€¦ · web viewsubject . topic . summary . execution . hindi . जानवरों के...
TRANSCRIPT
Study Material of 6/7/2020
For Class Nursery to XII
Class Nursery
Subject
Topic
Execution
English
· Practice book pg 25
· Do in the book
Math
· Numbers 40
· Write in the copy
Bengali
· খালি জায়গা ভরোঃ Worksheet
· Check WhatsApp
Hindi
· Letter ठ – 4 lines
· Write in copy
Class KG I
Subject
Topic
Execution
English
· Write
· Write in copy
Math
· Reading Book: Pg 144 Greater than
· Do in the book
Bengali
· ঈ – কার যোগে ৫টি শব্দ লেখঃ
· Write in the copy
Hindi
· तिन वर्णो के 5 शब्द लिखो-
· Worksheet
Computer
· Pg 20, 21 Exercise: C,D
· Answer (Do in the book)
Class KG II
Subject
Topic
Execution
Computer
· Pg 24 Exercise D
· Pg 25 Exercise A, B
· Answer: (write in the book)
D 1. C. Swim
2. C. prepare bills
3. C. Railway stations
· Do it by yourself in the book
English
· a/An – worksheet
· Check WhatsApp
Math
· Ordinal numbers Video
· Check WhatsApp for the video
Science (Term I)
· Pg 129 (Mango)
· Our National Fruit is Mango. Join the dots and colour the picture of Mango. Do in the book.
Class I
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Hindi
जानवरों के नाम
From UT 1 syllabus
बाघ, शेर, चीता, बिल्ली, कुत्ता, गाय ,घोड़ा,हाथी
Bengali
বিষয়–বাংলা
বই– ★★★
বিষয়–মাত্রা
ঊ- কার যুক্ত বানান
ক + ঊ = কূ , কূপ /
ধ + ঊ = ধূ , ধূপ /
প + ঊ = পূ , পূজা /
দ + ঊ = দূ , দূর /
ভ + ঊ = ভূ ,ভূমি /
স + ঊ = সূ , সূতা /
চ + ঊ = চূ , চূড়া /
ন + ঊ = নূ , নূতন /
র + ঊ = রূ , রূপ /
ম + ঊ = মূ , মূলা /
Maths
Chapter 6
Done
Do page 223 no. 1(add)
In your copy
EVS
Chapter 9
Done
1. Write three good manners at home.
Ans:-
1. Get up early in the morning .
2. Brush your teeth twice daily.
3. Always throw waste in the dustbin.
English 2 orchid
Mother’s love
Done
Learn what ever done
Class II
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Eng literature
Ch 2 Friendship
Refer to pg 18
Write the question and answers in the school copy and learn them.
Ex C} Answer the following questions.
Q 1} Who were the four friends?
Ans. The four friends were the mouse, the tortoise, the crow and the deer.
Eng language
Ch 13 Adverbs
Refer to pg 63
Do in the book and learn
Ex c} Add ly or ily to the adjectives in the brackets.
1. The music played so softly ( soft )that we could hardly hear it.
2. She completed the homework easily. (easy)
3. I will return your book immediately. (immediately)
EVS
Ch 8 Safety First
Reer to pg 141
Write the question and answers in the school copy and learn them.
Ex E} Answer the questions
Qs 1. Which rules should you follow to avoid accidents?
Ans. We should follow safety rules to avoid accidents.
Qs 2. Why should you not touch electric wires?
Ans. We may get an electric shock if we touch electric wires.
General knowledge
Ch 10 Founders of religions
Refer to pg 14
Do in the book and learn the names of the founder with their religions.
Founder
Religion
1.Lord Rama
2.Gautam Buddha
3.Prophet Mohammad
4.Guru Nanak Dev
5.Jesus Christ
6. Lord Mahavira
1.Hinduism
2.Buddhism
3.Islam
4.Sikkhism
5.Christianity
6.Jainism
Bengali
বিষয়– বিষয়–রচনা
রচনা–জলইজীবন
জলইজীবন
জলের অপর নাম জীবন। জল ছাড়া মানুষ জীবজন্তু পশুপাখি এমনকি গাছপালাও জীবিত থাকতে পারে না। জলের কোন আকার নেই, রং নেই। যে পাত্রে রাখা হয় জল সেই পাত্রের আকার নেয়। সব সময় বিশুদ্ধ জল পান করা উচিত। জলযাতে কোনভাবে দূষিত না হয় আমাদের সেই দিকে নজর রাখতে হবে।
★ রচনাটি মুখস্থ করে লেখা অভ্যাস করতে হবে।
Hindi
Chapter 8खीर की दावत
इस कविता में सभी जीवो और मनुष्यों केबीच के परस्पर प्रेम को दर्शाया गया है। इस कविता में एक बिल्ली है, जिसका नाम लाली है। उसे दूध और दही बहुत पसंद है और वह कटोरी भर कर सब चट कर जाती है।एक दिन माँने खीर पकाई थी। जब लाली को उसकी खुशबू आई तो वह दबे पांव आकर सारे खीर को चट कर गई, सब खा गई।जबवह खीर खाकर जाने लगी तब मां की नजर उस पर पड़ी और माँने जब उसको गुस्से से देखा तो लाली डरकर कांपने लगी और बोलने लगी कि मैंने तो आपसे पूछा था मैं आऊं मैं आऊं करके पर आपने तो तभी मुझे रोका नहीं, तो फिर उसने माँ से माफी मांग ली और बोली कि मैं हमेशा पूछ कर ही आऊंगी।
**** Read the poem
Mathematics
PATTERN
A pattern is a series or sequence that repeats. Math patterns are sequences that repeat based on a rule, and a rule is a set way to calculate or solve a problem.
Example 1:
Bholu has eaten a part of the shawl of Binni’s mother.
Look at the picture and help Binni in matching which piece is of the same pattern.
Answer:
Question 1:
Look at the patterns and fill up the boxes.
Answer:
Class III
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Eng language
Ch 19 Adverbs
Refer to pg 68
Do in the book.
In thia chapter we will learn 3 types of adverbs-
i.Adverbs of manner
ii.Adverbs of place
iii.Adlverbs of time.
Adverbs that tells us the manner of an action that is the way it happened is called the adverbs of manner.
Eg. The baby slept soundly.
In this sentence the word slept is the action word that is the verb, and soundly is the adverb as it is telling us how the baby slept, in other words the manner in which the baby slept.
Ex B. Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs to tell us how the action took place.
loudly,gently, quietly,brightly, beautifully.
1. The children talked gently.
1. My mother could not hear me. So I spoke loudly.
1. The sun was shinningbrightly.
1. The teacher was happy. The children was sitting quietly.
1. Shreya sang beautifully and won the contest.
**homework-
Do ex B fromqs 6 to 10 in your book.
Hindi 6/7/20
Chapter 1 चलमरदानेकविता
इस कविता के द्वारा कवि हमें यह बताना चाहते हैं कि हमें अपने जीवन को स्वाभिमान के साथ जीना चाहिए। निडर व्यक्ति ही अपने मंजिल तक पहुंचते हैं, और जीवन उसी का है जो मुश्किलों से नहीं घबराता।
इस कविता में कवि कह रहे हैं कि सभी बहादुर भारतवासियों अपना सीना ताने चलिए ,हाथ हिलाते ,पाँव बढ़ाते, मुस्काते गीत गाते चलिए
हमारा देश, हमारा वेश हमारी जाति, हमारा मुकाम सब एक है हम किसी से डरे हुए नहीं हैं।
कवि कह रहे हैं कि हमारा भारत अमर है, उनकी सागर की लहरें अनोखी है, गंगा जमुना का पानी पवित्र है हमारे पर्वतों ने अपने सिर को ऊंचा उठाए रखा है वह सबके लिए प्रेरक, रक्षक और दोस्त के समान है। और कवि यह संदेश देना चाहते हैं कि जो इस संसार के पथ पर ना रुकेगा, ना झुकेगा और ना ही मुड़ेगा उसी की जीत होगी। जो किसी परेशानी से नहीं डरेगा वही जीत पाएगा इसीलिए हमे शा हंसते- मुस्कुराते गीत गाते रहना चाहिए और चुनौतियों से कभी डरना नहीं चाहिए।
**** Read the poem
Science
Ch – Food we get from Plants
Parts of plants used as food
We get vegetables from the stems, leaves, roots and flowers of some plants.
Flowers: We eat flowers of some plants such as cauliflower and broccoli.
Leaves: We eat the leaves of some plants such as spinach and cabbage.
Stems: We eat the stems of some plants such as potato and sugarcane.
Roots: We eat the roots of some plants such as carrot and radish.
Question & answers
2. Why is a pumpkin plant called a creeper?
Ans. Pumpkin plants have very weak stems and grow along the ground. So, they are called creepers.
