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NAF Principles of Information Technology

Lesson 6Peripherals

Teacher Resources

Resource Description

Teacher Resource 6.1 Answer Key: Input and Output at the Mall Investigation

Teacher Resource 6.2 Presentation and Notes: Learning about Peripherals (includes separate PowerPoint file)

Teacher Resource 6.3 Multi-Pass Instructions: Learning about Peripherals

Teacher Resource 6.4 Assessment Criteria: Must-Have Peripherals Descriptive Paragraph

Teacher Resource 6.5 Prompts: Learning Objective Reflection (separate PowerPoint slide)

Teacher Resource 6.6 Guide: Teaching Reflection

Teacher Resource 6.7 Key Vocabulary: Peripherals

Teacher Resource 6.8 Bibliography: Peripherals

Copyright © 2007–2016 NAF. All rights reserved.

NAF Principles of Information Technology Lesson 6 Peripherals

Teacher Resource 6.1

Answer Key: Input and Output at the Mall Investigation

The following are examples of possible answers.

Type of Business Type of Input / Output Device(s) Benefit(s) of Device

Game arcade Game controllers such as joysticks and game pads (input)

Monitors/screen displays (output)

You can interact personally with the game, and this means you can get more enjoyment from playing it; these devices often have tailored forms of input for the type of game, such as buttons, steering controllers, mats to step on, triggers, etc.

Clothing store, coffee store, gourmet food store, hardware store, and similar shops

Bar code readers (input)

Monitors/screen displays (output)

Touch screen (input)

Gift card/credit card reader (input)

Easy price check if sales tag/sticker is missing; speedy checkout; sales clerk can locate items inventoried at other store locations if the mall location is out of your size/item

Restaurant with karaoke Microphones (input)

Speakers (output)

Allows you to impress your friends or make them laugh

Bank ATM Numeric keypad and/or touch screen (input)

Monitor and cash dispenser (output)

Convenient and fast way to get cash

Document-processing business such as FedEx Kinko’s

Fax machine (input and output)

Keyboards (input)

Various types of printers (output)

Image scanners (input)

Fast communication and production; reasonable cost for tasks and items you don’t need often; access to a desktop computer if you don’t own one

The organization that manages the mall

Kiosk with touch screen (input and output)

Allows you to search for and display information for finding the store you need




Presentation Notes: Learning about PeripheralsBefore you show this presentation, use the text accompanying each slide to develop presentation notes. Writing the notes yourself enables you to approach the subject matter in a way that is comfortable to you and engaging for your students. Make this presentation as interactive as possible by stopping frequently to ask questions and encourage class discussion.

This presentation introduces many of the peripherals available to consumers today.

Presentation notes



A peripheral is any device that is not an essential part of the computer but can be added to expand the input and output functionality of the computer. Input is information that you put into the computer (for example, when you type, or click a mouse). Output is information that the computer puts out for you (like what it displays on the monitor). A third type of peripheral is storage devices.

Examples of peripherals are monitors, printers, keyboards, mice, scanners, and disk drives. Storage peripherals include external hard drives or flash drives. Peripherals are important because we need them to enter data into a computer (using a keyboard or a mouse, for example), and we need them to get output from a computer (by looking at a screen or a printed document, for example). And in the case of storage peripherals, they easily and quickly increase our storage capabilities.

Presentation notes



Despite the development of alternative input devices, such as mouse, touch screen, pen devices, character recognition, and voice recognition, the keyboard remains the most commonly used and most versatile device for direct (human) input into computers.

Keyboards are also used for computer gaming. Gamers can use either regular keyboards or keyboards that have special gaming features that speed up frequently used keystroke combinations.

Presentation notes



The mouse is a form of pointing device. You control the cursor on the screen by moving the mouse, and make selections by clicking, double-clicking, or right-clicking objects on the screen or by dragging objects around the screen.

