OUHSD WORLD CIVILIZATIONS CALIFORNIA STANDARDS BENCHMARK 2 TEST—2009-10INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND IMPERIALISM

*1 The agricultural changes which took place in England during the 1600s contributed to England’s later industrial development by

A. strengthening the importance of the family farm.

B. breaking large estates into smaller farms.C. encouraging city dwellers to return to

farming.D. producing more food with fewer workers.

2 An important social aspect of the early part of the Industrial Revolution in England was the

A. urbanization of factory workers.B. acceptance of rebellious religious groups.C. removal of the class system.D. development of government-funded housing

and medical care programs.

3 In what ways were railroads an improvement over canals?

A. Railroads could connect two rivers.B. Railroads could connect an inland town to a

coastal port.C. Railroads did not have to follow the course

of a river.D. Railroads were the only form of overland

transportation.

4 Which was a geographic advantage for England in the Industrial Revolution?

A. Coastal mountains.B. Moderate climate.C. Natural harbors.D. Nutrient-rich soil.

*5 Louis Pasteur’s research into germ theory in the 19th century is significant because it

A. created safety standards for machine workers.

B. led to techniques that increased crop production.

C. identified the importance of vitamins to nutrition.

D. proved that cleanliness helps to prevent infections.

6 How did the steam engine affect industrial growth?

A. Goods could be transported to new markets.B. It offered a more efficient source of power.C. Rail transport came to replace sea transport.D. It reduced pollution from oil and coal.

7 Which inventor created a more efficient steam engine?

A. Edison.B. Bell.C. Morse.D. Watt.

8 Identify the inventor of the phonograph, the light bulb and many other important inventions.

A. Edison.B. Bell.C. Morse.D. Marconi.

9 A major result of the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe was that

A. mercantilism replaced capitalism as the dominant economic system.

B. traditional attitudes and values were strengthened.

C. the population in cities declined.D. the middle class increased in number and in

power.

10 What was the main reason the population of England nearly tripled between 1750 and 1850?

A. Agricultural improvements.B. Better sanitation.C. Increased immigration.D. The smallpox vaccine.

Use the information below to answer question 11.

The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day. Stokers emerged from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, and posts, and palings, wiping their swarthy visages, and contemplating coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a stifling smell of hot oil everywhere. The steam-engines shone with it, the mills throughout their many stories oozed and trickled it.

—Charles Dickens, Hard Times, 1854

*11 The historical era most likely referred to in this quotation is the

A. Industrial Revolution.B. Great Awakening.C. French Revolution.D. Enlightenment.

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OUHSD WORLD CIVILIZATIONS CALIFORNIA STANDARDS BENCHMARK 2 TEST—2009-10INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND IMPERIALISM

*12 What historical trend was most responsible for the change in Birmingham’s population shown above?

A. Immigration from the colonies.B. Industrial growth.C. Improvements in urban health care.D. Famine in rural areas.

*13 In the 19th century, labor unions developed mostly in response to

A. increasing unemployment.B. government ownership of business.C. wages and working conditions.D. racial and gender discrimination.

*14 During the Industrial Revolution in England, the failure of social advances to keep up with technological advances led to

A. the reinforcement of mercantile policies to increase industrial production.

B. a change in government from a monarchy to a republic.

C. an increased demand by the working class for reform.

D. the adoption of right-to-work laws.

15 Most early factory workers were women because

A. more women than men sought employment.B. employers could pay women less than men.C. women were less likely than men to have

accidents.D. women were more willing than men to work

long hours.

*16 The American Civil War decreased Europe’s supply of cotton from the American South. What did the Europeans do to maintain the flow of this natural resource for their textile industries?

A. European factory owners agreed to pay a higher price for American cotton.

B. European factory owners supported abolition of slavery to end the Civil War.

C. European factory owners turned to Egypt and India as new sources of cotton.

D. European governments intervened militarily to force the resumption of the trade in cotton.

17 What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?

A. Land, labor, capital.B. Government, military, colonies.C. Raw materials, natural resources, man-made

goods.D. Road, railway, and water transport.

*18 To increase production output during the Industrial Revolution, businesses primarily invested in

A. workers’ wages.B. machinery.C. training.D. marketing.

19 Which statement best reflects the theories in The Communist Manifesto written by: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels?

