thegef.org · web view2011/11/15 · the world bank report no: 62210-tg project document on a...

Document ofThe World Bank

Report No: 62210-TG

PROJECT DOCUMENT

ON A

PROPOSED GRANT

IN THE AMOUNT OF US$16,947,408

FROM GFDRR US$ 7,290,000FROM GEF/LDCF US$ 9,157,408

FROM TERRAFRICA US$ 500,000

TO THE

REPUBLIC OF TOGO

FOR A

INTEGRATED DISASTER AND LAND MANAGEMENT (IDLM) PROJECT

NOVEMBER 14, 2011

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(Exchange Rate Effective November 7, 2011)

Currency Unit = XOFFCFA 477.34 = US$1

US$ 1.5748 = SDR 1

FISCAL YEARJanuary 1 – December 31

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AGAIB Agence d’Appui aux Initiatives de Base (Agency in Support of Grass Root Initiatives)

AGETUR Agence d’Exécution des Travaux Urbaines (Agency for Execution of Urban Works)

AMAT Adaptation Monitoring and Assessment ToolARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action PlanAVGAP Association Villageoise de Gestion des Aires Protégées (Village Association

for Participatory Management of Protected Areas)AWM Agriculture Water ManagementAWP Annual Work PlanCAS Country Assistance StrategyCDP Community Development ProjectDA Designated AccountDFCEP Direction du Financement, du Contrôle de l’Exécution et du Plan (Directorate

for Financing, Excecution Control and Plan)DRM Disaster Risk ManagementDRR Disaster Risk ReductionEIREP-PURISE Projet d’Urgence pour la Rehabilitation des Infrastructures et des Services

Electriques (Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project)EA Environmental AssessmentEMP Environmental Management PlanESMF Environmental and Social Management FrameworkESMP Environmental and Social Management PlanEWS Early Warning SystemFM Financial ManagementGDP Gross Domestic ProductGEF Global Environment FacilityGEO Global Environmental ObjectiveGFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and RecoveryGoT Government of TogoHa HectaresHDI Human Development IndexHF High Frequency

HFA Hyogo Framework for ActionICAT Institut de Conseil et d’Appui Technique (Togo Institute for Agricultural

Extension)ICB International Competitive BiddingICF International Consultancy FirmIDLM Integrated Disaster and Land Management ProjectIEM Integrated Ecosystem ManagementIFR Interim Financial ReportIGF Inspection Générale des Finances (Central Financing Control Office)IMF International Monetary Fund INRM Integrated Natural Resources ManagementIPR Independent Procurement ReviewIWRM Integrated Water Resources ManagementKPI Key Performance IndicatorsLDCF Least Developed Country FundMAEP Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Elevage et de la Pêche (Ministry of

Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries)MDGs Millenium Development GoalsMERF Ministère de l’Environnement et des Ressources Forestières (Ministry for

Environment and Forest Resources) NCB National Competitive BiddingNRM Natural Resource ManagementM&E Monitoring and EvaluationNAPA National Action Program of Adaptation to Climate ChangeNGO Non-Governmental OrganizationPA Protected AreaPASA Projet d’Appui au Secteur Agricole du Togo (Togo Agriculture Sector Support

Project) PDNA Post Disaster Needs AssessmentPDO Project Development ObjectivePIM Project Implementation ManualPIU Project Implementation UnitPMP Pest Management PlanPNIASA Programme National d’Investissements Agricoles et de Sécurité alimentaire

(National Agriculture and Food Security Investment Program)PNIERN Programme National d’Investissements pour l’Environnement et les

Ressources Naturelles au Togo (National Investment Program for Environment and Natural Resources)

PPR Post Procurement ReviewPRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy PaperRAP Resettlement Action PlanREDD Reduction of Emission from Deforestation and Degradation of forestRFP Request for ProposalRPF Resettlement Policy FrameworkROSC Reports on the Observance of Standards & CodesSAWAP Sahel And West Africa Program in support of the Great Green Wall Initiative

SCCF Special Climate Change FundSFM Sustainable Forest ManagementSIGFIP Système Intégré de Gestion des Finances Publiques (Integrated Public Budget