• Optical mouse: Uses a tiny camera to measure movement and position of an optical light. Inexpensive, reliable, able to process information quickly.

• Laser mouse: Uses a tiny camera to measure movement and position of a laser light. Reliable, fast, precise, more expensive than optical mice.

• Trackball mouse: Has a ball on top of the mouse that’s used to move the cursor. The advantage of this mouse is that it can stay in a single place, so it works well for people with small desks or limited space.

• Mechanical mouse: Uses a tiny rubber ball to calculate distance and position. These are no longer in use because dirt easily obstructs the mechanical parts, and they process information much more slowly.

Many mice are wireless like the one on the left side here. Instead of a cable, they use radio frequencies (RF) to transmit information. Such mice require two components: a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter, inside the mouse, sends a signal to the receiver, which usually connects to the computer through a USB port. The receiver can also be an expansion card or can be built in. The receiver on this slide looks like a USB flash drive.

Other pointing devices include a TrackPoint, a stylus (in older computers, this was called a light pen), and a joystick or similar game controller.

Presentation notes



LCD monitors are just like LCD televisions: images are displayed by liquid crystal display. CRT (cathode-ray tube) monitors are an older style that is less common today. Just like older TVs, they have a CRT that displays the image. Both monitors work well, though LCD monitors have a brighter, crisper picture, are much lighter weight, use less power, and take up considerably less room than CRT monitors. Some modern LCDs also support touch-screen input, using technology similar to that of an iPad or a smartphone.

LED monitors look almost exactly the same as LCD monitors but are lighter and brighter than LCD displays. This makes them useful for displays panels in places where there is a lot of light.

CRTs are bulky and heavy. The CRT operates by sending an electron beam to the inner surface, which is coated with a special phosphor substance. The impact of the beam causes the screen to “flare” at that point. As this flare is caused by the release of a small amount of radiation, there were some health concerns about sitting too close to a CRT.

Presentation notes



The detail (resolution) of a picture improves as the number of pixels increases, as you can see in the illustration. The monitor’s resolution can be changed through operating system settings.

Image retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Resolution_illustration.png on June 6, 2012.

Presentation notes



Printers and scanners add enormous value and utility to any computer system. After all, everyone needs to print sometime.

Many consumers and small offices choose multifunction printers, shown on the left. An all-in-one multifunction machine can print, scan, copy, and fax documents.

People who do not need or want all of the functions of a multifunction machine often choose separate printers and scanners. The printer shown on the right is an inkjet printer. Inkjet printers are usually inexpensive, which makes them attractive to many buyers. They print by spraying tiny droplets of ink (usually around 600 dots per inch) onto paper.

Laser printers are another printer option. They print by using heat to transfer and attach toner from a drum to paper. Color inkjet printers are less expensive than black-and-white laser printers and far less expensive than color laser printers.

Scanners (see middle picture) are used to digitize two-dimensional objects, like photos and documents.

Presentation notes



In the past, floppy disks were the main way users could store and load software.

The picture on the top left shows an old 3½-inch floppy drive (which replaced the even older 5½-inch floppy disks). In time, the CD-ROM drive replaced 3½-inch floppies. A CD-ROM was read-only; you could not write to it. These early CD-ROM drives were replaced with CD drives that had a powerful enough laser to both read from and write to a disc. Now, CD drives have largely been replaced by DVD drives. Blu-ray drives, the latest technology, are designed for high-definition audio and video.

This is all good news for computer users. A 5½-inch floppy can hold only 800KB. A 3½-inch disk can hold 1.4MB. A CD-ROM can hold 737MB. A DVD can hold 4.7GB if one-sided or 8.5GB if double-sided. And a Blu-ray disc can hold five times the amount of data that a traditional DVD can hold, from 50GB to more than 200GB.

Presentation notes



External disk drives give users many options for storing data.

The drives shown on this slide are (clockwise, from upper left):

• An external hard drive. It works just like an internal hard drive, but is portable.

