Colony (Year

Founded)

Origin of Name Chief Products

Massachusetts (1620)

Massachusetts Indian words meaning “near the great hill”

Farming (corn and cattle), fishing, lumbering, shipbuilding

Rhode Island (1636)

Dutch words for “red island” Farming (cattle and dairy), fishing, lumbering

Connecticut (1633)

Algonquian Indian words meaning “on the long tidal river”

Farming (corn and wheat), fishing

New Hampshire (1622)

County of Hampshire in England Farming (potatoes), fishing, textiles, shipbuilding

New Jersey (1664)

Isle of Jersey in England Ironworking, lumbering

New York (1624)

Duke of York Farming (cattle, rice, indigo, wheat)ironworks, shipbuilding

Pennsylvania (1682)

William Penn and Sylvania (Latin for Forest)

Farming (corn, wheat, cattle , dairy) papermaking, textiles, shipbuilding

Delaware ( 1638)

Delaware tribe and early governor of Virginia, Lord de la Warr

Fishing, lumbering

Virginia (1607)

Elizabeth I of England Farming (corn, tobacco, wheat)

Georgia (1732)

King George II of England Farming (indigo, rice, sugar)

North Carolina (1712)

Carolus ( Latin for Charles), Charles I of England

Farming (indigo, rice, tobacco)

South Carolina (1712)

Carolus ( Latin for Charles), Charles I of England

Farming (indigo, rice, tobacco)

Maryland ( 1632)

Queen Henrietta Maria of England Farming (corn, indigo,, rice, wheat), ironworks, shipbuilding)

New

Eng

land

Col

onie

s

ColonyClimate, soil, and Growing season

Economic Developments

Farm products and industries

Major Ethnic Groups

People

Major Cities

Massachusetts Climate-Cold harsh winters mild summers

Soil was poor and rocky: not fertile. Growing season was mostly 3-5 months

Grew corn and wheat

Short Growing Season

Subsistence crops

Cattle, Fish, Shipbuilding,

Whaling Farmers, Fisherman Ship building

fishing

Religious Reasons

Puritans, Pilgrims

Strict Lives

Taught children to read and

write

Thomas Hooker, Roger Williams

Dutch

Boston, Plymouth, Hartford, Providence,

Portsmouth

Few African slavery due to climate

conditions. Most slaver was domestic

work

New Hampshire

Connecticut

Rhode Island

Mid

dle

Col

onie

s

New York

Climate- Mild/cold winters warm

summers

Soil Not rich but can support planting

Apples, wheat , corn, tobacco

Hunted deer, rabbits and turkeys

Craftsman (Artisan)- who created iron

products, furniture, glass and kitchen ware

Religious: Protestants,

Catholics, Quakers, Jews

Swedes, Dutch, English, German

Duke of York, William Penn,

New York, Trenton, Philadelphia,

Annapolis

7% of Middle colonies were enslaved

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

Delaware

Sout

hern

Col

onie

sMaryland Soil- extremely rich,

allows crop expansion

Climate-warm / hot summers Mild

winters

Cotton, Tobacco, rice, indigo, grapes

Plantation growing

Cash Crops

Economy based on planting

Religious- Catholics

Germans, English, Swiss

Nathaniel Bacon,

James Oglethorpe,

Lord Baltimore

Williamsburg, Jamestown,

Charlestown, Savannah

40% of the population were slaves

Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia

United States History - CNotes Ch 5 – New England

Distinct Colonial 3 separate regions develop along coast:Regions Develop New England – (Mr. Can)

Middle – (NYPD)Southern – (Vicky Goes 2C Mary)

Backcountry: land that ran along Appalachian Mountains. – fur traders

Farms and Towns Rocky soil, short growing season (summer), cold of New England climate

Subsistence farming: growing enough to feed family and a little to trade

Harvesting the Sea North Atlantic Ocean great fishing and whaling.New England’s forests used for ship Building

Resources Lumber (timber), fishing, shipbuilding, fur trading

Atlantic Trade Triangular trade: trade route with 3 stops – over Atlantic Ocean

Raw materials

Goods

slaves(Middle Passage)

New

WorldEurope

Africa

Middle passage: slaves brought from Africa to the New WorldNew England developed great profits from trading and England decided they wanted their share of it - mercantilism Navigation Acts: passed to be sure England profited more from New England trade than NE (northern) colonies did. Said colonies could only trade with England. (pg. 96)England continued to have trouble controlling shipping because of smuggling and pirates

