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Bishops College World Geography 3202Mid Year PRACTICE Examination January 2012

Part One Multiple Choice Choose the BEST Answer 1. Which concept is illustrated in the picture below?(A) food chain (B) food web (C) succession (D) ecosystem

2. In the picture above the smaller bird is a secondary consumer (third trophic level) How would you label the hawk (the larger bird)?(A) Primary consumer (B) Tertiary consumer (C)Decomposer (D) Ecology

3. Which of the following is a change in an organism that allows it to live successfully/survive in its environment?(A) adaptation (B) mutation (C) strategy (D) anachronsim

4. Which of the following is associated with deforestation and land degradation?(A) energy pyramids (B) ecology (C) adaptation (D) desertification

5. Which is a community of plants and animals within a particular physical environment?(A) ecosystem (B) food chain (C) food web (D) pyramid

6. What regions are associated with thick forests of coniferous trees, long snowy winters,and summers with moderate temperatures?(A) boreal forests (B) temperate forest (C) tropical rainforest (D) tundra 7. Which term refers to the increase in the accumulation of toxins in the higher trophic levelof the food chain?(A) biological amplification (B) climax vegetation(C) energy transfer (D) pollution transfer

8. Which is defined as the chief type of plant life that has established itself in a particular climatic region over a long period of time?(A) climax vegetation (B) food chain(C) primary producer (D) trophic level

9. Which group of simple organisms that live in soil or water and include bacteria, fungi and molds, obtain their nutrients from dead plant or animal material by breaking it down into basic chemical compounds?(A) consumers (B) decomposers (C) herbivores (D) producers

10. Why would the 3rd level consumer in a food pyramid have a relatively large concentrationof toxins?(A) Higher level organisms need to consume more food for energy.(B) Higher level organisms need to consume less food for energy.(C) Lower level organisms are more resistant to toxins.(D) Lower level organisms are less resistant to toxins.

11. Which ecosystem experiences low amounts of precipitation and has limited plant life with shallow roots?(A) desert (B) temperate deciduous forest(C) tropical broadleaf forest (D) tundra 13. Which is an example of biological amplification?(A) hawks dying from eating prey exposed to insecticides(B) lake trout dying from exposure to a chemical spill(C) sea birds dying from exposure to an oil spill(D) trees dying from exposure to acid rain

14. Which of the following is a series of interconnecting food chains in an ecosystem.?(A) adaptations (B) food linkages (C) food mesh (D) food web

Geography 3202 January 2012 1

15. Which of the following is a series of interconnecting food chains in an ecosystem.?(A) adaptations (B) food linkages (C) food mesh (D) food web

16. What is pictured in the diagram below right?(A) trophic triangle (B) food web (C) triangle of numbers (D) energy pyramid,

17. What is missing in the diagram above right?(A) secondary producers (B) primary consumers (C) decomposers (D) prosumers 18. What erosional process is shown in the diagram above left?(A) inflation (B) deflation (C) abrasion (D) striation

19. What role do hawks and eagles play within a food chain?A. producersB. herbivoresC. consumersD. decomposers

20. Which type of erosion occurs when a river erodes the its riverbanks or sides of its channel?

Questions 21-24 refer to the map below

21. Which location is dominated by low pressure?(A) W (B) X (C) Y (D) Z

22. Which location is likely to have deserts?(A) W (B) X (C) Y (D) Z

23. Which location may have continental glaciation?(A) W (B) X (C) Y (D) Z

24. Which location is most likely to experience orographic rainfall?(A) W (B) X (C) Y (D) Z

25 Which of the following is “a crescent shaped dune with horns or arms streaming out on either side pointing in the direction of the wind”? (A) barchan (B) drumlin (C) erg (D) compound dune


(A) Lateral (B) Vertical(C) Hydrological (D) Terminal

26. Which of the following involves the direct effect of atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals in the breakdown of rocks, soils and minerals?

Questions 27-28 refer to the photo below

27. Which process is occurring at Z?(A) erosion (B) deposition (C) glaciation (D) striation

28. Which feature will be formed in future?(A) finger lake (B) oxbow lake (C) drumlin (D) ribbon lake

29. Emerging coastlines straighten in much the same fashion as submerging coastlines, which processes are involved in the straightening of coastlines?(A) Volcanism and orogenesis(B) Erosion of headlands as well as the formation of spits beaches and bars(C) Glacial and Fluivial process which result in massive deltaic formations(D) deposition, compaction, lithification, metamorphosis

Questions 30-33 refer to the photo below30. Which of the following features are visible in the photograph?(A) arêtes and cirques(B) moraines and ribbon lakes(C) truncated spurs and kames(D) horns and roche moutonnée

31. Which of the following processes have shaped the landscape in the photograph?(A) plucking and abrasion(B) corrosion and saltation(C) hydrolysis and attrition(D) frost shattering and traction

32. Which depositional feature is shown in the photo? (A) drumlins (B) moraines (C) kettles (D) Stoss and lee

33. Drumlins, eskers and erratics are features formed by(A) coastal erosion (B) river deposition (C) chemical weathering (D) continental glaciation

34. Which of the following match the definition: “the grinding away of bedrock by fragments of rock incorporated in wind”?