• An external DVD drive. This optical drive uses optical light to read DVDs and to write (or “burn”) DVDs full of data.

• A USB drive (also called a thumb drive or flash drive). This is a tiny device that can hold up to 256GB of data. USB drives that hold 16GB or 32GB can be purchased for under $20.

DVD drive image retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dvd-burning-cutaway3.JPG and reproduced here under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Original photograph taken by Felipe La Rotta in March 2009.

Presentation notes



Wireless technology has become popular for many types of peripherals. You can link together speakers, headphones, and external cloud storage for your computer, all without a single wire.

Bluetooth has become a standard brand name when talking about wireless pairings, particularly with smartphones and other mobile devices. Newer cars often have Bluetooth installed in their stereo and speaker systems. You can just sync your phone with your car and you don’t even need a wireless headset. Bluetooth technology can also be found in gaming consoles, tablets, and televisions.

Presentation notes



Different sized bays are designed to hold different types of equipment, including DVD+R, DVD-R, DVD-RW, and Blu-ray drives. Most desktop computers have a DVD drive as the primary optical drive; the ability to read and write to the DVD can be optional. Blu-ray drives are often the secondary optical drive.

Presentation notes



Use what you learned in this presentation to start thinking about what peripherals are essential for the personal technology system of your dreams, and what would be nice to have. Remember that all computers need peripherals to input and output data.

Presentation notes




Multi-Pass Instructions: Learning about PeripheralsThese instructions apply if you choose to print out the corresponding student resource reading pages and post them around the room. It’s important to print the student reading pages rather than the PowerPoint slides, because the reading pages include notes that have further important information for students to consider about each key concept. Instruct the students to take several passes around the room, each time noting the information described below.

First Pass: Survey (5 minutes)● Read the title and introduction, and note the sections of the presentation.

● Examine the illustrations: What types of peripherals do you see? Have you seen each of these before?

● Read the headings to see how the presentation is organized.

● Paraphrase the information acquired.

Second Pass: Size Up (15 minutes)● Identify key concepts by using titles and headings, visuals, bold print, italics, and/or areas

specifically highlighted on the slides. What differences can you discern about the different types of peripherals?

● Generate questions about key concepts, and answer them by looking at the slides. Relate what you see on the slides to the equipment present in your classroom.

● Paraphrase key concepts.

Third Pass: Sort Out (10 minutes)● Answer student-generated questions, and reinforce key concepts.




Assessment Criteria: Must-Have Peripherals Descriptive Paragraph

Student Name:______________________________________________________________

Date:_______________________________________________________________________

Using the following criteria, assess whether the student met each one.

Met Partially Met

Didn’t Meet

The paragraph begins with a topic sentence that is interesting and provocative. □ □ □The paragraph describes at least three peripherals that are essential to the system. All the descriptions are specific and relevant, use examples, and explain why each peripheral is needed.

□ □ □

The writing maintains complete topic focus throughout the paragraph and ends with an insightful concluding sentence.

□ □ □

The writing exhibits skillful use of new vocabulary that is precise and purposeful. □ □ □The completed assignment is neat and uses proper spelling and grammar. □ □ □

Additional Comments:

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________




Guide: Teaching ReflectionThis guide provides ideas for improving students’ ability to reflect on their learning. It includes specific suggestions for helping students reflect on meeting the learning objectives of a lesson. Students participating in NAFTrack Certification will benefit from practicing reflective writing, since they will respond to reflection prompts as part of the NAFTrack Certification process.

All thinking requires some type of reflection in order for learning to take place. Reflection is a cluster of skills that involves observing, questioning, and putting ideas and experiences together to give a fresh meaning to them all. The reflection activities throughout this course bring students a sense of ownership of what they have learned and a better understanding of themselves and their abilities.