Management System)SLM Sustainable Land ManagementSLWM Sustainable Land and Water ManagementSMART Specific, Measurable, Attributable, Relevant and Time-BoundSTAR System for Transparent Allocation of Resources SYSCOHADA Système Comptable pour l’Harmonisation du Droit des affaires en AfriqueTLF TerrAfrica Leveraging Fund TORs Terms of ReferenceTS Technical SecretariatTTL Task Team LeaderUN United NationsUNDP United Nations Development ProgramUN-SPIDER United Nations Platform for Space-Based Information for Disaster

Management and Emergency ResponseVHF Very High FrequencyWAAPP West Africa Agricultural Productivity ProjectWAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union

Regional Vice President: Obiageli Katryn EzekwesiliCountry Director: Madani M. TallSector Director: Sector Manager:

Jamal SaghirJonathan Kamkwalala

Task Team Leader: Shelley McMillan

TOGOIntegrated Disaster and Land Management Project

CONTENTS

Page

I. STRATEGIC CONTEXT...............................................................................................................1A. Country Context...................................................................................................................1B. Sectoral and Institutional Context.......................................................................................2C. Higher Level Objectives to which the Project Contributes.................................................4D. Link with the GEF and Least Developed Country Fund (LDCF) Strategies......................4

II. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES......................................................................................5A. Projective Development Objective (PDO) and Global Environmental Objective (GEO). .5

1. Project Beneficiaries......................................................................................................62. PDO/GEO Level Results Indicators..............................................................................6

III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION.........................................................................................................6A. Project Components.............................................................................................................7B. Project Financing...............................................................................................................10

1. Lending Instrument.....................................................................................................10IV. IMPLEMENTATION..............................................................................................................11

A. Institutional and Implementation Arrangements...............................................................11B. Results Monitoring and Evaluation...................................................................................12C. Sustainability.....................................................................................................................13

V. KEY RISKS..............................................................................................................................14VI. APPRAISAL SUMMARY.......................................................................................................14

A. Economic and Financial Analysis.....................................................................................14B. Technical............................................................................................................................14C. Financial Management.......................................................................................................15D. Procurement.......................................................................................................................15E. Social.................................................................................................................................16F. Environment......................................................................................................................16

ANNEX 1: RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND MONITORING....................................................................18ANNEX 2: DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................23ANNEX 3: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS..............................................................................47

ANNEX 4: OPERATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK (ORAF)............................................67ANNEX 5: IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT PLAN................................................................................69ANNEX 6: TEAM COMPOSITION......................................................................................................71ANNEX 7: INCREMENTAL AND ADDITIONAL COST ANALYSIS.......................................................72ANNEX 8: TOGO’S ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE FOR BIODIVERSITY, LAND DEGRADATION, CLIMATE CHANGE AND FORESTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE OF INTERVENTION.........................91ANNEX 9: MAP OF TOGO...............................................................................................................98

PAD DATA SHEET

TOGOINTEGRATED DISASTER AND LAND MANAGEMENT (IDLM) PROJECT

PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT

AFRWater Resource Management

Date: 11/14/2011 Country Director: Madani Tall Sector Director: Jamal SaghirSector Manager: Jonathan Kamkwalala Team Leader(s): Shelley McMillanProject ID: P123922 and P124198Lending Instrument: Grant

Sector(s): AFTWRTheme(s): Disaster Risk and Sustainable Land ManagementEnvironmental Assessment (EA) Category: B-Partial Assessment

Project Financing Data:Proposed terms:

[ ] Loan [ ] Credit [ x] Grant [ ] Guarantee [ ] Other:

Source Total Amount (US$M)Total Project Cost: $ 16.95

Cofinancing:Borrower:Total Bank Financing:

GFDRR Global Environmental Facility (GEF) / Least Developed Country Fund (LDCF)TerrAfrica Leveraging Fund

$ 16.95

$ 7.29

$ 9.16$ 0.5

Borrower: Government of Togo

Responsible Agency: Ministry of Environment and Forest Resources (Technical Secretariat of the National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction)

Contact Persons: Nelson Akibode, Kossivi Essiomle Telephone No.: (+228) 220 09 06, 913 06 75Fax No.: Email: ([email protected]), ([email protected])

mailto:[email protected]

Estimated Disbursements (Bank FY/US$ m)

FY 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Annual 0.7 1.8 5.8 6.0 2.65

Cumulative 0.7 2.5 8.3 14.3 16.95

Project Implementation Period: March 19, 2012 - February 18, 2016Expected effectiveness date: March 19, 2012Expected closing date: February 18, 2016Does the project depart from the Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) in content or other significant respects?