35. Which of the following match the definition: “ the protrusions of land that extend the farthest out into wave action”?

36. Which refers to the most common and dominant wind at a given location?(A) hurricane (B) monsoon (C) prevailing (D) trade


(A) Physical weathering (B) Chemical weathering(C) Pseudo weathering (D) Exfoliation

(A) Faulting (B) Erosion(C) Abrasion (D) Folding

(A) Headlands (B) Deltas(C) Bay bars (D) Estuary

37. Which refers to distinct wet and dry seasons in the tropics?(A) convection (B) Coriolis effect (C) prevailing wind (D) monsoon

38. Which are the factors that account for differences in temperature as seasons change (A) In summer longer days result in more heat and the sun’s rays are more direct therefore more heat (B) In winter cold air is less able to hold moisture therefore less able to hold heat (C) In spring moist air is less able to hold heat this causes a lag in the change of seasons(D) In winter shorter days result in more heat and the sun’s rays are less direct therefore more heat 39. Which describes the solstices?(A) refers to the two moments each year when the sun appears to be farthest from the equator(B) direct rays of the sun over the poles(C) occur in March and September(D) refers to the two moments each year when the sun appears to cross the equator

40. Which of the following is the definition of topography?(A)hills, plateaus and mountains(B) the natural and human features of Earth's surface(C) a system involving the interactions between a community of organisms and its nonliving environment(D) lakes rivers and oceans

42. What factors account for variations in sunlight hours as the seasons change?(A) coriolis effect and air pressure (B) prevailing winds and ocean currents(C) rotation and curvature of Earth (D) tilt and revolution

43. What influence does latitude have on temperature?(A) As latitude decreases, temperature decreases.(B) As latitude increases, temperature decreases.(C) As latitude increases, temperature increases.(D) Latitude has no impact on temperature.

44. Which explains why temperatures decrease as we move from the equator to the poles?(A) curvature of Earth(B) movement of air from high to low pressure belts(C) revolution of Earth around the sun(D) rotation of Earth on its axis

45. Which refers to the distance of a location above sea level?(A) elevation (B) gradient (C) latitude (D) longitude

46. Which of the following is a long winding ridge of glacial sediment and gravel, formed within ice-walled tunnels by streams which flowed within and under glaciers?(A) medial moraine (B) outwash plain (C) cirque (D) esker

47. What feature is shown at X ?(A) horst (B) graben (C) fold mountain (D) volcano

48. What sort of forces are shown ?(A) compressional (B) tensional (C) shear (D) compacting

49. What feature is shown at Y ?(A) horst (B) graben (C) fold mountain (D) volcano

50. What feature is shown at Z ?(A) thrust fault (B) reverse fault (C) normal fault (D) shear fault


51. What ecosystem is pictured above left ?(A) tundra (B) boreal forest (C) desert (D) rainforest

52. What feature is shown at A in the graphic above left?(A) low level canopy (B) mid level canopy (C) parapet canopy (D) high level canopy

53. Which ecosystem is pictured in the shaded region in the diagram above right?(A) grassland (B) tundra (C) boreal forest (D) rainforest

54. Which of the following is defined by “directional cumulative change in the types plant species that occupy a given area, through time”? (A) succession (B) adaptations (C) mutation (D) 55. Which of the following correctly describes cloud cover?(A) No cloud cover at night results in even colder nightly temperatures(B) Cloud cover at night results in even colder nightly temperatures(C) No cloud cover during the day results in colder nightly temperatures(D) No cloud cover during the day results in even colder daily temperatures

56. Which two currents have the biggest impact on the climate of Newfoundland and Labrador?(A) The Gulf stream and Humboldt (B) The Alaskan and Humboldt (C) The Alaskan and Labrador (D) The Gulf stream and Labrador

56. What sort of climate is depicted in the climograph below right? (Imperial measurements) (A) Polar (B) Semi Arid (C) Monsoon (D) Boreal Forest

Refer to the picture left below for questions 57-59

57. What phenomena is pictured at A? (A) Cold ocean current (B) warm ocean current (C) chinook (D) prevailing winds

58. What phenomena is pictured at B? (A) convectional rainfall (B) orographic rainfall (C) frontal rainfall (D) cyclonic rainfalls

59. What phenomena is pictured at C? (A) prevailing winds (B) rain shadow (C) rainforest (D) floodplain

60. Which two currents have the biggest impact on the climate of Newfoundland and Labrador?(A) The Gulf stream and Humboldt (B) The Alaskan and Humboldt (C) The Alaskan and Labrador (D) The Gulf stream and Labrador


Instructions: Answer the Questions on the Case Study (20%) AND any two more questions from numbers 64 – 67 (20%) Case Study

The Great Hanshin Earthquake (Kobe -1995)On Tuesday, January 17th 1995, at 5.46 a.m. (local time), an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 on theRichter Scale struck the Kobe region of south-central Japan. This region is the second-mostpopulated and industrialized area after Tokyo, with a total population of about 10 million people.The ground shook for only about 20 seconds but in that short time, over 5,000 people died, over300,000 people became homeless and damage worth an estimated $150 billion dollars wascaused to roads, houses, factories and infrastructure (gas, electric, water, sewage, phone cables, etc).