Build your students’ reflection skills by starting with easier reflection questions that lead to more complex ones. The list below, based on Bloom’s Taxonomy, helps students break down what they need to think about so that they gain confidence and strengthen their metacognition. Because each question takes the previous answer a step further, students can come up with answers to each question and eventually wind up with everything they need to work with to craft an answer for the highest-level reflection questions.

Learning Levels (From Lower to Higher Order) Examples of Reflection Questions

Remembering (retrieving, recognizing, recalling) What can I remember? What did I do?

Understanding (constructing meaning) What do I think it means? What conclusions did I come to? What are my takeaways? What did I get out of it?

Applying (extending learning to a new setting) How could I use this [knowledge, experience] again? In what new way could this be valuable?

Analyzing (breaking material apart, seeing how the parts fit together and what the overall purpose is)

What are the different parts of this [experiment, assignment, project, experience]? As a whole, what is the purpose/main idea?

Evaluating What has this [project, assignment, experience, experiment] taught me about myself—my strengths, my challenges? What am I proud of? What could I do better next time? What are my contributions? I used to think…but now I think….

Creating Is there another, better way to put the pieces of this [project, assignment, experience, experiment] together? What could I [create, write, plan] next?

Another source of ideas for teaching reflection: http://www.visiblethinkingpz.org/

Follow these tips to guide students in responding to reflection questions on learning objectives:



● Read the reflection question aloud to the class and have students rephrase the question using their own words.

● Explain that they should use the reflection question to describe what they have learned during the lesson as it relates to the learning objective.

● Review the meaning of the learning objective before students get started on their reflections.

● Refer to the examples below, which represent good responses to these types of reflection questions.

ExampleBelow is an example learning objective with example student reflection prompts and responses. Although students only encounter the actual NAFTrack Certification prompts once they are on the NAFTrack Certification assessment platform, examples like these give students a sense of the type of reflection they will be asked to engage in. You can copy and paste these examples into a Word document for students to review and discuss as a class. You can add more prompts for students to answer, or customize this content to best suit your students and your goals for them.

Learning objective

● Identify ways that computers impact our everyday lives at home, school, and work

Prompts and responsesThink of the assignments that you completed during this lesson. Choose one to use as your work sample as you answer the questions below.

● Explain how completing this work sample helped you to meet this learning objective. Describe the ideas and skills that you used.

I chose the short essay that I wrote as my work sample. It helped me meet this learning objective because it covers the four main ways that information technology and computers affect my daily life and future career. My essay explains how supercomputers have become a part of every industry, from the technology and medical fields to agriculture, construction, and even national defense. To write my essay, I learned about many ideas that were new to me. I learned about emerging technologies and how the use of laptops, smartphones, and tablets has changed the way people learn and work. The skills I used are writing and researching. I had to practice putting my research into my own words so that I wouldn’t plagiarize. Being able to organize information is another skill I used.

● Describe what you could improve about your work sample.

I tried really hard to make my essay organized, but now I see ways I could have laid information out to make it easier to read. I don’t think I wrote enough details about how technology impacts my life personally. It would have been good to include more details about the technology I use daily and what I’ll need to learn for my future career choice.

Promoting Reflection in the ClassroomYou can also use the following sample questions to promote a culture of reflection in your classroom—during class and small-group oral reflections, during PowerPoint presentations, and when students are having a discussion and you want to draw them out more.



● Can you discuss that more?

● Why do you think that happens?

● What evidence do you have to support that?

● Do you see a connection between this and _________?

● Does this remind you of anything else?

● How else could you approach that?

● How could you do that?




Key Vocabulary: Peripherals

Term Definition

bar code reader An optical input device that uses light to read a bar pattern called a universal product code (UPC).