○ Yes x No

If yes, please explain:

Does the project require any exceptions from Bank policies? Have these been approved/endorsed (as appropriate by Bank management?Is approval for any policy exception sought from the Board?

○ Yes x No○ Yes ○ No

○ Yes x No

If yes, please explain:

Does the project meet the Regional criteria for readiness for implementation?

x Yes ○ No

If no, please explain:

Project Development objective

To strengthen institutional capacity of targeted institutions to manage risk of flooding and land degradation in targeted rural and urban areas.

Global Environmental Objective (GEO)

To expand sustainable land management (SLM) in targeted landscapes and in climate vulnerable areas in Togo.

Project Description

Component 1: Institutional Strengthening and Awareness RaisingInstitutional Strengthening: Capacity of key national, regional, local, and community organizations engaged in disaster risk and sustainable land management (DRM and SLM) will be strengthened through the provision of equipment and training.

Awareness Raising: Awareness about the risks of flooding and land degradation will be enhanced through targeted information campaigns at national and local levels.

Component 2: Community-Based Activities for Adaptation and Sustainable Land ManagementCommunity-Based activities in Watershed and Flood-Prone Areas: Resilience to flooding will be strengthened through targeted pilot activities at the local level that will enable communities to better manage disaster risk and land degradation.

Community-Based activities in Cropland and Grazing Land: Resilience of agriculture to climate change, promotion of land productivity and water-use efficiency and SLM best practices will be piloted and promoted in targeted areas.

Community-Based Sustainable Forest and Wetland Management: Communities will be assisted in preparing sustainable financing plans and in designing small income generation activities in and around select protected areas and forests to reduce pressure on forest resources and restore ecosystem services.

Component 3: Early Warning, Monitoring, and Knowledge Systems Early Warning System (EWS): A nation-wide EWS will be developed to alert communities of upcoming possible flood events and allow them to take appropriate actions to protect lives and property, through enhanced collaboration and communications between the national hydro meteorological services and the Togolese Red Cross. Specific technical equipment and training will also be provided to the key players.

Environmental Monitoring: A country-owned climate and land monitoring system, including geo-spatial data, will be developed to monitor vegetation cover and land use (crop, pasture/range, forest, wetland, protected area, and other relevant categories), and to provide carbon sequestration estimates in select project areas.

Knowledge: An update of the national cartography and targeted risk assessments will be

conducted to identify appropriate disaster mitigation investments and/or risk transfer mechanisms, including hazard, asset, and vulnerability analyses. A guide of select SLM best practices which incorporates climate change impacts will also be developed.

Component 4: Project Management For the project to be effectively implemented, project management functions including fiduciary management, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), technical supervision, reporting and audits, will be covered under this component.Safeguard policies triggered?

Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) Forests (OP/BP 4.36) Pest Management (OP 4.09) Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37)Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60)

x Yes ○ Nox Yes ○ Nox Yes ○ Nox Yes ○ No○ Yes x No○ Yes x Nox Yes ○ No○ Yes x No○ Yes x No○ Yes x No

Conditions and Legal Covenants:

Financing Agreement Reference

Description of Condition/Covenant

Date Due

GEF: 5.01(a)GFDRR, LDCF, TerrAfrica: Section 5.01(a)

The execution and delivery of this Agreement on behalf of the Recipient have been duly authorized or ratified by all necessary governmental action.

Additional Conditions of Effectiveness

GEF: 5.01(b)GFDRR, LDCF, TerrAfrica: Section 5.01(b)

Each Co-financing Agreement has been executed and delivered and all conditions precedent to the effectiveness of each such Co-financing Agreement or to the right of the Recipient to make withdrawals under each such Co-financing Agreement (other than the effectiveness of this Agreement) have been fulfilled.

GEF: 5.01(c) The Recipient has established the Project Steering Committee in accordance with the provisions of Section I.A.1 of Schedule 2 to this Agreement.