African Few slaves in New EnglandAmericans In Farms had no work for them during long New England winters

New England slaves were primarily cooks, maids, and nannies etc.Occasionally slaves bought their freedom.New England had more free African Americans than other regionsFree African Americans not treated equally

Changes in Early 1700’s saw the decline in Puritan Puritan Society religion:

1. People cared more about money than their religious beliefs

2. Competition from other religions3. Political changes: vote based now on land ownership,

not church membership

United States History - CNotes - Middle ColoniesWealth of Many immigrants move to the Middle Resources Colonies-lots of diversity

Especially Dutch and Germans who brought advanced farming ideas.Cash crops: crops sold for a profit Main cash crops were fruits, veggies, WHEAT, grains – produced so much grain known as “breadbasket colonies” Mild climate, moderate soil, medium growing season

Importance of Harvested grains taken to the gristmill to beMills ground up for flour or meal

Most mills water-powered, sometimes powered by humans or animals.Middle colonies made & ate 3 times the grain we eat today

Cities Prosper Port cities became important for shipping imports and exports.New York City harbor on Hudson RiverPhiladelphia port city on Delaware River

A Diverse Region Middle colonies very diverse with a large variety of people from different European countries and culturesGerman artisans very skilled at various crafts, including Conestoga wagons which had wide wheels & curved beds

Climate of The middle colonies were known as a region thatTolerance was tolerant of others.

Dutch of New York and Quakers of Pennsylvania both practiced religious toleranceQuakers allowed women to be ministers and were the first group to speak out against slavery

African Despite tolerance of various groups, slaveryAmericans In still accepted.the Middle 7% of Middle Colonies’ population were House slavesColonies

United States History - CNotes – Southern Colonies

Plantation South: long growing season & rich fertile soilEconomy ideal for rice and tobacco, but labor intensive (slaves)

Most plantations self-sufficient which means nearly everything needed could be found or produced on farm – plantation systemLarge cities in the south were uncommon because plantations were so self-sufficientHot climate, rich fertile soil, long growing seasonTobacco, Rice and Indigo – cash crops

Turn to Slavery In beginning, planters used indentured servants from Europe and African slavesAs indentured servants left at end of contract, slaves were used more by planters

Plantations Slavery allowed plantation farming to expandExpand Growing rice (Carolinas) very labor intensive and

required skilled workers such as West African slavesAt age 17, Eliza Lucas, introduced indigo (plant that produces a blue dye) as a cash crop on her father’s South Carolina plantation (pg. 105)

Planter Class Slave labor allowed small group of southern planters to become wealthierThe elite planter class was similar to nobles of EuropeThe treatment of slaves varied from owner to owner

Life Under Overseers were men who worked for the planter andSlavery supervised the slaves in their work

Slaves lived in 1-room cabins, worked very longhours and maintained their African culture as a way to cope with their enslavement

Resistance to Slaves protested enslavement by working slowly, Slavery damaging tools, purposely doing tasks wrong

Anger and frustration could lead to rebellionStono Rebellion: slaves gathered at Stono River in South Carolina. They took weapons and killed plantation families with plan to go to Spanish

Florida, where slavery was outlawed. The slaves were captured and executed.As a result, planters made slave codes stricter, specifically making it illegal for slaves to meet with free blacks.

United States History - CNotes - Backcountry

Geography of the Backcountry is the area near the Appalachian Backcountry Mountains along the fall line

Fall Line is where the waterfalls prevent further travel up the river by boatResources in the backcountry were thick woods, springs and streams, plenty of game, and fertile soil

Backcountry Settlers traded with Native Americans, but Settlers also fought them. Also traded furs

Many chose life in backcountry because they were pushed out of colonies by large plantations

Scots-Irish The Scots-Irish who fled persecution in Great Britain arrived in America and moved into backcountryClan System large groups of families that claim common ancestor

Backcountry Life The rough roads and rivers of the backcountry made large scale trade impossible.Settlers learned to be self-sufficient, similar to Southern plantationsWomen learned many skills outside of home such as field work and the use of guns for protection (pg. 112)

United States History - Land, Rights, Land plentiful in the colonies, unlike EuropeAnd Wealth Land ownership gave colonists political

rights and social positionThe only people with voting rights wereland-owning white menCity dwellers could pay fee to vote