Bluetooth A trademarked standard for short-range, wireless connectivity between computers, phones, and other electronic devices.

cathode-ray tube (CRT) An older-style type of monitor that uses a vacuum tube.

color depth The number of colors that a computer monitor can display at one time.

daisy-chaining The process used to link one peripheral to another, forming a chain.

dot-matrix printer A type of impact printer that uses small pins to strike an inked ribbon to produce tiny dots on the paper.

dot pitch The amount of space between pixels, which affects the display quality of images shown on a monitor.

dye-sublimation printer A type of nonimpact printer that prints high-quality images by using heat to transfer colored ink to specially coated paper.

female connector A plug on the end of a cable with one or more sockets designed to accept the pins on a male connector.

game controller An input device used to play computerized games; examples include joysticks and game pads.

impact printer An output device that creates printed images by striking an inked ribbon against paper. This printer is mostly obsolete.

inkjet printer A type of nonimpact printer that sprays tiny droplets of ink on paper.

kiosk A freestanding input/output device that uses a touch screen for the input of information requests and then displays feedback on the same screen.

laser printer A type of nonimpact printer that uses heat to transfer and attach toner from a drum to paper.

liquid crystal display A flat-panel monitor that creates an image when liquid crystals become



(LCD) electronically charged.

male connector A plug on the end of a cable with one or more exposed pins.

modem An input/output device that sends and receives messages through telephone lines.

multidevice port A port such as small computer system interface (SCSI) or universal serial bus (USB), which can connect multiple peripherals through a single port.

nonimpact printer An output device that prints images without striking the paper in any way, such as by spraying ink or transferring toner with heat.

parallel port A port that moves data bits in groups simultaneously. These ports are largely obsolete now, replaced by high-speed USB ports.

peripheral A hardware device that is separate from the computer case but can be connected to it.

photo printer A type of nonimpact printer that produces small, high-quality color photographs captured with a digital camera or an image scanner.

pixel One tiny spot in a grid of thousands of spots used to form an image on a computer screen or on paper.

plotter An output device that uses robotic arms to produce large images such as blueprints or engineering drawings.

plug and play A technology that allows new devices to be added to the computer through ports, where the device is then recognized by the operating system. Prior to this technology, a computer would require rebooting after a device was added.

pointing device Any of a number of input devices that allows the user to control the cursor on the screen. Examples include the mouse, touchpad, TrackPoint, and joystick.

port A place, often on the back of a desktop or the side of a laptop, where a connection is made between two devices so that they can work together and exchange information.

resolution The degree of image sharpness displayed on a computer monitor, measured by the number of pixels on the screen.

RGB An abbreviation for red-green-blue, a common way to express how colors are displayed. An RGB monitor offers much greater color definition than a



non-RGB monitor.

serial port A port that moves data one bit at a time.

toner (or ink) cartridge Replacement cartridges for inkjet and laser printers.

touchpad A type of mouse input device (most commonly found on laptop computers) with a small, pressure-sensitive pad. You use it by moving your finger around the pad. Also called a trackpad.

touch screen A pressure-sensitive screen that accepts input via the press of a finger.

trackball A type of mouse input device with a ball on top. You use it by rolling the ball with your finger.

USB (universal serial bus) A standard input and output connection for many modern peripherals.




Bibliography: PeripheralsThe following sources were used in the preparation of this lesson and may be useful for your reference or as classroom resources. We check and update the URLs annually to ensure that they continue to be useful.

PrintWhite, Ron. How Computers Work, 9th ed. Indianapolis, IN: Que Publishing, 2007.

OnlineAgarwal, Amit. “A Visual Guide to Cables and Connectors.” Digital Inspiration, July 22, 2012, http://www.labnol.org/gadgets/visual-guide-to-computer-cables-connectors/ (accessed May 20, 2016).

“CD-ROM.” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-ROM (accessed May 20, 2016).

“DVD.” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD (accessed May 20, 2016).

“Floppy Disk.” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk (accessed May 20, 2016).

“High-Definition Video.” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_video (accessed May 20, 2016).

“USB Flash Drive.” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive (accessed May 20, 2016).


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