GEF: 5.01(d) The Recipient has (i) appointed the following staff to the Technical Secretariat: a Project coordinator, assistant Project coordinator, a procurement officer, a financial management specialist, a disaster risk management specialist, a sustainable land management specialist, a safeguards specialist, a monitoring and evaluation specialist, a secretary and a driver, and (ii) recruited a financial management and procurement consultant, all in accordance with the provisions of Section I.A.2 of Schedule 2 to this Agreement.

GEF: 5.01(e)

The Recipient has adopted the Project Implementation Manual in accordance with the provisions of Section I.D of Schedule 2 to this Agreement.

GEF: Schedule 2.I.E.1GFDRR, LDCF, TerrAfrica: through Section 2.03

Not later than November 30 in each calendar year (or one month after the Effective Date for the first year of Project implementation), the Recipient shall prepare and furnish to the World Bank: (i) a draft annual work plan and budget for the Project (including Training and Operating Costs) for the subsequent calendar year of Project implementation, of such scope and detail as the World Bank shall have reasonably requested; as well as (ii) any Supplemental Social and Environmental Safeguard Instruments which are required for the implementation of the activities included in the draft annual work plan and budget.

One month after the Effective Date for the first year of the Project, thereafter, November 30 in each calendar year

GEF: Schedule 2.II.B.4 GFDRR, LDCF, TerrAfrica: Section 2.05(d)

The Recipient shall appoint, no later than four (4) months after the Effective Date, an external auditor in accordance with the provisions of Section III.C of this Schedule 2 to this Agreement.

4 months after the Effective Date

I. STRATEGIC CONTEXT

A. Country Context

1. Togo is a small country in West Africa with a population of over six million people. Approximately 70 percent of the population lives in rural areas and the economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provide employment to 65 percent of the labour force. Togo remains a very poor country, ranking 139 out of 178 according to the 2010 Human Development Index (HDI). About 62 percent of the population lives below the national poverty line with poverty higher in rural areas. The climate is generally tropical with average temperatures ranging from 27 degrees Celsius on the coast to about 30 degrees Celsius in the northernmost regions. To the south, there are two rainy seasons. The first one takes place between April and July and the second between September and November. While the rainy seasons have shortened in recent years and the annual rainfall has decreased, the frequency and intensity of extreme rain events has increased. These changes to the climate pattern coupled with land degradation exacerbate flooding throughout the country.

2. In May 2002, as a consequence of the political and economic crisis, Togo fell into arrears with the Bank and operations were suspended, along with almost all dialogue and analytical work. Most donors left Togo during the crisis years. This long crisis severely affected the economy of Togo and hampered the capacity of the government to deliver basic social services to the majority of its population. The level of neglect and depletion of natural resources increased the risk of natural disasters and land degradation.

3. The country is now emerging from the crisis years of slow economic growth. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth is estimated at 3.1 percent in 2009 and real GDP per capita barely grew. Togo is unlikely to achieve many of its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. The Government of Togo (GoT) has limited fiscal space and weak mechanisms and capacities to react. In 2009, it adopted the recommendations from a full Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP 2009–2011) with the objective of providing sustainable improvement of people’s living conditions by addressing the principal causes of poverty.

4. Togo’s main economic activities are agriculture, phosphate mining, trade, and transit activities. Agriculture employs two thirds of the population and accounts for about 38 percent of GDP. However, this is mainly subsistence agriculture based on traditional practices and subject to the vagaries of climate and price fluctuations. Yields have been consistently low for food crops and the performance of the main export crops (cotton, coffee, and cocoa) has been deteriorating. Meat and fish production are also low and the country faces massive imports to make up its food deficit. Rural infrastructure is scarce, poorly maintained, and constitutes a major constraint to growth. Economic studies show that agriculture will remain the main source of growth and employment for the foreseeable future.

1

B. Sectoral and Institutional Context

5. Unsustainable land and forest management1 exacerbate erosion and intensify the negative results of climate change, especially flooding. Deforestation, land degradation, and flooding constitute an intertwined problem that requires an integrated approach.

6. There are different levels of risk associated with flooding and soil and coastal erosion within Togo depending on geographic region. In the north, the land is characterized by gently rolling savannas. The centre is characterized by hills and the Togo Mountains stretching across the country. In the south, there are savannas and woodlands that reach to a coastal area that contains extensive lagoons and marshes. Both rural and urban areas in Togo are vulnerable to flooding. The northern half of Togo shares the Upper Volta River Basin with Ghana and Burkina Faso and is vulnerable to water resource management decisions made in these countries. Reversely, decisions taken in Togo can also affect Benin as a downstream country areas along the coast, such as the capital, Lomé, are subject to coastal flooding because of the high levels of coastal erosion.