বিষয়-বাংলা
বই– বাংলা ভাষাপরিচয়
পাঠ– ৭
বিষয় - লিঙ্গ
লিঙ্গ পরিবর্তন করো (পুংলিঙ্গ থেকে স্ত্রীলিঙ্গ)
সভ্য – সভ্যা শিষ্য – শিষ্যা নবীন – নবীনা প্রবীণ – প্রবীনা তনয় – তনয়া প্রথম - প্রথমা
মহাশয় – মহাশয়া জীবিত – জীবিতা দেব – দেবী পুত্র – পুত্রী ছাত্র – ছাত্রী দাস – দাসী
পাত্র – পাত্রী কুমার - কুমারী
MATHEMATICS
Ch: 8
Money
Subtraction of money
Exercise – 47
Subtraction:
2. Rs.P
76 08
- 48 39
3. Rs. P
55 20
- 27 46
27 69
27 74
Subtract
5. Rs. 19.03 from Rs. 86.81 7. 55P from Rs. 1.00
5. Rs.
8 6 . 8 1
- 1 9 . 0 3
7. Rs.
1 . 0 0
- 0 . 5 5
6 7 . 7 8
0 . 4 5
11. Surajit bought a book for Rs.35.15 and a pen for Rs.12.90. He gave a 50-rupee note to the book seller. How much money would the book seller return?
· Solution:
Cost of the book = Rs.35.15 Now, Surajit gave = Rs.50.00
Cost of the pen = + Rs.12.90 Cost of book and pen = - Rs.48.05
Cost of book and pen Rs.48.05 Money return = Rs.01.95
The book seller return Rs.1.95.
12. Seema wants to buy a powder pack costing Rs.35.80, toothpaste tube costing Rs.20.05 and a tooth brush costing Rs.25.35. She has only 100-rupee note with her. How much money will she need or save?
· Solution:
Cost of powder pack = Rs.35.80 Sheemahas = Rs.100.00
Cost of tooth paste = Rs.20.05 Total expenses=- Rs. 81.20
Cost of tooth brush = + Rs.25.35 Save = Rs.18.80
Total expenses = Rs. 81.20
She will save Rs.18.80.
Social studies
Indian literature
Explained in the last lesson.
Answer the following:
1. What is Panchatantra?
Ans: Panchatantra is an Indian collection of fables arranged in the form of stories.
2. What type of stories are Jataka Tales?
Ans: Jataka Tales are short and educational tales.
3. Define the term 'epic'.
Ans: An epic is a long poem narrating the deeds of some heroic figures of the past.
Class IV
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
English language
Verbs ll: Past participle and perfect tenses
Past participle:
Most verbs, as we have already seen, have four different forms. They can also have a fifth form, known as the past participle.
Example:
The word begin when it changes into past tense it becomes began. When the word began is changed into past participle, it becomes begun.
Beginbegan begun.
Base. Past past
Form tense. Participle
Bitebit bitten.
(See the table in page 34)
Uses of the participle:
It can be used as an adjective.
It can be used with other helping verbs to form different tenses.
Solved exercises (page 36, ex A)
Name the tenses of the underlined verbs:
1.has – present tense
Finished, gave – past tense
Is working – present continuous tense
Will be working – future continuous tense
Finishes – present tense
Will have learnt – future tense
Will – future tense
Forget – present tense
2. met – past tense
Had been – past tense
Had returned – past tense
Was trying – past continuous tense.
3. Will be – future tense.
4. appeared – past tense
Had gone – past tense
Heard – past tense
Rushed – past tense
Found – past tense
Had fallen – past tense
Was lying –past continuous tense.
Was sitting – past continuous tense
Had – past tense
Stumbled – past tense
Had hurt -past tense.
Homework:
Do page 36, ex A, numbers 5, 6, 7, 8.
Social studies
Map reading
Answer the following:
1. What is a map?
Ans: A Map is a flat drawing on a paper that indicates location of an area.
2. What is the biggest drawback of studying maps?
Ans: A map helps us to see the whole world, continents, countries, cities and neighborhood.
3. How are directions usually shown on a map?
Ans: On a map, the top shows North, the bottom is South, East is on the right and West lies on the left.
বিষয়–বাংলা
বই–বাংলাভাষাপরিচয়
বিষয়–রচনা
পাতা - ১৭৪
রচনা–রবীন্দ্রনাথঠাকুর
রবীন্দ্রনাথঠাকুর
আমাদের কাছে জেনে কবিগুরু নামে খ্যাত তিনি হলেন রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর। বিশ্বসাহিত্যে রবীন্দ্রনাথ বিশ্ববরেণ্য। তাকে বিশ্বকবি-ও বলা হয় । জোড়াসাঁকোর ঠাকুর পরিবারের রবীন্দ্রনাথের জন্ম হয় ১২৬৮ বঙ্গাব্দের ২৫ শে বৈশাখ, ইংরেজি ১৮৬১ খ্রিস্টাব্দের ৭ই মে। তার পিতার নাম মহর্ষি দেবেন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর এবং মায়ের নাম সারদা দেবী।
রবীন্দ্রনাথ বাল্যকালে ওরিয়েন্টাল সেমিনারি স্কুলে কিছুদিন পড়াশোনা করেছিলেন। কিন্তু স্কুলের প্রথাগত যান্ত্রিক পরিবেশ তার ভালো লাগত না। তবে পিতা দেবেন্দ্রনাথ- এর নির্দেশে গৃহশিক্ষকের কাছে বাড়িতে পড়াশোনা করে তিনি বিভিন্ন বিষয়ে জ্ঞান লাভ করেছিলেন।তিনি রচনা করেছিলেন প্রভাত সঙ্গীত ,, সন্ধ্যা সঙ্গীত, কড়িও কোমল, ভানুসিংহের পদাবলী, চিত্রা, চৈতালি ইত্যাদি অসংখ্য কাব্যগ্রন্থ। গীতাঞ্জলি লিখে আর তার ইংরেজি অনুবাদ করে তিনি ১৯১৩ খ্রিস্টাব্দে নোবেল পুরস্কার পান ।এছাড়াছোটগল্প, নাটক ,প্রবন্ধ ,গান লিখেও তিনি অসামান্য খ্যাতি অর্জন করেন।রবীন্দ্রনাথ বোলপুরের শান্তিনিকেতন একটি বিদ্যালয় স্থাপন করেন।ওই বিদ্যালয়ে বর্তমানে বিশ্বভারতী নামে খ্যাত। আমাদের দেশের জাতীয় সংগীত বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় সংগীত তার রচনা ।তিনি সর্বযুগের সর্বকালের কবি।১৯৪১ খ্রিস্টাব্দের ৭ ই আগস্ট এই মহাকবির মহাপ্রয়াণ ঘটে। কিন্তু আমাদের জীবনে তার উপস্থিতি প্রকৃতি পক্ষেই অনস্বীকার্য।
Hindi 2ndlang
सर्वनाम
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में सर्वनाम सुनकर उनके भी दो के नाम लिखिए।
1. मुझे कुछ काम करना है।
2. आप कहां जा रहे हैं?
3. जो लंबा लड़का है वह मेरा दोस्त है।
4. मेरा बस्ता भारी हो गया है।
5. मैं अपना काम स्वयं करता हूं।
6. वहां कौन आया है ?
7. वह मेरी बहन है।
8. कोई तुमसे मिलने आया है।
उत्तर
1. कुछ -अनिश्चय वाचक सर्वनाम
2. कहां- प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
3. जो, वह- संबंध वाचक सर्वनाम
4. मेरा -निजवाचकसर्वनाम
5. मै-निजवाचक
6. कौन – प्रश्नवाचक
7. वह-निश्चय वाचक
8. कोई-अनिश्चय वाचक
Science
Ch – The Food We Eat
Vitamins and Minerals:
Foods rich in vitamins and minerals are called protective foods. Our body needs vitamins and minerals in very small quantities. They help our body to stay healthy and fight against diseases.
There are various types of vitamins and minerals. Vitamin A, B, C, D, E and K are some types of vitamins that our body needs.
Examples of some minerals are calcium, sodium, potassium, iron and Iodine. Calcium helps the body to build healthy bones and teeth. Iron helps the body to form blood.
Sources of vitamins and minerals – Fruits, green leafy vegetables, sprouted pulses are rich sources of vitamins and minerals.
Book’s exercise
B. Fill in the blanks:
3. Calcium helps the body to build healthy bones and teeth.
4. Vitamin A is good for eyesight and skin.
5. Sugar, salt and oil are used as preservatives.
COMPUTER
FORMATTING IN MS WORD
C. FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. HOME
2. FONT
3. FORMATTING
4. LEFT
5. JUSTIFY
D. MATCH THE FOLLOWING
1.ITALIC
c) COMPUTER
2.UNDERLINE
a) COMPUTER
3.BOLD
b) COMPUTER
4.SENTENCE CASE
g) FIRST CHARACTER IN THE SENTENCE IS IN UPPER CASE AND THE REST ARE IN LOWER CASE.