Women & the Women could not own land, vote, hold office,Economy or speak in public

They had hard lives of chores such as making soap, candles, cloth, and clothes for the family

Young People Kids began doing chores at 3 to 4 years oldAt Work Apprentice is a boy that leaves his parents and

lives with a craftsman under a contract for 7 years to learn a trade

Colonial Most kids learned to read enough to be able toSchooling read the Bible

The poor were taught by their mothersMost kids were done with school by 7 years old

Newspapers & In the 1700’s newspapers, books, and almanacsBooks grew in popularity

Poor Richard’s Almanac: written by Benjamin Franklin.

Great Colonists began to feel that religion had lost itsAwakening passion. It had become dry and dull.

Great Awakening was a religious movement of 1730’s and 40’s that re-emphasized religious values in everyday lifeJonathan Edwards was a popular preacher that terrified people with images of God’s anger

The The enlightenment was a movement thatEnlightenment emphasized reason and science as the paths

to knowledgeBenjamin Franklin was a famous enlightenment figureJohn Locke was an English philosopher who used the idea of unalienable rights to justify the American Revolution

Summary

US History -– Roots of Representative Government The Rights of Magna Carta (1215) means the Great Charter Englishmen It guaranteed important rights to English

noblemen and freemenKing John II signs it because he needed their money to finance a war.1st document to limit the power of a ruler Gave citizens the right to a trial by a jury of their peers

Parliament & Parliament is England’s Legislative Branch (makes laws)Colonial Govt. Colonists used it as a model for the House of

Burgesses in Virginia in 1619 U.S. Congress is also based on Parliament

Royal Governor’s King James II ruled with TOTAL authorityRule Edmund Andros was the royal governor of

New England Andros ended the representative assembliesAs a result, colonists refused to pay taxesThose who complained were jailed

England’s Parliament, which was mostly Protestant,

Glorious overthrew King James who was CatholicRevolution The throne was given to James’ daughter

Mary and her husband William.In exchange they promised to uphold the English Bill of Rights the idea that government is based on laws made by Parliament instead of King’s desires

Shared Power in Salutary Neglect is when England allowed the Colonies the colonies to govern themselves

Zenger Trial The New York governor removed a judge and tried to fix an election.John Peter Zenger, publisher of the New York Weekly, printed criticism about the governor which was illegal at the time. Zenger stood trial and the jury found him not guilty. The jury believed that the people had the right to speak freely. This trial leads to freedom of speech

Summary

United States History– The French & Indian War

French and The French and the British both claimed theIndian War Ohio River Valley, the Mississippi River (1756-1763) Valley, and the Great Lakes Region

Quebec and Montreal were the two main French settlements in North AmericaFur trading was a major industry for both

Native American Huron and Algonquin tribes allied with FrenchAlliances Iroquois tribe allied with English

Iroquois trapped beaver fur and moved into French territory to continue trappingFrance and England went to war which included the colonies

Conflict in Ohio Tensions increased between the French and River Valley the English over land and fur trading

21 year old Major George Washington sent to remove the French from North America

War Begins Attacks on forts by both sides started the warAnd Spreads Albany Plan of Union was Benjamin Franklin’s

suggestion to copy the Iroquois and unite the colonies. It was turned down by the colonies

Braddock’s Britain sent General Braddock along with GeorgeDefeat Washington to take over French Fort Duquesne.

They were surprised by French and defeatedBraddock is killed during the battle, Washington takes command

British Take British Secretary of State sent the best generals to Quebec take control of 6 French forts

During the Battle of Quebec, the British surprised French and took over the fortThis battle is the turning point and leads to

the end the French and Indian War

Treaty of Paris The British gained all of North America east of1763 Mississippi River.

France gave Louisiana to Spain as a reward for helping them during the war and to keep it from British control which ended French power in North America

Pontiac’s Once Britain took over French forts, theyRebellion mistreated Native Americans

More British settlers moved onto Native American’s land and the Natives responded by attacking settlersPontiac’s Rebellion was a brutal attack of 8 forts by numerous Native American tribes led by the Ottawa tribal leader named PontiacIn response, the British King passed the the Proclamation of 1763, which forbade colonists from settling west of Appalachian Mountains due to cost of defending them from Natives.

Summary