7. Though Togo experiences some flooding almost every year, between 1983 and 2010, there were ten major floods in Togo and during the last four years, there have been particularly widespread and devastating floods that have had severe consequences including the destruction of infrastructure and cultivated land. Climate change will likely only worsen this flooding trend. In 2008, approximately 11,688 hectares (ha) of cultivated land were washed away by the floods; four schools and eleven key bridges were destroyed, and over 300 kilometers of rural roads were seriously damaged. The destruction of roads and bridges hurt the national economy. Large companies operating in Togo were negatively affected by the spike in transportation costs, which in turn affected government tax revenues. Additionally, Togo lost customs and entrance fees from landlocked countries like Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger that rely on the port of Lomé for the import and export of goods. Many farmers lost an enormous portion of their annual income (if not all), and the affected areas suffered from food shortages. The proliferation of waterborne diseases is a permanent threat when flooding occurs. Precise figures of the damage and losses caused by the 2010 floods are available from the government-led Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA), supported by the Bank2.

8. Land degradation affects at least 85 percent of arable land: it is occurring at a critical level in the Savanna region, in the mountainous area west of the Plateau region, and in the Maritime region of the south. According to Brabant et al.,3 63 percent of the lands are slightly degraded, 21 percent are moderately degraded and 2 percent are severally degraded. The Environmental Profile of Togo Ministry for Environment and Forest Resources (MERF: Ministère de l’Environnement et des Ressources Forestières, 2007) indicates that coffee and cocoa tree planting on deforested land in the southwest quickly leads to erosion. Farmers are also increasingly reporting land degradation in cotton crop areas. Loss of protected areas adds to the problem of land degradation and threatens habitats. Togo has a rich biodiversity including a 1 Such as deforestation, clearing of slopes, inappropriate cropping techniques, non-mastery of the concepts of fertility maintenance, destruction of organic matter, bush fires, overgrazing, and so forth.2 From here on, the Bank refers to the World Bank.3 Brabant P, Darracq S, Egué K et V. Simmonneaux, 1996. Togo. Etat de dégradation des terres résultant des activités humaines. Note explicative de la carte des indices de dégradation. Collection Note Explicative n°112, ORSTOM Eds, Paris, 66 p.

2

variety of ecological conditions that serve as habitats for many plants and animals. . Inventories list 3,752 plant species and 3,458 animal species. The population of many of these species has declined sharply and some of them have disappeared or are endangered. Decrees published between 1939 and 1958 officially delineated 83 protected areas representing 793,000 ha or 14.2 percent of the Togolese territory. However, during the period of social unrest in 1990s, many protected areas were lost. Exploitation of the forests and fauna, deforestation, overgrazing, and introduction of development of agriculture and human settlements reduced the integrity of the protected areas so that many areas are protected only nominally now. Out of the original 793,000 ha of protected areas, 215,000 ha are irreversibly lost or are too costly to rehabilitate. Togo has restructured its PA system which now covers 578,000 ha. A more detailed description of the state of the environment in Togo is available in Annex 8.

9. Water resources and environmental management are crucial elements to reduce disaster-related risks. A number of international agreements emphasize the linkages of environmental management and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), including the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), the Millennium Declaration and the United Nations (UN) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. While these three international agreements have different focuses, they share the view that environmental degradation, poverty, and disaster risk have common causes as well as common consequences for human security and well-being. They also recognize that ecosystem services, environmental management, and environmental information offer opportunities to reduce risk, decrease poverty, and achieve more sustainable development.

10. In 2010, the GoT developed the National Investment Program for Environment and Natural Resources (PNIERN: Programme National d’Investissements pour l’Environnement et les Ressources Naturelles au Togo) to identify and create a budget for national priorities. The PNIERN integrates former plans and strategies within a set of sub-programs including: (a) institutional, legal, financial, and technical capacity-building in the area of sustainable environmental and natural resource management; (b) support for the implementation and dissemination of best practices in environmental and natural resource management in rural areas; (c) attenuating the effects of climate change, disaster management, and risk prevention; and (d) developing and integrating a system of knowledge acquisition and management, M&E, and a communication strategy to support environmental and natural resources management.

