weeblymrlscience.weebly.com/.../ch_11_introduction_to_genet… · web viewchapter 11: introduction...

Name: Date: Period:Biology 1-2

Chapter 11: Introduction to GeneticsI. Metacognition: By the end of this unit you are expected to be able to do/complete all objectives below. Your teacher will help you understand this material, but it is ultimately your responsibility. Constantly ask yourself whether or not you are meeting these targets, and what are you doing to master them?

PreCheck

TBSection Objectives (*EOB) Post

Check11.1 1. Recognize how biological traits are passed from one generation to

the next.*11.2 2. Predict through probability the phenotype of an organism given its

genotype.*

11.2 3. Interpret genotypes and phenotypes in/using a Punnett square.*

11.3 4. Describe patterns of inheritance that do not follow Mendelian genetics.

11.3 5. Explain the relationship between genes and the environment.*

11.4 6. Explain how meiosis results in sex cells.*

11.4 7. Explain that inheritable genetic variations result from crossover between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.*

II. Vocabulary Building: Due Date: __________________How am I going to learn the terms? (select one or create your own idea that is teacher approved)

⃝? Make flashcards of all vocabulary terms and definitions.⃝? Make a flip chart including all vocabulary terms and definitions.⃝? Other Ideas (teacher approved)?

________________________________________________

III. Chapter Vocabulary and Root Words: Term Definition Memory Cue

Genetics

Fertilization


Trait

Hybrid

Gene

Allele

Principle of Dominance

Segregation

Gamete


Probability

Homozygous

Heterozygous

Phenotype

Genotype

Punnett Square

Independent Assortment


Incomplete Dominance

Codominance

Mutiple Allele

Polygenic Trait

Homologous

Diploid

Haploid


Meiosis

Tetrad

Crossing Over

Zygote

IV. Guided Reading Section Questions (*EOB):Section 11.1 p. 308-312: The Work of Gregor Mendel

PreChec

kObjectives (*EOB) Post

Check1. Recognize how biological traits are passed from one generation to the next.*

1. What is the difference between heredity and genetics? ______________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is a trait? Give an example of a trait for one of Mendel’s pea plants.*

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________


3. What is the difference between “true-breeding” and “cross-breeding”? _________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4. What is the difference between a gene and an allele? Give examples of both using height in

Mendel’s pea plants. *________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

5. Looking at the picture, structure A represents? What do the bands on structure A represent?

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

What does structure B represent? * __________________

6. Looking at Figure 11-3, what are the seven traits of Mendel’s pea plants? Of those seven

traits what are the seven dominant alleles? * ______________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

7. How can you tell when a dominant or recessive allele will be expressed? *

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________


_____________________________________________________________

8. Describe what happens during segregation. ________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Section 11.2 p. 313-318: Applying Mendel’s Principles

PreChec


Check1. Predict through probability the phenotype of an organism given its genotype.*2. Interpret genotypes and phenotypes in/using a Punnett square.*

1. What is the purpose of probability in genetics? _____________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes? * ___________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Homozygous examples for height: _____ and _____Heterozygous example for height: _____

3. What is the difference between phenotype and genotype? * _________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

The genotypes for height are: _____, _____, and _____The phenotypes for height are: __________ and __________

4. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? * _______________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


5. Use the figure to the right to complete the problem below. *a. We are going to discover how dimples are inherited. Write

down a random four digit number: ___ ___ ___ ___b. These four random digits represent the alleles of a gene

that determines whether a person will have dimples. i. Odd digits represent the allele for the dominant trait of dimples.ii. Even digits represent the allele for the recessive trait of no dimples.

iii. Examples: 46 (2 even digits) = dd 38 (1 odd digit, 1 even digit) = Dd

17 (2 odd digits) = DDc. Use the first two digits from your number above to represent your father’s genotype

(Use the symbols of D and d to write his genotypes as shown in the example above).i. Your father’s genotype = ___ ___

d. Use the second two digits from your number above to represent your mother’s genotype (Use the symbols of D and d to write her genotypes as shown in the example above).

i. Your mother’s genotype = ___ ___e. What are your father’s two

gametes (Hint: use Figure 11-8 if confused!)

i. _____ii. _____

f. What are your mother’s two gametes (Hint: use Figure 11-8 if confused!)

i. _____ii. _____

g. Put your father’s gametes on one side of the Punnett square and your mother’s gametes on an adjacent side. Complete the Punnett square.

h. Based on your Punnett square write out the genotypes and phenotypes of each possible offspring.

i. Genotype Phenotype________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________

i. What percent of offspring could have dimples? _____j. What percent of offspring could not have dimples? _____

6. Explain the principle of independent assortment. __________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


___________________________________________________________________________

7. Explain how Mendel’s principles apply to all organisms. _____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


PreChec


Check1. Describe patterns of inheritance that do not follow Mendelian genetics.2. Explain the relationship between genes and the environment.*

1. Complete the table below highlighting the exceptions to Mendel’s principles.

Term Description Example

Incomplete Dominance

Codominance

Multiple Alleles

Polygenic Traits

2. Explain the relationship between genes and the environment. ________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


___________________________________________________________________________


PreChec


Check1. Explain how meiosis results in sex cells.*2. Explain that inheritable genetic variations result from crossover between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.*

