds around their territory.

(D) The route connecting Northern China and South East Asia which brought spices to the Han Dynasty.

54) The Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka, is known for all of the following EXCEPT: (KC2.2)

(A) intolerance of other faiths, notably the persecution of Hindu believers..

(B) conversion to Buddhism and preaching non-violence.

(C) publicizing royal decrees on sandstone pillars throughout the empire.

(D) vast military expansion of the empire with brutal displays of violent conquest.

55) Which of the following BEST describes the reasons for the decline of the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire? (KC2.2)

(A) A lack of cheap labor caused rapidly spiraling inflation.

(B) Decreased trade caused economic and social decline.

(C) Concern about overpopulation resulted in a negative birth rate.

(D) Famine and pestilence ran rampant through both empires.

56) Which of the following is true of Indian Ocean trade prior to 600 C.E.? (KC2.3)

(A) It was likely established by multilingual, multiethnic seafarers.

(B) It was limited to the Persian Gulf region of the Indian Ocean.

(C) It was a one-way trade from India to China.

(D) It included all Indian Ocean regions except Africa.

57) Daoism taught that humans: (KC2.1)

(A) controlled their natural realm.

(B) would be rewarded in the afterlife.

(C) must find balance within their lives.

(D) required careful and calculated laws.

58) The founder of Buddhism developed a religion centered on which of the following ideas?

(A) Monotheism and a belief in heaven(B) Regulation of social interactions

(C) Support of the caste system(D) Elimination of desire and suffering

59) The Mauryan dynasty differed from the Gupta dynasty in that:

(A) Mauryan rulers opposed the caste system.

(B) it was imposed by conquerors from Greece.

(C) it ruled a larger territory.

(D) it attacked Buddhist beliefs.

60) Early Christians were persecuted by Romans because they:

(A) refused to offer sacrifices to the Roman emperor.

(B) refused to pay taxes out of a rejection of secular affairs.

(C) supported the rebellion led by Spartacus.

(D) refused to serve in the Roman legions.

61) Buddhism and Jainism share which of the following ideas regarding religion?

(A) Each rejects religion as a superstitious endeavor used to control people.

(B) Each believes that the Brahmin are at the peak of the caste system.

(C) Each one believes in a Holy Spirit that can be attained through prayer.

(D) Each rejects violence and the caste system as a means of subjecting people.

62) Bloodletting rituals among the Maya were seen as:

(A) Important to controlling overpopulation within the society.

(B) Critical to the religious rituals and the bringing of rain to crops.

(C) Influential in controlling commoners among the Mayan hierarchy.

(D) Increasingly barbaric leading to calls for abolition of the practice.

Gandhara, India

2nd or 3rd century C.E.

Kamakura, Japan

1252 C.E.

Leshan, China

713 C.E.

63) The images of the Buddha from above can be used for all of the following EXCEPT: (KC2.3)

(A) to trace the spread of the religion throughout Asia.

(B) to depict the emergence of deification for Buddha by the Mahayana.

(C) to highlight differences in Buddha's depiction across time and place.

(D) to show official acceptance of Buddhism from state officials.

64) The seal at right has been discovered in both Indus River Valley and Mesopotamian civilizations between 2600-1900 B.C.E. Since identical seals have been discovered in multiple sites during the same time period it can be inferred that:

(A) These civilizations had monotheistic belief systems.

(B) These civilizations participated in trans-regional trade with one and another.

(C) It was unlikely that these two civilizations ever interacted with each other.

(D) The Indus River Valley and Mesopotamia had similar flora and fauna.

KC: 1.3.3.F; T:4; S:1

65) Women were important contributors to the agricultural revolution because they were likely the gender who:

(A) gathered edible plants and knew where grains grew.

(B) made tools and containers allowing storage of surplus crops.

(C) performed essential agricultural tasks such as plowing and irrigation.

(D) found that farming required less work and less time.

66) In the sites of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, archeologists have found a high degree of standardization of weights, measures, architectural styles, and even brick sizes. Such standardization suggests that:

(A) there was a high degree of commercialization in the economy.

(B) the Harappan state was very oppressive, forcing different racial groups to adopt the same standards.

(C) there might have been a central authority powerful enough to reach all corners of Harrapan society.

(D) interactions with the city-states of Mesopotamia led to the use of applied science in creating the Indus River Valley sites.

67) An anthropologist researching early Aryan hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring Aryan gods would most likely use which of the following sources?

(A) Data regarding horse-breeding locations, as worship of horses seems to have been at the center of early Aryan civilization

(B) Records of trading accounts showing interactions between the Harrappan people of the Ganges Valley and the Aryan migrants.

(C) Migratory routes followed by the Aryans as they moved south and began settling in India c. 1500 B.C.E.

(D) The Rig Veda, an oral collection of pastoral tradition that was compiled by Aryan priests between 1400 and 900 B.C.E.

Great Pyramid at Giza, circa 2460 BCE

Ziggurat at Ashur, c. 3000 BCE

Great Bath at Mohenjo Daro, c. 3000-2000 BCE

68) The pictures above best exemplify which of the following historical processes?

(A) Public works were designed to instill common purpose and impress upon common people the power of the state, and they required a huge investment of resources and thousands of laborers.

(B) Religious structures and edifices were used to control and oppress subject peoples, and they were sometimes subjected to forced labor to build and maintain these cult symbols.

(C) Competition between different civilizations produced a sense of cultural commonality within diverse populations.

(D) Commerce was stimulated by construction projects that governments designed to impress their trading partners.

Translation of the tablet to the left:

Dada the swineherd is responsible for harvesting the three acres planted in barley in the area of Umma called the field of Ash-Trees.

Sumerian tablet, 2100 B.C.E.

Source: From Science Museum of Minnesota, Cuneiform Collections, exhibit SMM7

69) If a historian wanted to explain the functions of Mesopotamian writing, the primary source above would BEST support an argument that:

(A) logophonetic writing is defined as symbols that designate whole words.

(B) Hammurabis code of law corrected abuses & addressed criminal justice needs.

(C) writing had an accounting function, recording the job responsibilities of commoners.

(D) literature, philosophy, astronomy, and mathematics were all an effect of writing.

70) The picture at right of a double-hulled canoe was significant to people of the

Pacific because:

(A) The boat allowed the transport of Aryans to the South Seas.

(B) The boat was used to transport trade goods from China.

(C) The boat allowed for explorations, settlement, and trade.

(D) The boat was abandoned as inefficient and unwieldy.