11. Under the PNIERN, the National Platform for DRR was strengthened with the support of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The Platform has developed a national strategy for DRR and is charged with mainstreaming the strategy into sector plans, as well as monitoring its implementation. It is also responsible for promoting information dissemination related to DRR, coordinating the work of the government and non-governmental actors and mobilizing funding from national and international donors in support of DRR.

12. The PNIERN also integrates the National Action Program of Adaptation (NAPA) to climate change. The first priority project under NAPA is adaptation of the agricultural production systems in three regions through techniques that integrate climate change and improve agro-meteorological information. The second NAPA priority project is the development of a EWS for real-time information on floods in the Maritime and Savanna regions.

3

13. This project is fully aligned to the PNIERN and also complements other ongoing initiatives such as the Togo Agriculture Sector Support Project (PASA: Projet d’Appui au Secteur Agricole du Togo), the Community Development Project (CDP), the West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program Project (WAAPP) and the Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project (EIREP-PURISE: Projet d’Urgence pour la Rehabilitation des Infrastructures et des Services Electriques).

14. Furthermore, the project builds upon the Interim Strategy Note for Togo (ISN, May 29, 2008, Report No. 43257-TG) with the long-term objective of improving efficiency and sustainability of natural resource management (NRM).

C. Higher Level Objectives to which the Project Contributes

15. The Bank’s worldwide experience in risk management indicates that there is a direct link between disasters and poverty: the occurrence of disasters hampers achievement of the MDGs. Since disasters can hinder development and economic growth, improvements in DRR in Togo are critical for sustainable development.

16. The project is a first step to address ecosystem service restoration and contribute to mitigating natural disasters, particularly flooding and drought. The project is designed to support PNIERN through the following: (a) institutional capacity building for sustainable environment and natural resource management; (b) implementation and expansion of best practices for environment and natural resource management in rural areas; and (c) mitigation of climate change and disasters.

17. The proposed project also responds to NAPA priorities, in particular, the first priority project: Adaptation of the agricultural production systems in three regions (Savanna, Center, and Maritime); and the second priority project: Development of an EWS for real time information on floods.

D. Link with the GEF and Least Developed Country Fund (LDCF) Strategies

18. The proposed project will be developed as a multi-focal plan combining several GEF strategic goals, and one LDCF objective namely:

Contributing to arresting and reversing current global trends in land degradation, specifically desertification and deforestation.

Supporting emerging countries to become climate-resilient by promoting both immediate and longer-term adaptation measures in development policies, plans, programs, projects, and actions.

Contributing to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and the maintenance of ecosystem goods and services.

Achieving multiple environmental benefits from improved management of all types of forests.

19. It is important to note that the project falls under the Sahel and West Africa Program in Support of the Great Green Wall Initiative (SAWAP) approved by the GEF and LDCF/Special

4

Climate Change Fund (SCCF) Councils in May, 2011. This US$ 108 million Program is the largest program ever allocated to a single agency. The Program addresses major issues related to land degradation, including food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, to support sustainable development in twelve countries. These include Burkina Faso, Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Benin, Togo, and Ghana.

20. The GEF support will contribute to safeguarding the eco-system services provided by natural production systems generating intertwined global and local environmental benefits. Global benefits will traverse the different GEF focal areas with (i) increase in biodiversity conservation through improved management of existing protected areas, (ii) increase in carbon stocks (CO2 290,000 t) in vegetation as a result of better managed forest and improved soil conservation and avoided deforestation in the project area and (iii) reduction in the negative trends in land degradation through adoption of better SLM practices. Adaptation benefits will be generated from the uptake of selected climate-resilient practices aiming at improving and consolidating ecosystems services through maintaining or expanding vegetation cover and improve soil quality and water retention. The IDLM project will contribute to improve ability of communities to adapt to climate variability and change.

II. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES

A. Projective Development Objective (PDO) and Global Environmental Objective (GEO)

21. The PDO is to strengthen institutional capacity of targeted institutions4 to manage the risks of flooding and land degradation in targeted rural and urban areas.