1. Contrast the number of chromosomes in body cells and in gametes. ___________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________2. Use the following formulas to

complete the table: Haploid = N (or 2N / 2) Diploid = 2N (or N X 2)

3. Why is a diploid number

always even? ____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4. Do you think the chromosome number of an organism is indicative of their level of

complexity or intelligence? _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

5. Which organism’s chromosome number did you find the most surprising? Why? _________

___________________________________________________________________________


6. The process of meiosis results in the formation of what? * ___________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

7. Describe the importance of Prophase I of meiosis (including crossing over). _____________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________8. Use Figure 11-17 and the reading on pages 327-328 to complete the table below. *

Event Mitosis MeiosisFour new daughter cells are formed from each original cell

This makes cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original

This type of cell reproduction makes egg cells

This makes cells with half the original number of chromosomes

This process makes sperm cellsTwo new daughter cells are formed from one original cell

The original cell replicates its DNA (genetic material)

The original cell will go through 1 cell division totalThe original cell will go through 2 cell divisionsCrossing over takes place during this processThe cell will go through prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

The cell will go through cytokinesis

9. Venn Diagram 11.17 Mitosis vs Meiosis: *1 cell division haploid cells DNA replication 2 cell divisions

diploid cells sexual reproduction cell division 2 daughter cells asexual reproduction 4 daughter cells crossing over genetic diversity

Both

Mitosis Meiosis


10. Describe the importance of meiosis maintaining the same chromosome number over

generations? * ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

11. Describe how alleles from different genes can be inherited together. ___________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

V. I can statements: Read the following I can statements and complete the table with evidence you know that I can statement. This could include a sentence, a picture, etc. You MUST complete this section for credit.

TBSection I can statement (*EOB) Evidence

11.1 1a. I can define the terms trait, gene, allele and chromosome.*

-

-

-

-

11.1 1b. I know the difference between a gene and an allele.*

11.1 1c. I can describe how alleles influence traits.*

11.1 1d. I can explain how genes are found on chromosomes.*

11.1 1e. I can explain the process of fertilization and how hybrids are formed.


11.1 1f. I can explain the principle of dominance and give an example using Mendel’s crosses with pea plants.

11.1 1g. I can describe how alleles segregate into gametes.

11.2 2a. I can explain what probability is and how it can be used to predict traits.

11.2 2b. I can describe the difference between a genotype and a phenotype.*

11.2 2c. I can explain how an organism’s genotype determines its phenotype and give an example using Mendel’s pea plants.*

11.2 2d. I can tell when a dominant or recessive allele will be expressed.*

11.2 2e. I can define the terms homozygous and heterozygous.*

11.2 2f. I can tell the differences between a homozygous and heterozygous genotype and correctly determine from the genotype the phenotype.*

11.2 3a. I can create a Punnett square


given parental information.*

11.2 3b. I can predict genotypic ratios in offspring using a Punnett square.*

11.2 3c. I can predict phenotypic ratios in offspring using a Punnett square.

11.2 3d. I can predict the inheritance of a trait through several generations using Punnett squares.*

11.2 3e. I can predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of a dihybrid cross using a Punnett square.


11.2 3f. I can explain the principle of independent assortment.

11.2 3g. I can summarize Mendel’s four main principles of genetics.

-

-

-

-

11.3 4a. I can use a Punnett square to predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios given a genetic cross of traits that follow incomplete dominance.

11.3 4b. I can use a Punnett square to predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios given a genetic cross of traits that follow codominance.

11.3 4c. I can describe genes with multiple alleles and give an example in humans.

11.3 4d. I can describe the interaction of polygenic traits and give an example in humans.


11.3 5a. I can describe with examples how the environment can have an effect on the phenotype of an individual.

11.4 6a. I can explain the difference between diploid and haploid cells.

11.4 6b. I can describe meiosis and emphasize what is produced at the end.*

11.4 6c. I can describe the role of meiosis in maintaining the correct number of chromosomes over multiple generations.*

11.4 6d. I can compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis.*

11.4 6e. I can describe the role of meiosis in genetic diversity.

11.4 7a. I can describe the importance of crossing over in creating genetic diversity.*


11.4 7b. I can describe the importance of various genetic combinations in haploid sex cells in creating genetic diversity.*

VI. Study Guide

The final chapter assessment is on ____________________________

To study for the test I have completed the following:

___ Completing the entire reading guide

___ Rereading the entire chapter

___ Making flashcards

___ Making my own study guide

___ Reviewing all of my notes

___ Reviewing all of my labs

___ Reviewing all of my worksheets

___ Reviewing all of my quizzes


___ Quizzing myself

___ Quizzing a classmate

___ Creating a practice test

___ Outlining the chapter

___ Copying my notes

___Making a graph organizer

___ Getting additional help from my teacher

___ Taking online quizzes/tests on Biology.com website

___ Other (explain: _______________________________)

___ Other (explain: _______________________________)

___ Other (explain: _______________________________)

___ Other (explain: _______________________________)

I predict that I will earn the following grade on my assessment ___________ because ___________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

weeblymrlscience.weebly.com/.../ch_11_introduction_to_genet… · web viewchapter 11: introduction...

Documents