The Effects of the EarthquakeThe immediate effects of the earthquake are known as primary effects. They include the collapse of buildings, bridges and roads due to the shaking of the crust. During the 20 second earthquake,the ground moved up to 50 centimetres horizontally and up to 1 metre vertically. Some of the deaths were caused by the primary effects. The secondary effects included the fires that broke out all over the city of Kobe, the congestion and chaos on the roads, the closure of businesses and the problem of homelessness. Many more people died in the fires that followed the earthquake.

Many of the older, wooden houses completely collapsed. Fire, triggered by broken gas pipes and sparks from severed electrical cables, caused a huge amount of damage, destroying at least 7,500 wooden homes. Office blocks built in the 1960s of steel and concrete frequently collapsed in the middle so that a whole floor was crushed but the rooms above and below remained intact. Modern buildings, designed to be earthquake proof, did quite well on the whole and suffered little damage, although some were left standing at an angle when the ground beneath them liquefied.

The earthquake caused massive damage to the communication and transportation infrastructure facilities. Debris choking streets was just one of the coincidences that made this earthquake so deadly. Almost all utilities, roadways, railways, the port, and other lifelines to the city center suffered severe damage, greatly delaying rescue efforts. Most lifelines in Kobe were constructed 20-30 years ago, before the most modern construction standards were put into practice. The destruction of lifelines and utilities made it impossible for firefighters to reach fires started by broken gas lines. Large sections of the city burned, greatly contributing to the loss of life.Several sections of motorway, many of which were built above the ground on tall concrete stilts, collapsed or toppled sideways. Railway lines were buckled and many stations damaged. At the port, cranes tilted or fell and 120


(out of 150) quays where ships were moored were destroyed. Port buildings were also badly damaged in many places.

As in most of Japan, much of Kobe’s industry was concentrated near the port on reclaimed land. Strong ground movements led to settlement and liquefaction* in these areas and damage to industry was severe. The difficulties of transporting raw materials and finished goods to, from, and within the region also caused great problems for industries such as Panasonic and Mitsubishi. Industries affected include shipbuilding, steelworks, breweries, pharmaceutical, computer and consumer goods firms.

How did the authorities cope with the earthquake?Japan prides itself on being well prepared for earthquakes. Most new buildings and roads are designed to be earthquake proof, schools and factories have regular earthquake drills, etc. As it turned out, however, things did not go according to plan. Many older buildings collapsed or caught fire. This led to many blocked roads and much homelessness. Telephones and other communication services were put out of action making communication slow and difficult.Electricity and water supplies were badly damaged over large areas. This meant no power for heating, lights, cooking, etc. Clean, fresh water was in short supply. The government and city authorities were criticized for being slow to rescue people and for not finding enough emergency accommodation.

* liquefaction: The act or operation of making or becoming liquid; especially, the conversion of a solid into a liquid by the sole agency of heat.


61. With reference to the case study and your geographical knowledge, explain why earthquakes occur so frequently in Japan. Support your answer.

62. You are a city planner. Based on the case study and your geographical knowledge, what three suggestions you would make to the city council to minimize damage to infrastructure (buildings, roads, rails, electricity, portfacilities, etc) and to reduce the loss of life if another earthquake occurs. Explain why you would make these three particular suggestions.


63. Using an example, explain what effect the introduction of a new organism in an ecosystem would have on that ecosystem?

64. Climatic conditions have a tremendous influence on our work, our leisure time, the meeting of our needs, and sometimes our very survival. Discuss.

65. The Greenhouse Effect


A) Which type of wavelength warms the earth’s surface? (1%)

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B) Which type of wavelength is trapped by clouds and greenhouse gases? (1%)

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C) What is the most dominant greenhouse gas which traps infrared radiation? (1%)

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D) Provide two positive aspects of global warming. (2%)

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E) Discuss the role of clouds in this effect. (2%)

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F) Suggest three lifestyle changes you can make to prevent the negative aspects of global warming. (3%)

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66. Observe the food pyramid below and answer the questions which follow.

A) Explain using one example why the width of each trophic level decreases as energy moves to the top of this food pyramid. (2%)

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B) If your concern is to use the earth’s energy more efficiently, from which level should humans obtain their energy? Why? (2%)

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C) The trophic levels above include grass, mice, prairie dogs, owls, hawks. Assign Four of these to the following categories. (2%)

Producer: Secondary Consumer:

Primary Consumer: Tertiary Consumer:

D) Assume that DDT (a toxic chemical) is sprayed on the producers in this pyramid. Using geographic terms, explain how the top level consumers could be in the greatest danger. (4%)

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67A. Observe the diagram below left. Using geographic terms, explain the major stages in the process whereby this landform feature would straighten throughout geological time and impact this area of coastline. (7%)

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67b. Identify the three features in the diagram above right. Discuss their formation.

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