5.LOWER CASE
f) ALL THE CHARACTERS ARE IN LOWER CASE
6.UPPER CASE
e) ALL THE CHARACTERS ARE IN UPPER CASE
7.TITLE CASE
d) FIRST CHARACTER OF EACH WORD IS CAPITAL AND REST ARE SMALL
E. WRITE TRUE OR FALSE
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE
Class V
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Science
Ch – Plant Reproduction
Dispersal of seeds:
As we know that plants cannot move from one place to another. If all seeds fall and germinate near the parent plant, they will not get enough sunlight, air, water and minerals from the soil to grow, also many seedlings will not survive. The process of scattering of seeds or fruit away from the parent plant is called dispersal. Seeds get dispersed from the parent plant to far-off places by wind, water, animals or explosion (bursting open) of fruits. Therefore they are called agents of dispersal.
Questions & answers
5. Define dispersal. List the various ways in which seeds get dispersed.
Ans. The process of scattering of seeds or fruits away from the parent plant is known as dispersal.
Seeds get dispersed by wind, water, animals and explosion.
English language
Kinds of phrases
Meaning of Adverb Phrases:
A phrase which does the work of an adverb is an Adverb phrase.
Example:
Tarun followed the doctor’s advice with utmost care.
The play will begin in about an hour.
Adverb phrases are based on manner (how), time (when), place (where), reason (why) and conditions (whether).
Solved exercises:
Pick out the adverb phrases from the following sentences: (page 52)
1. with great care.
2. Was waiting.
3. On the wind- swept beach.
4. Something in a hurry.
5. as fast as the wind.
6. at the top of his voice, because of the loud music.
7. in the hall.
Social studies
Indian Government
Answer the following:
1. What are the three levels at which Indian government operates?
Ans: The three levels at which Indian government operates are Central Government, State Government and Local Government.
2. What are the three parts of the Central Government?
Ans: The three parts of the Central Government are Legislative, Executive and Judiciary.
3. How are members of the Rajya Sabha elected?
Ans: The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the MLAs or members of the legislative Assembly.
4. Who ensures that laws are properly executed in the State?
Ans: Governor and Chief Minister ensures that laws are properly executed in the State.
5. How does Election Commission conduct elections in India?
Ans: The Election Commission of India conducts the elections in India in a planned manner. It sets the dates for elections, gives necessary information conducts elections, counts the votes and announces the results.
COMPUTER
ALGORITHM AND FLOWCHART
Q6) Write an algorithm to find square of a number.
Solution:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Take one number
Step 3: Find square of the number using formula, square = number * number
Step 4: Stop
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Flowchart
2. Processing
3. An Algorithm
4. Flow lines
5. Decision
D. True or False
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
E. Draw the symbols that you will use for the instructions given below
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Book – G.K Times
Ch – 3
HelloScientists
1. He was the only Indian scientist to be honored with the Nobel Prize in physics for scientific research carried out exclusively in India.
Ans. CV Raman
2. It is said that he could talk to plant he invented crescograph and instrument that could measure the growth of plants.
Ans. JC Bose
3. He is called the father of Indian space programme . He died in 1971.
Ans. Vikram Sarabhai
4. He is a famous agricultural scientist. he is called the father of Green revolution in India .
Ans. M. S.Swaminathan
5. He was called the Milkman of India . he was founder of Amul Dairy in Anand Gujarat.
Ans. Verghesekurien
6. It is said his eyes were on the stars. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1983.
Ans. S. Chandrashekhar
7. He was called the Missile man of India he became the President of India.
Ans.APJ Abdul Kalam
MATHEMATICS
Ch: Common Fractions
Division of fractional numbers by a fractional number
Exercise – 36
Division:
5.
· Solution: = =
7.
· Solution: = = =
9.
· Solution: = 2
12.
· Solution:
13.
· Solution:
14.
· Solution:
15.
· Solution:
Class VI
SUBJECT
TOPIC
SUMMARY
EXECUTION
English literature
In the bazaars of Hyderabad- Sarojini Naidu
Through the poem In The Bazaars of Hyderabad Sarojini wanted to convey the message that India is rich in tradition and they don’t need the foreign products. So, she goes on to give a picture of a bazaar where traditional Indian products are ruling.
The poem is in the form of questions and answers. The poet asks the questions and the merchants answer them. Through this technique she make the picture of the bazaar visible to us.
Answer the following questions:
5. What are girdles and scabbards?
Girdles is a belt or cord worn round the wait and scabbards are sheath for the blade of a sword or dagger, typically made of leather or metal.
6. How many colours are mentioned in the poem?
There are nine colours mentioned in the poem. Such as
Silver, crimson, purple, blue, azure,red,gold,amber,white.
7. What kind of an instrument is a sarangi? What is a cithar?
The sarangi is a short-necked string instrument of North India, played with a bow.Cithar is an ancient Greek stringed musical instrument, which could be considered a forerunner of the guitar. They are musical instrument.
8. What does 'aeons' mean?
Aeons means an undefined and very long period of time.
9. What is a chaplet?
Chaplet is a garland or circlet for a person's head. Or crowns for the brow of a bridegroom.
BENGALI(2ND LANGUAGE)
পশুপাখিরভাষা
সুবিনয়রায়চৌধুরী
1) প্রানীজগতের বা মানুষের ভাষার প্রয়োজন হয় কেন?
উঃ- একেঅপরেরমনেরভাবপ্রকাশেরজন্যওপরস্পরপরস্পরকেবোঝারজন্যভাষারপ্রয়োজনহয়।
2) হাতি কীভাবে মাহুতের কথা শুনে চলে?
উ- মাহুত বিশেষ কিছু শব্দ ব্যবহার করে যে শব্দ গুলি হাতি জানে যেমন যদি মাহুত বলে ‘বৈঠ’ অর্থাৎ ‘বস’। ‘তেরে’ মানে ‘কাত হও’,
‘ভোরি’ মানে ‘পিছনে যাও’ , ‘মাইল’ মানে ‘সাবধান’। এই ধরনের শব্দগুলির মাধ্যমে হাতি মাহুতের কথা মেনে চলে।
3) কীভাবে বুঝবে কুকুর ঝগড়া করছে বা কাঁদছে?
উঃ- কুকুর ঝগড়া যখন করে তখন ‘ঘেউ- ঘেউ’ করে আবার যখন কাঁদে তখন কুকুর ‘কেঁউ- কেঁউ’ শব্দ করে।
4)ক্যাস্টং সাহেব ভাষা নিয়ে গবেষণার পর কী বলেছেন?
উঃ- তিনি বলেন ভালো করে লক্ষ্য করলে পশুদের মনের বিভিন্ন আওয়াজ গুলি বেশ স্পষ্ট করে বোঝা যায়। আর আওয়াজ গুলি নকল করতে পারলে পশুদের সঙ্গে ভাব পাতানো সহজ হয়। সেই সব পশুরা আস্তে আস্তে পোষ মেনে যায়।
Hindi 2nd lang
फलो की चौपाल
सभी धर्मों का पहला साधन शरीर है इसलिए शरीर का स्वस्थ रहना परम आवश्यक है। यदि शरीर स्वस्थ नहीं हो तो मंडी स्वस्थ नहीं रह सकता इसलिए शरीर को स्वस्थ रखना हमारा कर्तव्य है यह ठीक रखने का सबसे आसान तरीका है फल खाना।
जिस तरह यहां कहानी में भी फलो कि महत्व को स्वयंफलो ने ही बताया है ।कुछ बच्चे मिलकर फल बनते हैं और एक करके अपनी किरदार की गुणवत्ता का बखानकरते हैं। जैसे केला,आम,अमरुद,अंगुर, सेब,नासपाती, मूली,गाजर आदिसभी ने अपनी गुणवत्ता को बताया और शरीर को किन किन चीजों से नुकसान होता है यह भी बताया इसे खाने से पहले हमें साफ सफाई का ध्यान रखना चाहिए।
शब्दार्थ –
चौपाल- खुली हुई बैठक
निर्देश-आज्ञा
रति भर -जरा सा
आरोप-दोस देना, इल्जाम
रोय –शरीर के बाल
नेत्र ज्योति -आंखों की रोशनी
अवशेष-बचा हुआ
घातक- भयानक चोट पहुंचाने वाला
जीवाणु -किटाणु
फायदे मंद- लाभदायक
स्पष्टीकरण -किसी बात को सरल करके समझाने की क्रिया
MATHS
Numbers
H.C.F. and L.C.M.
What is Highest common Factor (H.C.F.) ?
Ans: H.C.F. stands for highest common factor, and the H.C.F. of two or more given numbers is the greatest number that completely divides each of the given numbers.
Example :
Factor of 12 = 1, 2,3,4,6,12 and Factor of 18 = 1,2,3,6,9 and 18.
