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Name: Date: Period:Biology 1-2

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of LifeI. Metacognition: By the end of this unit you are expected to be able to do/complete all objectives below. Your teacher will help you understand this material, but it is ultimately your responsibility. Constantly ask yourself whether or not you are meeting these targets, and what are you doing to master them?

PreCheck

TBSection Objectives (*EOB) Post

Check2.1 1. Identify the three subatomic particles found in atoms.*2.1 2. Explain isotopes and ions.2.1 3. Explain how compounds are different from their component

elements.2.1 4. Describe the main types of chemical bonds.2.2 5. Discuss the properties of water.*2.2 6. Explain what acidic, basic, and neutral solutions are.2.3 7. Identify the structure and function of macromolecules and how

they help perform essential functions of life (Includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.)*

2.4 8. Identify the reactants and products in biochemical reactions.*2.4 9. Describe the structure, function, and importance of enzymes.*

II. Vocabulary Building: Due Date: __________________How am I going to learn the terms? (select one or create your own idea that is teacher approved)

⃝> Make flashcards of all vocabulary terms and definitions.⃝> Make a flip chart including all vocabulary terms and definitions.⃝> Other Ideas (teacher approved)?

________________________________________________

III. Chapter Vocabulary and Root Words: Term Definition Memory Cue

Atom

Nucleus


Electron

Element

Isotope

Compound

Ionic bond

Ion

Covalent bond

Molecule

van der Waals forces


Hydrogen bond

Cohesion

Adhesion

Mixture

Solution

Solute

Solvent

Suspension

pH scale


Acid

Base

Buffer

Monomer

Polymer

Carbohydrate

Monosaccharide

Lipid

Nucleic acid


Nucleotide

Protein

Amino acid

Chemical reaction

Reactant

Product

Activation energy

Catalyst

Enzyme


Substrate

IV. Guided Reading Section Questions (*EOB):Section 2.1 p. 32-38: The Nature of Matter

PreChec

kObjectives (*EOB) Post

Check1. Identify the three subatomic particles found in atoms.*2. Explain isotopes and ions.3. Explain how compounds are different from their component elements.4. Describe the main types of chemical bonds.

1. Fill in the chart below regarding the atom. Subatomic Particle Inside or Outside the Nucleus Charge: (+,-,0)

2. How are all of the isotopes of an element similar? __________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. The diagram shows a model of a carbon atom, with an atomic number of 6. Complete the diagram by drawing in the rest of the atomic particles, including their charges. Label all particles and the nucleus.

4. The diagrams show models of carbon isotopes.


Complete the diagrams by drawing in the rest of the atomic particles, including their charges.

Nonradioactive Radioactive carbon-13 carbon-14

Use your completed diagrams to answer Questions 5-6.

5. Identify two differences between carbon-12 and carbon-14. ___________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

6. Identify two ways in which carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 are alike. ______________

____________________________________________________________________________

7. In what ways do compounds differ from their component elements? ___________________

_____

____________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

8. Turn the atom into an ion; describe how you accomplished this task.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

9. Water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) both consists of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Explain why they have different chemical and physical properties. _____________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


___________________________________________________________________________

10. What do the formulas for table salt, NaCl, and water, H2O, indicate about these compounds?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

11. What are the main types of chemical bonds? ______________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

12. What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond? ___________________

___________________________________________________________________________

13. Explain how geckos are able to climb up vertical surfaces? ____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Section 2.2 p.39-44: Properties of WaterPre

Check

Objectives (*EOB) PostCheck

1. Discuss the properties of water.*2. Explain what acidic, basic, and neutral solutions are.

1. Discuss the properties of water.* ________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. How do hydrogen bonds between water molecules occur? ___________________________

___________________________________________________________________________


3. Sketch a molecule of water labeling the partial charges and atoms.

Describe the structure of a water molecule to explain why it is polar.*

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________4. For the following questions, write True or False on the line provided.

___________Water is a polar molecule.___________Hydrogen bonds are an example of adhesion.___________Covalent bonds give water a low heat capacity.___________A hydrogen bond is stronger than a covalent bond.

5. What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?* ____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

6. What is special regarding water’s heat capacity?* ___________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

7. How does water’s polarity influence its properties as a solvent? _______________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

8. What is the difference between a solution and a suspension? _________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

9. Complete the table.

Water Molecule


Substance Description Example(s)

Mixture

Solution

Solute

Solvent

Suspension

10. Explain what makes a solution acidic or basic (alkaline). _____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

11. On the pH scale, indicate which direction is increasingly acidic and which is basic.Label the end with the highest H+ ions.Label the end with the highest OH- ions.