22. The GEO is to expand SLM5 in targeted landscapes and in climate vulnerable areas in Togo.

1. Project Beneficiaries 4 Institutions targeted by the project includes Department of Cartography, Department of National Meteorology, National Hydrological Service, Public Work Department, Planning and Water Resources Department, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Togo Institute for Agricultural Extension (ICAT: Institut de Conseil et d'Appui Technique), Environmental Departments of all five regions of Togo, Agricultural Departments of all five regions of Togo, Water and Sanitation Department of Lomé, Fire Brigade, Municipality of Atakpamé, Rainfall stations in Lomé, Tsévié, Tabligbo, Atakpamé and Kouma Konda/Kpalimé, Synoptic Stations in Atakpamé, Weather stations in Lomé and Atakpamé, select Village Development Committees, select Village Association for Participatory Management of Protected Areas (AVGAP: Association Villageoise de Gestion des Aires Protégées), Togolese Red Cross and other select non-governmental organizations (NGO).

5 The definition of SLM adopted in this proposal is based on TerrAfrica’s definition: the adoption of land use systems that, through appropriate management practices, enables land users to maximize the economic and social benefits from the land while maintaining or enhancing the ecological support functions of the land resources. SLM includes management of soil, water, vegetation, and animal resources. It involves a holistic approach that integrates social, economic, physical, and biological assets. For the purposes of this proposal, this definition will encompass other approaches such as integrated natural resources management (INRM), integrated water resources management (IWRM), integrated ecosystem management (IEM), eco-agriculture and SFM, and many facets of sustainable agriculture, agriculture water management (AWM), biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation, such as agroforestry.

5

23. The project will benefit communities living in flood-prone areas in all five regions of Togo (Savanna, Maritime, Plateau, Central, and Kara). The project will also benefit communities settled in the buffer zones of selected protected areas as well as farmers in selected rural areas. A number of key institutions6 will also benefit from the project in terms of increased capacity.

24. Local communities targeted include but not exclusively: Baguida, the district de Djakpa, Atakpamé, the city de Tchamba, Nawaré, Naki, Vogan, Doufelgou and Bombouka, Oti (Savanna), Zio Haho (Plateau – Maritime) and Mono (Central – Plateau) watersheds. Selected Protected Areas are Togodo (Plateau – Maritime), Abdoulaye (Central), Galangashie (Savanna) and Amou Mono (Plateau).

2. PDO/GEO Level Results Indicators

25. Indicator One: Area covered by a functional EWS jointly managed by the Togolese Red Cross, the Department of Meteorology and the Department of Hydrology (km2)7.

26. Indicator Two: Additional land area with SLM practices and/or climate-resilient agricultural practices in targeted areas.

27. Indicator Three: Direct project beneficiaries (number), of which female (percentage).

III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

28. The Togo Integrated Disaster and Land Management (IDLM) Project was born out of the merger of two projects that were both under identification in 2010, namely:

National Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Plan (P123922)Funding source: Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) and

Ecological Support to Agricultural Activities in the National Agriculture and Food Security Investment Program (PNIASA: Programme National d’Investissements Agricoles et de Sécurité Alimentaire) (P124198)Funding source: Global Environment Fund (GEF)

29. The rationale behind the merger of the Togo DRM Country Program and the SLM Project into the IDLM Project can be substantiated at three complementary levels: (a) thematic, (b) institutional, and (c) strategic.

(i) At the thematic level, both projects offer strong synergies and reinforce each other. For example, the GEF/LDCF funded activities which support ecosystem services restoration help reduce and mitigate flooding. Furthermore, sustainable agricultural and forestry practices in the watershed are known to consolidate land coverage, reduce erosion, and improve rain infiltration in the ground. The GEF/LDCF-funded activities thus contribute

6 See footnote 47 A functional EWS is one that is able to inform a target population about an upcoming flood event with a reasonable level of accuracy and providing sufficient lead time to reduce as much as possible the loss of lives and property.

6

to consolidate the outcomes of the DRM activities. Similarly, the GFDRR-funded activities, including small-scale reforestation, tree nursery and tree planting contribute to more sustainable land and water management.

(ii) At the institutional level, both projects fall under the responsibility of MERF to implement so the merger facilitates one coherent program for MERF and the Bank.

(iii) At the strategic level, the newly approved PNIERN has identified institutional capacity building, SLM, and DRM as its three priorities for investment. Both projects fully contribute to the implementation of the PNIERN so merging them into one is logical.