From the above result, we find the highest common factor =6
By the number 6 , both the numbers 12 and 18 completely divide.
Therefore, H.C.F. of 12 and 18 =6
There are three methods of finding H.C.F.
(i)Common Factor Method
(ii)Prime Factor Method
(iii)Division Method.
What is Lowest Common Multilpe(L.C.M.) ?
Ans : L.C.M. stands for Lowest Common Multiple. The L.C.M. of two or more given numbers is the lowest (smallest) number that is a multiple of each of the given numbers.Thus, it is the smallest number which is exactly divisible by each of the given numbers.
Example :
Multiple of 5 = 5, 10,15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45....
Multiple of 15 = 15, 30, 45, 60....
Therefore, Common multiples of 5 and 15 = 15,30,45....
Therefore, L.owest common multiple of 5 and 15 =15
Therefore, L.C.M. of 5 and 15 = 15
There are three methods of finding L.C.M.
(i)Common Multiple method
(ii)Prime Factor method
(iii)Common Division method.
COMPUTER
MS EXCEL 2013-INTRODUCTION
SAVING AND CLOSING FILES
We can save our excel worksheets anytime while writing or at end after completing.
The steps to save files are:
1. Click on the save button on the Quick Access Toolbar to open the Save As dialog box.
2. Click on the File name box and type name for the file.
3. To save the file in a specific folder, double click on the chosen folder.
4. Click Save.
We can close our worksheets any time. Closing a worksheet does not mean it closes the Excel window.
The steps are:
1. Click on the File tab
2. Click Close
Read and understand the summary part.
PHYSICS
Force
Advantages of friction:
1. Friction enables us to walk freely.
2. It helps to support ladder against wall.
3. It becomes possible to transfer one form of energy to another.
4. Objects can be piled up without slipping.
5. Breaks of vehicles work due to friction
15.What is the cause of friction ?
The cause of friction is the interlocking of the irregular projections on the two surfaces in contact.
16.State two factors which directly affect the force of friction.
Two factors which directly affect the force of friction are :
1. The smoothness of the surface.
2. The presence of solid, liquid or gas around the moving body.
17.In which case will there be more friction between the truck and the road : when the truck is empty or when it is loaded ?
When the truck is loaded there will be more friction between the truck and the road.
18.Which offers more friction on a body : a glass surface or a wooden surface ?
Wooden surface offers move friction on a body.
19.Name the three kinds of friction.
Friction is of three kinds :
1. Static friction
2. Sliding friction,
3. Rolling friction
CHEMISTRY
Chapter – Common Laboratory Apparatus and equipments
Question-4
Write true or false against the following statements and correct the false ones.
(a) A glass funnel is used to pour off liquids.(b) A test tube is used to test liquid chemicals.(c) A mortar and pestle is used for evaporation.(d) A glass rod is used to stir solutions.(e) A round-bottom flask is used to store chemicals.
(a) True(b) FalseCorrect: A test tube is used to test chemicals and for heating and boiling purposes.(c) FalseCorrect: Mortar and pestle is used to grind and crush solid substances into powder.(d) True(e) FalseCorrect: A REAGENT bottle is used to store chemicals.
Class VII
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Hindi 2ndlang
रिश्वत फंड
प्रत्येक मनुष्य संपन्न होता है क्योंकि उसके पास शरीर के रूप में एक भवन, दांतो के रूप में 32 नौकर और पांच इंद्रियों के रूप में पांच सेविकाएंहोती है।समय के साथ साथ सभी साथ छोड़ कर चले जाते हैं तब मनुष्य गरीब हो जाता है यह सभी नौकर निस्वार्थ भाव से हमारा कार्य करते हैं जब मनुष्य बूढ़ा हो जाता है तब यह सभी नौकर साथ छोड़ कर चले जाते हैं बूढ़े मनुष्य का इस समाज में रहना बहुत मुश्किल होता है उसे पेंशन के लिए इधर उधर भटक ना पड़ता है बिना रिश्वत के कोई काम नहीं होता है।
आज हमारे देश में भी काफी भ्रष्टाचार कुछ इसी तरह फैला हुआ है जो इस कहानी में दिखाया गया है अपने पेंशन के लिए न जाने कितने बुजुर्ग आज भीरिश्वत ना देने पाने की वजह से वह आज भी दफ्तरों के चक्कर काटते नजर आते हैं।यही आज की कहानी में लिखा हुआ है किस तरह बुजुर्ग ने बच्चों को एक नई सीख दी ।
CHEMISTRY
Chapter –Physical and Chemical Changes
Pg-25
2. State whether the following are physical or chemical changes.
1. glowing of a bulb
2. burning of sugar
3. heating of water
4. growing of a piglet into a pig
5. burning of wood
6. passing electric current through a heater rod
7. water cycle in nature
8. respiration in living beings
9.shaping a piece of glass
10. lightning
11. (energy produced) dissolving sugar in water
12. heating a mixture of iron filings and sulphur
13. mixing oil with water
14. cutting wood into small pieces
15. photosynthesis
16. Digestion of food
17. Melting of wax
18. Boiling of an egg
19. Slaking of lime
Ans –
1. glowing of a bulb — physical change,
2. burning of sugar — chemical change,
3. heating of water — physical change,
4. growing of a piglet into a pig — chemical change,
5. burning of wood — chemical change,
6. Passing electric current through a heater rod — physical change.
7. water cycle in nature — physical change,
8. respiration in living beings — chemical change,
9. shaping a piece of glass — physical change,
10. lightning — chemical change,
11. (energy produced) dissolving sugar in water — physical change,
12. Heating a mixture of iron filings and sulphur—chemical change.
13. Mixing oil with water — physical change.
14. cutting wood into small pieces — physical change,
15. Photosynthesis — chemical change.
16. Digestion of food — chemical change.
17. Melting of wax — physical change.
18. Boiling of an egg — chemical change.
19. Slaking of lime — chemical change.
বিষয়–বাংলা
বই–বাংলাভাষাঅন্বেষা
বিষয়–রচনা
পাতা–১৩৪
রচনা–রাজারামমোহনরায়
রাজারামমোহন রায়
ভারতবর্ষের ইতিহাসের স্রষ্টা হিসেবে রাজা রামমোহন রায়ের স্থান সর্বাগ্রে।তিনি ছিলেন এদেশের নবজাগরণের পথিকৃৎ।
১৭৭২ খ্রিস্টাব্দের২২শেমে রামমোহন রায় জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তাঁর পিতার নাম ছিলরামকান্ত রায় মাতা হলেন তারিণী দেবী ।
তিনি বাল্যকালে রাধানগর গ্রামে সংস্কৃত আরবি-ফারসি প্রাথমিক শিক্ষা লাভ করেন ।কিশোর বয়সে তিনি পাটনায় গিয়ে আরবি ও ফারসি ভাষা ভালোভাবে শেখেন। তারপর কাশিতে গিয়ে তিনি সংস্কৃত ভাষা ও বেদান্ত শাস্ত্র চর্চা করেন। রামমোহন রায় মাত্র ২৩ বছর বয়সে উর্দু এবং ইংরেজি ভাষায় ব্যুৎপত্তি লাভ করেন।
মাত্র ১৬ বছর বয়সে রামমোহনের ধর্ম বিষয়ে মতবিরোধ হয়। পৌত্তলিকতার বিরোধী হওয়ায় তিনি বাড়ি ছেড়ে চলে যান। রামমোহন রায়ের কর্মজীবন ছিল বহুমুখী। সমাজসংস্কার, শিক্ষাসংস্কার, ধর্মসংস্কার, গ্রন্থ রচনা ও সাময়িকপত্র পরিচালনা প্রভৃতি তাঁর প্রধান কর্মধারা।
সমাজেরকুপ্রথাগুলিকেদূর করার জন্য রামমোহন সচেষ্ট হন । তারসময়ে মৃত স্বামীর চিতায় সহমরণ প্রথাপ্রচলিত ছিল।তিনিআন্দোলন করে গভর্নর জেনারেল লর্ড বেন্টিং এর সহায়তায় আইনের মাধ্যমে সতীদাহ প্রথা রদ করেন। তিনি বেদান্তের ওপর ভিত্তি করে আত্মীয় সভা স্থাপন করেছিলেন ।এই আত্মীয় সভা ছিল ব্রাহ্ম সমাজের ভিত্তি , এইব্রাম্ভসমাজইপরেব্রাহ্ম ধর্ম প্রচারে উদ্যোগী হয়। দিল্লির বাদশাহ দ্বিতীয় আকবর সাহেব বিশেষ প্রতিনিধি হয়ে রামমোহন রায় লন্ডন গিয়েছিলেন। বাদশাহ তাকে দিয়েছিলেন রাজা উপাধি।১৮৩৩ খ্রিষ্টাব্দের ২৭ সেপ্টেম্বর তিনি শেষ নিঃশ্বাস ত্যাগ করেন।আধুনিক ভারতবর্ষের উন্নয়নের মূলে ছিলেন রামমোহন রায়ের প্রেরণা। এইজন্য রবীন্দ্রনাথ তাকে আখ্যা দিয়েছিলেন ভারত পথিক।
Mathematics (vii)
Number System
Decimal Fraction
Study Item : Some solved sums from exercise – 4(B)
1)Add :
(ii) 3.8 and 8.7
Solution : 3.8
+ 8.7
12.5
(vi) 3.007 , 0.587 and 18.311
Solution : 3.007
0.587
+18.341
21.935
2)Subtract the first number from the second.