12. Identify two solutions that have more H+ ions than OH– ions. Are they acidic or basic?

___________________________________________________________________________

13. Identify two solutions that have more OH– ions than H+ ions. Are they acidic or basic?


___________________________________________________________________________

14. Why is it important for cells to buffer solutions against rapid changes in pH? ____________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

15. The acid hydrogen fluoride (HF) can be dissolved in pure water. Will the pH of the solution

be greater or less than 7? ____________________________

Section 2.3 p.45-49: Carbon CompoundsPre

Check


1. Identify the structure and function of macromolecules and how they help perform essential functions of life (Includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.)*

1. Describe the unique qualities of carbon. __________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. What elements does carbon bond with to make up life’s molecule? ____________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Fill in the table below for each of the 4 groups of macromolecules.*

Subunits Elements Functions Examples

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Proteins


4. How many amino acids are found in nature? What is their purpose? ___________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Section 2.4 p.50-53: Chemical Reactions and Enzymes.Pre

Check


1. Identify the reactants and products in biochemical reactions.*2. Describe the structure, function, and importance of enzymes.*

1. Explain how chemical reactions affect chemical bonds. ______________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. Describe how energy changes affect how easily a chemical reaction will occur. ___________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Why is the melting of ice not a chemical reaction? __________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4. Label the parts of the following chemical reaction as: products, reactants and yield sign.*

2H2 + O2 2H2O

5. What happens in a chemical reaction during the “arrow?”* ___________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

6. The graphs below show the amount of energy present during two chemical reactions. One of the reactions is an energy-absorbing reaction, the other is an energy-releasing reaction. Label the type of reaction for each, label the energy level for the reactants and products,


then draw an arrow on each to show the energy of activation.*

Type of reaction: ________________ Type of reaction: ________________

7. What is released or absorbed whenever chemical bonds form or are broken? ___________

8. What role do enzymes play in living things?* _______________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

9. List three factors that can affect the activity of enzymes.* ____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

10. Explain how enzymes work, including the role of the enzyme-substrate complex.* ________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

11. Label the enzyme, active site, substrate and the products in the diagram.*


12. Write what is happening at each numbered part of the diagram.*

(1) ____________________________________________________________________________

(2) ____________________________________________________________________________

(3) ____________________________________________________________________________

12. How is a substrate and its enzyme like a lock and its key?

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

13. What is being unlocked in this analogy? ______________________________________________

V. I can statements: Read the following I can statements and complete the table with evidence you know that I can statement. This could include a sentence, a picture, etc. You MUST complete this section for credit.

TBSection I can statement (*EOB) Evidence

2.1 1a. I can list the three subatomic particles and their charges that make up an atom.*

-

-

-


2.1 2a. I can define the term isotope.

2.1 2b. I can explain how all of the isotopes of an element are similar and how they are different.

Similar-

Different-

2.1 2c. I can define the term ion.

2.1 2d. I can describe how ions form.

2.1 3a. I can describe how a compound is different thank the elements that make it up.

2.1 3b. I can describe the difference between a compound and a molecule

Compound-

Molecule-

2.1 4a. I can describe covalent, ionic, and weak intermolecular attractive forces (hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces).

Covalent bonds-

Ionic bonds-

Hydrogen bonds-

van der Waals forces-

2.2 5a. I can explain the polarity of water.

2.2 5b. I can explain the following Cohesion-


unique properties of water: cohesion, adhesion, and heat capacity.* Adhesion-

Heat capacity-

2.2 5c. I can describe the similarities and differences between: mixtures, solutions, and suspensions.

Mixtures-

Solutions (solutes/solvents)-

Suspensions-

2.2 6a. I can identify an acidic, basic, and neutral solution by its hydrogen ion concentration and pH scale.

Acidic-

Basic-

Neutral-

2.2 6b. I can define buffer and describe their importance in maintaining homeostasis in living things.

2.3 7a. I can define the terms: organic, macromolecule, monomer, and polymer.*

Organic-

Macromolecule-

Monomer-

Polymer-

2.3 7b. I can identify and name the four types of organic macromolecules.*

-

-

-

-

2.3 7c. I can identify the elements present in carbohydrates, lipids,

Carbohydrates-


proteins, and nucleic acids.* Lipids-

Proteins-

Nucleic acids-

2.3 7d. I can identify and name the building blocks of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.*

Carbohydrates-

Lipids-

Proteins-

Nucleic acids-

2.3 7e. I can identify and describe the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.*

Carbohydrates-

Lipids-

Proteins-

Nucleic acids-

2.3 7f. I can construct an explanation based on evidence for how the essential organic molecules can be assembled to form other organic molecules.*

2.4 8a. I can identify the reactants and products in a chemical equation/reaction.*

2.4 8b. I can identify the meaning of an arrow in an equation for a chemical reaction.*

2.4 9a. I can describe how enzymes affect chemical bonds and activation energy.*

2.4 9b. I can interpret an enzyme activity graph.*

(Examples)


2.4 9c. I can describe the following factors that affect enzyme activity: pH, temperature, and regulatory molecules (activator/inhibitors).*

pH-

Temperature-

Regulatory molecules-

2.4 9d. I can explain why enzymes are so important to living things.

VI. Study Guide

The final chapter assessment is on ____________________________

To study for the test I have completed the following:

___ Completing the entire reading guide

___ Rereading the entire chapter

___ Making flashcards

___ Making my own study guide

___ Reviewing all of my notes

___ Reviewing all of my labs

___ Reviewing all of my worksheets


___ Reviewing all of my quizzes

___ Quizzing myself

___ Quizzing a classmate

___ Creating a practice test

___ Outlining the chapter

___ Copying my notes

___Making a graph organizer

___ Getting additional help from my teacher

___ Taking online quizzes/tests on Biology.com website

___ Other (explain: _______________________________)

___ Other (explain: _______________________________)

___ Other (explain: _______________________________)

___ Other (explain: _______________________________)

I predict that I will earn the following grade on my assessment ___________ because ___________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

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