A. Workers will experience an improved standard of living as capitalism matures.

B. Owners of businesses will eventually realize that conditions for workers must be improved.

C. Workers can expect that working conditions will improve as a result of government legislation.

D. Workers will change working conditions by revolutionary means.

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20 According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was

A. armed revolution to overthrow the proletariat.

B. individual ownership of the means of production.

C. shared ownership by the people of the means of production.

D. the charity and good works of the religious community.

21 Which is more clearly a characteristic of capitalism than of socialism?

A. Government control of the means of production.

B. Political leadership by elected officials.C. Limited economic competition.D. Private ownership of businesses for private

profit.

22 “All forms of life developed from earlier forms. In every case the fittest survived and the weak died out. It is the same for people and nations.”

This passage expresses a view most often found inA. Utopian socialism.B. Fundamentalism.C. Social Darwinism.D. Liberalism.

*23 What late 18th century European artistic movement arose as a reaction against Classicism’s emphasis on reason?

A. Imperialism.B. Realism.C. Romanticism.D. Surrealism.

24 Socialist writers in 19th century Europe were chiefly concerned with

A. spreading European culture.B. reducing crime and racial discrimination.C. solving problems resulting from the

Industrial Revolution.D. defending European imperialism.

*25 At the end of the 1800s, colonies were generally seen as a

A. place to send criminals.B. sign of a country’s power.C. location to train military forces.D. method for suppressing nationalism.

*26 Economically, what allowed Japan to become a colonial power after 1894?

A. Agricultural advances increased the population and forced Japan to look for new land.

B. Japanese trade wars against the United States removed regional competition for colonies.

C. Industrialization allowed Japan to use resources for military and colonial expansion.

D. The Japanese were forced to acquire colonies in Asia when European trade was banned.

27 Both, the French and the British were interested in controlling Egypt in the mid 19th century because Egypt had

A. control of the spice trade.B. an industrial-based economy.C. important mineral resources.D. a strategic location.

28 Throughout the 1900s, an increased need for both raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods led various European nations to pursue policies of

A. imperialism.B. socialism.C. isolationism.D. communism.

29 The 19th century term "white man's burden" means

A. imperialism was opposed by most Europeans.

B. Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans.

C. Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of their colonial peoples.

D. Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help.

*30 In 1900, anti-foreign sentiment in China led to an uprising known as the

A. Nian Rebellion.B. Boxer Rebellion.C. Taiping Rebellion.D. Sepoy Rebellion.

*31 The collapse of the last Chinese Empire in 1912 was caused by the imperial government’s failure to

A. control foreign influence.B. educate the masses.C. enter into alliances with other nations.D. repel communist guerrillas.

*32 In the late nineteenth century, the British commonly referred to the Suez Canal in Egypt as the “Lifeline of the Empire” because itA. held large deposits of coal needed by British

industries.B. provided a strategic shipping route to British

colonies.C. served as a ship-building center for the

British navy.D. irrigated several cash crops in the British

colonies.

continued on next page . . .

Use the map below to answer question 33.

33 In which part of Africa did France have most of its colonies?A. South Africa.B. East Africa.C. West Africa.D. Near the Middle East.

*34 Mohandas Gandhi used his philosophy of non-violent, non-cooperation in an effort to

A. form a Marxist government in India.B. convince his fellow Indians to support the

Allies in World War II.C. persuade Pakistanis to separate from India.D. achieve India’s independence from Great

Britain.

35 By 1914, Ethiopia and Liberia were the only two African countries to

A. establish democratic governments.B. develop industrial economies.C. retain their independence.D. colonize other nations.

Benchmark 2 Test—ANSWER KEY

QQUESTIONUESTION # # SSTANDARDTANDARD AANSWERNSWER SSOURCEOURCE1 10-3 (1) D2 10-3 (1) A3 10-3 (1) C4 10-3 (1) C5 10-3 (2) D6 10-3 (2) B7 10-3 (2) D8 10-3 (2) A9 10-3 (3) D

10 10-3 (3) A11 10-3 (3) A12 10-3 (3) B13 10-3 (4) C14 10-3 (4) C15 10-3 (5) B16 10-3 (5) C17 10-3 (6) A18 10-3 (6) B19 10-3 (6) D20 10-3 (6) C21 10-3 (7) D22 10-3 (7) C23 10-4 (1) C24 10-4 (1) C25 10-4 (1) B26 10-4 (1) C27 10-4 (3) D28 10-4 (3) A29 10-4 (3) C30 10-4 (3) B31 10-4 (4) A32 10-4 (2) B33 10-4 (2) C34 10-4 (4) D35 10-4 (4) C