(i) 5.4 , 9.8
Solution : 9.8
-5.4
4.4
(v) 2.237 , 9.425
Solution : 9.425
-2.237
7.188
3) Simplify :
(i) 28.796 – 13.42 – 2.555
Solution : 28.796 – (13.420 + 2.555)
= 28.796 – 15.975
= 12.821
(iv) 86 + 16.95 – 3.0042
Solution : (86 + 16.95) – 3.0042
= 102.95 – 3.0042
=102.9500 – 3.0042
=99.9458
4)Find the difference between 6.85 and 0.685
Solution : The given numbers are 6.85 and 0.685
Therefore, the required result = 6.850 – 0.685
=6.165
5) Take out the sum of 19.38 and 56.025, then subtract it from 200.11
Solution : The sum of 19.38 and 56.025 = 56.025
+19.380
75.405
Therefore, the required result from subtraction
= 200.11 – 75.405
= 200.110
· 75.405
124.705
7) What should be added to 39.587 to give 80.375 ?
Solution : 80.375
- 39.587
40.788
Therefore, 40.788 should be added to 39.587 to give 80.375
9)What is the excess of 584.29 over 213.95 ?
Solution : 584.29
-213.95
370.34
Therefore , 370.34 is the excess of 584.29 over 213.95
10) Evaluate :
(ii) (6.25 + 0.36) – (17.2 – 8.97)
Solution : (6.25 + 0.36) – (17.2 – 8.97)
=(6.61) – (17.20 – 8.97)
=6.61 – 8.23
= - 1.62
(iii) 9.004 + (3 – 2.462)
Solution : 9.004 + (3.000 – 2.462)
= 9.004 + (.538)
= 9.542
12) If A = 237.98 and B = 83.47 Find (i) A – B (II) B – A
Solution : A – B
= 237.98 – 83.47
= 151.51
B – A
= 83.47 – 237.98
=- 151.51
English Language
Prepositions
A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun. It helps to show how the person or thing denoted by the noun is related to something else in the sentence.
Different types of Preposition and their function:
Type
Indicate
Preposition of time
Time
Preposition of place
Position
Preposition of movement
Origin, destination,
Motion, direction
Preposition of manner
Means and manner
Preposition of purpose
Reason and purpose
Exercise D
1. Hard work is the key to success.
2. It’s so cold, the city is enveloped in a thick fog.
3. I agree with you on the assessment of my work.
4. The facts point to a different explanation.
5. Your story is so wild; it is beyond imagination.
6. Luscious berries grew near the lake.
7. She is accomplished in playing football.
8. I am anxious about my results.
9. It is essential to supplement your diet with different vitamins.
10. I was unable to elicit a favorable response from her.
BIOLOGY
Chapter:4: Photosynthesis and Respiration
Today we will discuss about how does photosynthesis occur, end products their utilization and importance of photosynthesis.
Q5. What is photolysis?
· After absorbing sunlight chlorophyll get excited and splits the water molecules into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. This process is known as photolysis.
Q6. What are the end products of photosynthesis and write their utilization also.
i) Glucose: utilized by plants for growth and energy. Extra glucose is converted into starch and sucrose and stored.
ii) Oxygen: major part is released in the atmosphere through stomata. Some part is utilized by plants for its respiration.
iii) Water: reutilized by plants for photosynthesis.
Q7. Name the factors affecting photosynthesis
i) Light: Photosynthesis increases with increase in light but up to a certain limit.
ii) Availability of CO2 and water: Up to a certain limit concentration of CO2 increases photosynthesis.
When enough water is not present, the rate of photosynthesis decreases.
iii) Temperature: Optimum temperature for photosynthesis is between 200 C and 350 C.
Q7. Write importance of photosynthesis.
i) Provide food for all living organizations either directly or indirectly.
ii) By product oxygen is utilized for all living organisms for respiration.
iii) During this process, a balance between O2 and CO2 is maintained in the atmosphere.
Physics (vii)
Motion
What is oscillatory motion?
Ans: When an object as a whole moves to-and-fro about its mean position, it is said to be in oscillatory motion.
What is mean position?
Ans: Mean position is the position when the object is at rest.
Example of oscillatory motion: A swing in motion and a swinging pendulum of a wall clock.
What is vibratory motion?
Ans: If the whole body does not move to-and-fro as a single unit, but some of its parts oscillate about their mean position, it is known as vibratory motion.
Note: Vibratory motion is an effect of oscillatory motion of some parts of an object. Thus, vibratory motion is a special case of oscillatory motion.
Example of vibratory motion :
(i)The motion of strings of a guitar when plucked.
(ii)The motion of the prongs of a tuning fork when hit.
What is Repetitive motion?
Ans: When an object moves such that it repeats its motion after a certain interval of time, it is said to be in repetitive motion.
There are two types of repetitive motion.
(i)Periodic motion and (ii) Non-periodic motion
What is Periodic motion?
Ans: The motion that repeats itself after regular intervals of time is called periodic motion.
Example: (i)The revelation of the earth around the Sun.
(ii)The motion of the pendulum of a wall clock.
What is non-periodic motion?
Ans: The motion that repeats itself but not after regular intervals of time is called non-periodic motion.
Example: (i) swaying of branches of a tree.
(ii)Motion of our lungs during breathing.
(iii)Swinging of our arms and legs while walking.
What is Random motion?
Ans: An object moving with no specific path and frequently changing its direction (and/ or speed) is said to be in a random motion.
Example :(i) A dancing girl who moves in different directions at different speeds.
(ii) A football player moves in different directions during a game of football.
What is combination or multiple motions?
Ans: When an object possesses two or more types of motions at the same time, it is said to have a combination motion or multiple motion.
Example: The earth rotates about its axis (Rotatory motion) in a fixed time interval (periodic motion) and at the same time it revolves around the Sun in a curved path (curvilinear motion) in a fixed time interval (periodic motion).
GEOGRAPHY
AFRICA
BOUNDARIES:
· East: Indian Ocean
· South: Antarctic Ocean
· West : Atlantic Ocean
· North: Europe
· The Strait of Gibraltar connects Europe and Africa through Mediterranean Sea.
· The Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb separates Africa from Arabia.
· The Isthmus of Suez connects Africa with Asia
· The Suez also connects the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea.
POLITICAL DIVISIONS:
(Follow the map in your book page no. 94)
· Most of the country is small in size and population.
· Nigeria is the most populous country.
· South Sudan is the last African country to become independent till date. (2011)
· Rich gold and diamond mines are the main attraction of South Africa.
Challenges faced by Africa:
Harsh climate and rugged relief.
High population growth.
Civil war.
Highest fertility rate.
Lack of industrial development.
Lowest literacy rate.
Epidemics, drought, famine.
Highest infant mortality rate.
MAJOR PHYSICAL DIVISIONS:
(Follow the map in your book page no. 98)
· The plateaus and basins
· The fold mountains
· The rift valleys
· The desert
Q1. Name the following:
1. The piece of land linking Africa to Asia.
2. The last country in the continent to get independence in 2011
A1.
1. The piece of land linking Africa to Asia: The Isthmus of Suez.
2. The last country in the continent to get independence in 2011:South Sudan
Q2. Which is the most populous country of Africa?
A2. Nigeria is the most populous country of Africa.
Q3. What are the main physiographic divisions of Africa?
A3. The main physiographic divisions of Africa are as follows:
a) The plateaus and basins
b) The fold mountains
c) The rift valleys
d) The desert
Class VIII
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Biology
Chapter - : 5: Endocrine System and Adolescence
Today we will discuss about secondary sexual characters in Males and females and some problems related to adolescence.
Q8 Secondary changes at Adolescence.
In Males :
i) Testes start producing testosterone.
ii) Development of testes , penis and scrotum
iii) Testes start producing sperms
iv) Shoulders become broad
v) Facial hair as beard and moustache, hair grows on chest also.
vi) Deep voice
In Female :
i) Ovaries start producing progesterone and oestrogen.
ii) Development of breasts and mammary glands
iii) Release of eggs from ovary , menstruation starts
iv) Area below waist become wide
v) No facial hair , no hair on chest
vi) High pitched voice
Q9. What are the problems arises during adolescence.
i) They become more self conscious
ii) They feel hesitant in sharing problems with others
iii) They have emotional outbursts
iv) They start giving more importance to their friends
v) They search for a unique social identity for themselves
vi) They get attracted towards the opposite sex
vii) They become worried about their future. Sometimes, they develop a temporary stage of depression.
English
Literature
The west wind-
John Mansfield.
In the poem 'The West Wind' by John Masefield, the poet starts by describing, with very poetic imagery of birds, how the west wind is different from other winds 'it's a warm wind, full of birds' cries.' There is a touch of melancholy, perhaps home-sickness as he describes how it brings tears too, and memories from an old land. He goes on to describe the restful, pastoral beauty of the land where even the dead can lie in the green. He then brings in voices, perhaps of family and friends, calling him home as he is missing April's beauty. The voices then tempt him some more with idyllic images from home (white blossom, young green corn, running rabbits, warm sun.) The voices seem to presume that the poet's heart is sorrowful, bruised and sore. The end of the poem sees the poet appear to make a decision. he will go home as he has decided that is where he truly belongs.
Answer the following questions.
4. How do we know that the poet is from the west? pick out the lines or phrases in the poem which tells us this.
We come to know that the poet is from the west with the help of the line “ ln the find land, the west land, the land where I belong”
As well as when the west wind addresses him as brother and ask him, “will ye not come home to us again”?
5. What conclusion does the poet reach in the end?
The poet finally makes a resolute decision to return home Westward and tread on the White Road, the cool and green grass where he can rest his head and heart. The fine land, that is filled with violets, warm hearts and thrushes song, the west land where he truly belongs.
HISTORY AND CIVICS
Executive
Meaning of Executive:-
a person or group of persons having administrative or supervisory authority in an organization. The person or persons in whom the supreme executive power of a government is vested. The executive branch of a government.
What is Parliamentary System?
A parliamentary system or parliamentary democracy is a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislature, typically a parliament.
Qualifications of Prime Minister:-
He/she should be a citizen of India.
Should be a member of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha.
of above 25 years of age (in the case of a seat in the Lok Sabha) or above 30 years of age (in the case of a seat in the Rajya Sabha).
Answer the following questions:-
1. What is parliamentary system?
2. What are the qualifications of Prime Minister?
Homework:-Learn.
MATHEMATICS
Ch: 11
Algebric Expression
Exercise – 11(C)
11. Evaluate: (i) for x = 2
(ii) for x = 2 and y = 3
· Solution:
(i)
=
= 3x2-2x+15x-10
= 3x2+13x-10
= 3+ 13.2-10 [ Here, x = 2]
= 3.4+26-10
= 12+26-10
= 38-10
= 28
(ii)
= 2x(2x-5y)+3y(2x-5y)
= 4x2-10xy+6xy-15y2
= 4x2-4xy-15y2
= 4.22-4.2.3-15.32 [Here, x= 2 and y = 3]
= 4.4-24-15.9
= 16-24-135
= -8-135
= -143
14. Multiply: (ii) (ab-1)(3-2ab) 15. Simplify: (5-x)(6-5x)(2-x)
· Solution:
14. (ab-1)(3-2ab)
= ab(3-2ab)-1(3-2ab)
= 3ab-2a2b2-3+2ab
= 3ab+2ab -2a2b2-3
= 5ab-2a2b2-3
· Solution:
15. (5-x)(6-5x)(2-x)
= [5(6-5x)-x(6-5x)](2-x)
= (30-25x-6x+5x2)(2-x)
= (30-31x+5x2)(2-x)
= 2(30-31x+5x2)-x(30-31x+5x2)
= 60-62x+10x2-30x+31x2-5x3
= -5x3+10x2+31x2-62x-30x+60
= -5x3+41x2-92x+60
Exercise – 11(D)
4. The product of two numbers is 16x4-1. If one number is 2x-1, find the other.
· Solution: The other number is = (16x4-1)÷(2x-1)
Now, 2x-1 16x4 -1 8x3+4x2+2x+1
16x4-8x3
(-) (+)
8x3 -1
8x3-4x2
(-) (+)
4x2 -1
4x2-2x
(-) (+)
2x-1
2x-1
(-) (+)
×
The other number is = 8x3+4x2+2x+1.
5. Divide x6-y6 the product of x2+xy+y2 and x-y.
· Solution:
The product of x2+xy+y2 and x-y
= (x2+xy+y2)( x-y)
= x(x2+xy+y2)-y(x2+xy+y2)
= x3+x2y+xy2 –x2y-xy2-y3
= x3+x2y–x2y +xy2 -xy2-y3
= x3-y3
Now, (x6-y6)÷( x3-y3)
x3-y3 x6 -y6 x3+y3
x6-x3y3
(-) (+)
x3y3-y6
x3y3-y6
(-) (+)
× The required quotient = x3+y3
Class IX
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Bengali (2nd language)
বাগ্ধারা
বাগ্ধারা - বাগ্ধারা হল বিশেষ প্রকার বাক্ ভঙ্গি। ভাবের এক বিশেষ প্রকাশ রীতি থাকে কতগুলো কথার সমষ্টির মধ্যে। এগুলিকে বাগ্ধারা বলে। আবার কতগুলো শব্দের বাঁধা ধরা কোন রীতি নেই। যেভাবে চলে আসছে সেই ভাবেই চলে আসছে। তখন সেই শব্দ গুলি যখন একক ভাবে অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তখন এদের বাগ্ ধারা বলে। বাগ্ধারার প্রয়োগ ভাষাকে আরও সুন্দর করে তোলে।
১)উলুবনে মুক্তো ছড়ানো (অপ্রাত্রে দান)- নীলের পড়ায় মন নিয়ে আবার ওকে রামায়ণ শোনানো মানে উলুবনে মুক্তো ছড়ানোর সামিল।
২)গাঢাকা দেওয়া (আত্মগোপন করা)-পুলিসের গাড়ির আওয়াজ পেয়ে এ পাড়ার চোর গুলো সব গা ঢাকা দিয়েছে।
৩)গোড়ায় গলদ (শুরুতেই ভুল)-পড়া শুনোর ক্ষেত্রে গোড়ায় গলদ থাকলে ভালো ছাত্র হওয়া যায়না।
৪) গোবর গণেশ (অপদার্থ) – মেয়েটি একেবারে গোবর গনেশ মাথায় ওর কিছুই ঢোকেনা।
৫)ঘরের শত্রু বিভীষণ (আপন লোকের শত্রুতা)-তোমার বউ দিকে বিশ্বাস করে কিছু বোলোনা উনি তোমার ঘরের শত্রু বিভীষণ।
৬) তাসের ঘর (যা সহজেই ভেঙ্গে যায়)- মীরাদের সংসারটা একটা ভুলের জন্য তাসের ঘরের মতো ভেঙে গেল।
৭)তীর্থের কাক ( প্রসাদ প্রার্থী)- ঝুমা তীর্থের কাকের মতো বসে আছে কবে তার চাকরীর চিঠি আসবে।
৮)নয়নের মণি (একান্ত প্রিয়) সৌরভ বসু পরিবারের একমাত্র ছেলে তাই সে সবার নয়নের মণি।
Hindi 2nd lang
महायज्ञ का पुरस्कार
2.सेठ ने यादों पातं सारी कथा सुनाई सुनकर सेठानी की वेद ना जाने कहां विलीन हो गई।
क) आद्योपांत से क्या तात्पर्य है कौन सी कथा आद्दोपांत सुनाई?
ख)यह कथा सुनकर सेठानी पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ा ?
ग) दीया जलाते समय क्या घटना घटी ?
घ) सेठ सेठानी नीचे तक खाने में उतरे तो क्या देखा ?
उत्तर
1) आदयोपांत से तात्पर्य है प्रारंभ से अंत तक। सेठ जी ने सेठानी को कुंडलपुर के सेठ के पास जाने और उनसे और उनकी पत्नी से क्या वार्तालाप हुई यह सब सुना दिया।फिर निराश होकर वही धर्मशाला में रात काटकर अगले दिन शाम तक अपने घर आ गए।
2) या कथा सुन कर सेठानी की सारी वेद ना जाने कहां विलीन हो गई। उनका ह्रदय यह जानकर उल्लास इट हो उठा कि विपत्ति में भी सेट जी ने धर्म नहीं छोडा। धन है मेरे पति सेठ जी की चरणों की रंज माथे पर लगाते हुए गोली की भगवान सब भला करेंगे।
3) रात का अंधकार फैलता जा रहा था सेठानी उठ कर दिया जलाने के लिए दान में आई तो रास्ते में किसी चीज से ठोकर लगी।समर कर दिया जला कर नीचे की ओर देखा कि दिल्ली के सहारे एक पत्थर ऊंचा हो गया और जिसके भी जो भी एक लोहे का कुंडा लगा है।
4) सेठ और सेठानी ने उस पत्थर को कुंडा पकड़कर उठाया तो नीचे सीढ़ियां बनी हुई थी। दोनों सिढियो से उतरकर नीचे गए तो देखा कि तह खाने में जवाहरात जगमग आ रहे हैं।उनके आश्चर्य का ठिकाना नहीं रहा दैव लीला ने उनके हृदय को उल्लास से भर दिया ।
3. देवकी इस माया का रहस्य उनकी समझ में नहीं आया दोनों निशब्द खड़े थे ।
क) यह दोनों कौन थे ? किस माया का रहस्य उनकी समझ में नहीं आया?
ख) किस वाणी को सुनकर कृत कृत्य हुए.? फिर उन्होंने क्या किया
ग) वह दिव्य वाणी क्या थी ?
घ) क्या यह उनके आदर्श और धर्म परायणता का फल था ?
उत्तर
1) यह दोनो सेट और सेठानी थे जब वे दोनोंतहखाने की सीढियोंसे नीचे उतर कर पहुंचे तो यह देखकर वह दंग रह गए कि तहखाना जवाहरात से जगमग आ रहा है इस माया का रहस्य उनकी समझ में नहीं आया कि आखिर ऐसा हुआ कैसे ?
2) तह खाने में से आती हुई अदृश्य दिव्य वाणी को सुनकर से साथ सेठानी दोनो कृत कृत हुए उन्होंने वह धरती पर माथा टेक कर भगवान के चरणों को प्रणाम किया ।
3) तहखानेमैं जवाहर रातों को देखकर वे दोनों निशब्द खड़े रहेंगे कि इस माया का रहस्य उनकी समझ में नहीं आया तभी अदृश्य पर स्पष्ट स्वर में सुनाई दिया,आओ सेठ! स्वयं भूखे रह कर अपना कर्तव्य मानकर प्रसन्नचित मन से तुमने मरण आसन कुत्ते को चारो रोटियां खिलाकर उन की जान बचाई उस महायज्ञ का यह पुरुस्कार है।
4) सेठ ने बहुत से यज्ञकिए और दान में ना जाने कितना धन दिन दुखियों में बात दिया था उनकी धर्म परायणता का ही यह फल था कि उन्हें अपने तह खाने में दबी हुई धन अनायास ही मिल गई और वे गरीब से फिर से धनी हो गए।
Chemistry
CH-1
The language of chemistry
-Chemical Equation
-Significance of Chemical Equation
-Limitations and drawbacks of Chemical Equation
1) Chemical Equation:-
A Chemical Equation is a brief representation of a chemical change in terms of symbols and formulae.
· The substance which reacts among themselves to bring about the chemical change is termed as “Reactants”.
· The substances which are produced as a result of the chemical change is termed as “Products”.
2) Principles involved in writing Chemical Equation:-
a) A chemical equation must represent a true chemical change.
b) The reactants are always placed on the left hand side.
c) The formulae of various reactants and products are separated by a plus (+) sign.
d) The reactants and the products are separated by a arrow (→) pointing towards the products or the sign of equality(=) which means to produce.
e) It should be balanced i. e. the total no. of atom of each kind on the both sides of the arrow must be equal.
For Example:-
3) Significance:-
A chemical reaction reveals –
i. The nature of the reactants and products.
ii. The number of molecules ( or moles ) of the reactants and the products.
iii. The relative number of moles of reactants and products.
iv. The weight of the substances entering into the reaction and those of the product formed.
v. The volumes of the reacting gases.
For example:-
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + Cl2
65g 2(1+35.5)g (65+2x35.5)g 2g
=73 g =136 g
1 ) Qualitatively :-
It tells that Zinc reacts with Hydrogen chloride to produce 1 molecule of Zinc chloride and 1 molecule of Hydrogen.
2) Quantitatively:-
1 atom of Zn reacts with 2 molecules of HCl to produce 1 molecule of ZnCl2 and 1 molecule of H2.
Q. What are the limitations of Chemical Equation and how to solve this ?
A.
1) The physical state of the reactants and products:-
A chemical eq. doesn’t tell whether the reactants and products are solids, liquids, gases or in the form of solution.
· It’s removal :-
This limitation can be removed by putting thedifferent types of subscripts beside the symbol of reactants and products.
(s) for solid
(l) for liquid
(g) for gases
(aq) for aqueous solution
e. g. –
MgCO3 (s)+ H2SO4(aq) → MgSO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
2)Concentration of the reactants or the products when present in the form of solution is not known:-
This limitation can’t be fully removed. However, ‘dil’ can be used for dilute solution and ‘conc.’ can be used for concentrated solutions.
3)The conditions necessary for the reaction to occur:-
The reaction does not tell anything about the conditions such as temperature, pressure, catalyst etc which is necessary for the chemical change.
· It is removed by mentioning the conditions of the reaction on the arrow-head.
e. g. –
4)Heat change:-
The reaction does not tell anything about the heat energy evoled oe absorb during a chemical reaction.
· It can be removed by writing “Q KJ” on the products side.
· “- QJ” is written if the heat is absorbed.
· “+QJ” is written if the heat is evolved.
e. g.-
C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 393.5 KJ
( when heat is evolved)
N2 (g) + O2 (g)→ 2NO(g) + 2NO (g) – 180 KJ
(when heat is absorbed)
5)Precipitation or Evaluation of a gas:-
A reaction does not tell whether an insoluble compound gets precipitated or a gas is evolved during a chemcical reaction.
· It is removed by using a downward arrow(↓) for the precipitated compound and a upward arrow(↑) for a gas evolved.
e. g. –
NaCl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)→AgCl(s)↓+NaNO3(aq)
CaCO3(s)+dil.2HCl(aq)→ CaCl2(aq)+H2O(l)+
CO2(g)↑
6) Reversibility of the reaction:-
A reaction does not tell whether the reaction is reversible or not.
· This drawbacks is removed by using an arrow in the backward direction(←) in addition with forward reaction arrow(→).
e. g. –
English
Language
Letter- Informal
Informal / personal letters are written to friends , relations or family members.
The heading: the address should be written at the right hand corner ( old format) / left hand corner of the page followed by the date.
Date should never be written as 9.06.20.
Address should be written in block style eg;
14, Ripon street,
Park Road,
Kolkata.
9th June, 2020.
Salutation: The form greeting will depend upon the relation in which you stand to the person to whom you are writing. Usually letters begins with “Dear”.
Body: This is the main part of the letter. should be written in the natural style and divided into paragraph and the language used should be direct and relevant.
Subscription: end the letter with “Yours”. Note that “Y” is capital and there’s no apostrophe before “s”.
The signature: this should be placed underneath the subscription and clearly written.
3. You borrowed an important book from a friend just before an inter-school Quiz competition. Unfortunately you have misplaced it. Write a letter to your friend apologizing for the mishap and mentioning how you intend to make amends.
Geography
Structure of the Earth
At a glance:
Our planet Earth is more than 5,000 million years oldand is still in the process of changing: In one year the Atlantic Ocean widens by 10 cm whilethe Pacific Ocean is shrinking as the continents moveslowly across the globe.The Red Sea is in 'its infancy'. In 60 million years timeit will be as wide as the Atlantic Ocean. Africa andAsia may split apart as a result of the Mediterraneanmerging with the Atlantic Ocean.
Layers of the Earth:
The Earth comprises three main realms or regions –
· TheLithosphere which is the solid, inorganic section,
· TheHydrosphere which is the liquid section and
· The Atmosphere or gaseous section.
The thin outermost layer, the Earth's crust, averagesabout 17 km in thickness throughout and is referredto as the mineral skin. It is made up of the continentsand oceansand from it emanates the soil, sedimentsalt, gases, liquid and all components of the Earth inits widest connotation.
The composite zone inhabited by most living creaturesis called Biosphere. It includes a part of the atmosphere,the hydrosphere and a part of the lithosphere.The temperature within the Earth increases withdepth at the rate of 1°C for every 32 m depth,living an average temperature of 5000°C at thecentre of the Earth.
The Earth consists of three major concentric layers– these are called:
· The Crust or Lithosphere,
· The Mantle or Mesosphere and
· The Core or Barysphere.
Q1. How much old is our Earth?
A1. Our planet Earth is more than 5,000 million years old.
Q2. Name the major realms of the Earth.
A2. The different layers of the Earth are:
1) TheLithosphere which is the solid, inorganic section,
2) TheHydrosphere which is the liquid section and
3) The Atmosphere or gaseous section.
Q3. Which part of the Earth is known as Mineral Skin?
A3. The thin outermost layer, the Earth's crust, averagesabout 17 km in thickness throughout and is referredto as the mineral skin. It is made up of the continentsand oceans.
Q4. Mention the level of increase of temperature inside of the Earth.
A4. The temperature within the Earth increases withdepth at the rate of 1°C for every 32 m depth,living an average temperature of 5000°C at thecentre of the Earth.
Q5. Name the layers of inside Earth.
A5. The Earth consists of three major concentric layers– these are called:
1) The Crust or Lithosphere,
2) The Mantle or Mesosphere and
3) The Core or Barysphere.
Subject: Eng Literature (The Merchant of Venice – William Shakespeare)
Topic: Act II, Scene 8, Text & Paraphrase
Text & Paraphrase
Act II, Scene 8
Original Text
Paraphrase
[Venice – A street]
[Venice – A street]
Enter Salerio and Solanio.
Enter Salerio and Solanio.
SALERIO:
Why, man, I saw Bassanio under sail;With him is Gratiano gone along;And in their ship, I am sure, Lorenzo is not.
SALERIO:
I saw Bassanio sail away, and Gratiano went with him. I’m sure Lorenzo isn’t on their ship.
SOLANIO:
The villain Jew with outcries rais'd the duke;Who went with him to search Bassanio's ship. (5)
SOLANIO:
That wicked Jew got the duke to listen to his complaints. The duke went with him to search Bassanio’s ship.
SALERIO:
He came too late, the ship was under sail:But there the duke was given to understand,That in a gondola were seen togetherLorenzo and his amorous Jessica;Besides, Antonio certified the duke, (10)They were not with Bassanio in his ship.
SALERIO:
He got there too late. The ship was already sailing. But once he got there, the duke learned that Lorenzo and his lover Jessica were together in a gondola. In any case, Antonio assured the duke they weren’t with Bassanio on his ship.
SOLANIO:
I never heard a passion so confus'd,So strange, outrageous, and so variable,As the dog Jew did utter in the streets:My daughter!—O my ducats!—O my daughter! (15)Fled with a Christian?—O my Christian ducats!—Justice! the law! my ducats, and my daughter!A sealed bag, two sealed bags of ducats,Of double ducats, stolen from me by my daughter!And jewels; two stones, two rich and precious stones, (20) Stolen by my daughter!—Justice! find the girl!She hath the stones upon her, and the ducats!
SOLANIO:
I’ve never heard such confused emotions as what that Jew dog was shouting in the streets. “My daughter, oh my ducats, oh my daughter! Ran off with a Christian! Oh my Christian ducats! Justice, the law, my ducats, and my daughter, a sealed bag, two sealed bags of ducats, of double ducats, stolen from me by my daughter, and jewels—two stones, two rich and precious stones—stolen by my daughter! Justice, find the girl! She has the stones on her, and the ducats.”
SALERIO:
Why, all the boys in Venice follow himCrying,—‘His stones, his daughter, and his ducats.’
SALERIO:
I know, all the boys in Venice are following him, yelling, “His stones, his daughter, and his ducats!”
SOLANIO:
Let good Antonio look he keep his day, (25)Or he shall pay for this.
SOLANIO:
I hope Antonio repays his loan on time, or he’ll suffer for this.
SALERIO:
Marry, well remember'd:I reason'd with a Frenchman yesterday,Who told me, in the narrow seas that partThe French and English, there miscarried A vessel of our country, richly fraught: (30)I thought upon Antonio when he told me,And wish'd in silence that it were not his.
SALERIO:
That’s a good point. I spoke with a Frenchman yesterday who said that a Venetian ship loaded with treasure was wrecked in the English Channel. I thought about Antonio when he told me. I silently hoped it wasn’t his ship.
SOLANIO:
You were best to tell Antonio what you hear;Yet do not suddenly, for it may grieve him.
SOLANIO:
You should tell Antonio what you hear—but don’t do it suddenly, because it might upset him.
SALERIO:
A kinder gentleman treads not the earth. (35)I saw Bassanio and Antonio part:Bassanio told him, he would make some speedOf his return; he answer'd, “Do not so,Slubber not business for my sake, Bassanio, But stay the very riping of the time; (40)And for the Jew's bond, which he hath of me,Let it not enter in your mind of love:Be merry; and employ your chiefest thoughtsTo courtship, and such fair ostents of love, As shall conveniently become you there:” (45)And even there, his eye being big with tears,Turning his face, he put his hand behind him,And, with affection wondrous sensible,He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted.
SALERIO:
There’s no nicer guy in the whole world. I saw Bassanio and Antonio say goodbye. Bassanio told him he’d try to hurry back. Antonio answered “Don’t rush. Don’t do a sloppy job for my sake, Bassanio. Stay until everything is finished. As for the Jew’s contract, don’t let it be a factor in your plans. Be happy and concentrate your thoughts on love and how to win your love.” Then his eyes started tearing up. He turned his face away. Then he shook Bassanio’s hand affectionately—and they separated.
SOLANIO:
I think he only loves the world for him. (50) I pray thee, let us go and find him out,And quicken his embraced heaviness,With some delight or other.
SOLANIO:
I think he only loves life because of Bassanio. Let’s go find him and cheer him up.
SALERIO:
Do we so. (55)
SALERIO:
Yes, let’s do that.
Exeunt.
They Exit
Class X
Subject
Topic
Summary
Execution
Hindi 2ndlang
भिक्षुक
2.साथ दो बच्चे भी है सदा हाथ फैलाएं बाय सेवे मलते हुए पेट को चलते और दाहिना दया दृष्टी पाने की और बढ़ाए ।
क) दाये और बाय हाथ से बे क्या करते हैं और क्यों ?
ख) यदि कोई भीख ना दें तो ही कैसा लगता है ?
ग) क्या इसका कोई ठोस समाधान निकल सकता है अपने विचार बताइए ?
घ) भिखारी के साथ कितने बच्चे हैं ?
उत्तर
1) भिक्षुक के जो दो बच्चे आए हैं वह बाए हाथ में अपनी खाली पेट को मलते हुए चलते हैं और दाया हाथ लोगों की दया दृष्टि पाने को फैलाएं हुए हैं उनका संकेत है कि हम भूखे हैं। हमारी मदद करके परोपकार करें।
2) यदि कोई आदमी होने भी नहीं दे तो उन्हें कुछ अलग हो नहीं होता और ना ही बुरा लगता है कि इसने हमें कुछ नहीं दिया ।उन्हें ऐसी आदत होती है कि जो दे उसका भी भला जो न दे उसका भी भला ।
3) भिखारियों की समस्या एक विकट समस्या है ना तो इसे सरकार सुलझा पा रही है और ना कोई परोपकारी संस्था भिखारी ने इसे एक धंधा बना लिया है मंदिर मस्जिद गुरुद्वारा सार्वजनिक मेला तीर्थ स्थानों आदि पर भिखारियों का जन्म जमघट रहता है सरकार कुछ ऐसी योजना बनाई कि इन का कल्याण हो और भिक्षा वृति बढे नहीं बल्कि काम हो।
4) भिखारी के साथ दो बच्चे हैं तथा अपने दोनों हाथ फैला कर भीख मांग रहे हैं।
English Language
Essay/ composition
A composition is the art creating a piece of writing on any topic or subject.
Structure of the composition:
· Introduction ( you lay the foundation for your composition)
· Body (it constitutes the main part of the essay)
· Conclusion (final statement that leaves a lasting impression)
Kinds of essay/ composition:
· Narrative composition
· Descriptive composition
· Argumentative composition
· Reflective composition
Argumentative writing is the art of forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions and applying them to the topic of discussion. It clearly uses the process of your reasoning from the known to the unknown. Without this, your composition would not have an argument, it will have only an assertion. You have to present a point of view in such a way that you can persuade and influence your readers.
Write a composition (350-400) on one of the given topics:
1. “Small beginnings make great endings”. Give arguments for and against this statement.
OR,
2. “Failure teacher success”. How far do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give relevant arguments to support your opinion.
Subject: Eng Literature (The Merchant of Venice – William Shakespeare)
Topic: Act V, Scene 1, Lines 199 to 240 (Bassanio: ……….I never more will break an oath with thee.)
[Students should read the original play and also the paraphrase given in the school prescribed textbook]
Summary
· Bassanio tells Portia that he too had presented the ring to the lawyer who saved the life of Antonio. Portia is not ready to believe Bassanio’s words and she too fears like Nerissa that Bassanio must have presented the ring to some young woman.
· Portia, feigning anger, then tells Bassanio that had he understood the worthiness of the person who gave him the ring (i.e. Portia) he would have, under no circumstances, parted with the ring. She tells him that she is sure that he gave the ring to some woman.
· Bassanio tries, without success, to convince her that he gave it to a civil doctor, a man.
· Portia threatened Bassanio that if the doctor ever came to their house, she will not deny him anything. Nerissa maintains the same tune and tells Gratiano that she shall be doing the same for the doctor’s clerk.
· On seeing that Portia and Bassanio, Nerissa and Gratiano have started quarrelling, Antonio says that he is unfortunately responsible for all these quarrels. Portia tells him that he should not feel perturbed on that account and he is perfectly welcome at her house
· Bassanio then begs pardon of Portia and assures her that never afterwards in his life will he commit the same mistake again.
Questions &a