30. In order to take into account the sequencing of GFDRR allocation which comes in two tranches and the closing date of the TerrAfrica Leveraging Fund (TLF) on June 30th 2013, the project is following a two-period approach which will be subsequently implemented. During the first 18 months, activities to be supported by the first GFDRR allocation and the TLF have been identified, including DRM, SLM and other adaptation activities to be piloted at the community level. Successful pilots will be replicated thereafter to maintain continuum.

31. The paragraphs below describe the project components. Additional details are provided in Annex 2.

A. Project Components

32. The project has four components: (a) Institutional Strengthening and Awareness Raising, (b) Community-based Activities for Adaptation and Sustainable Land Management, (c) Early Warning, Monitoring, and Knowledge Systems and (d) Project Management. For further details on the project component level activities, refer to Annexes 2 & 7

COMPONENT 1: INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND AWARENESS RAISING (US$ 3.21 MILLION: $1.26 million from the GFDRR8, $0.30 million from the GEF and $1.65 million from the LDCF)

33. Institutional Strengthening : The capacity of key national, regional, local, and community organizations engaged in DRM and SLM will be strengthened through the provision of equipment and training.

34. During the first eighteen months, communication and water pumping equipment will be provided to the National Civil Defence Department. Combined with specific technical training, this will strengthen the preparedness and response capacity of the Department. Subsequently, the operational capacity of the National Fire Brigade (the main operational structure of the Civil Defence Department) will be significantly strengthened in the Northern areas of the country by rehabilitating and equipping a base in the Kara Region. Further, the capacity of key national, regional, and local institutions involved in managing and promoting SLM will be strengthened through the provision of training and equipment. Training will target experts who play an active role in preventing and managing risks of land degradation. Training will cover an introduction to 8 GFDRR refers to the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery. The TLF is the TerrAfrica Leveraging Fund. The GEF is the Global Environment Facility. LDCF is the Least Developed Country Fund.

7

land degradation phenomena, how these events may be affected by climate change and how prevention, mitigation, and rehabilitation can be improved.

35. Awareness Raising : Awareness about the risks of flooding and land degradation will be enhanced through targeted information campaigns at national and local levels.

36. General awareness campaigns about the risks of flooding and land degradation will be conducted to educate the population about flood-prone areas, flood evacuation plans, and flood prevention, and to improve readiness when such events occur. The campaigns will also raise awareness on how SLM can directly mitigate impacts of flooding and other extreme events such as landslides, mud flows, and drought. The multiple benefits of SLM for improved productivity and livelihood will be disseminated. Climate change resilient SLM techniques will be promoted such as protecting soil cover (mulch, crops, grass, and trees), and improved water productivity (rain water harvesting and runoff/run-on control).

COMPONENT 2: COMMUNITY-BASED ACTIVITIES FOR ADAPTATION AND SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT (US$ 6.81 MILLION: $2.01 million from the GFDRR, $3.32 million from the GEF, $1.48 million from the LDCF)

37. Community-Based activities in Watersheds and Flood-Prone Areas: Resilience to flooding will be strengthened through targeted pilot activities at the local level that will enable communities to better manage disaster risk and land degradation. A map of selected watersheds is available in Annex 8.

38. During the first eighteen months, four small-scale interventions will be implemented on a pilot basis. Interventions will likely include: community improvement of drainage canals in the city of Tchamba (Central Region); community works for the clearing and maintenance of Lac Boko canal and consolidation of the banks (Maritime Region); a study for improvement works on the river Eké (Atakpamé in Plateau Region) and stabilization of Bombouaka reservoir9 through de-silting and reforestation of the surrounding area (Savanna Region). The reservoir is continually threatened from soil erosion in the surrounding area so trees will be planted around the reservoir to help reduce the soil erosion. Similar activities identified during the first eighteen months will subsequently be replicated in other priority vulnerable areas of Togo.

39. Community-Based activities in Cropland and Grazing Land : Resilience of agriculture to climate change, promotion of land productivity and water-use efficiency and SLM best practices will be piloted and promoted in targeted areas.

40. During the first eighteen months, a total of six small-scale interventions will be implemented on a pilot basis at select sites located in the Kara, Maritime, Plateau, and Savanna Regions. SLM best practices will be piloted and promoted with a focus on introducing sustainable agricultural practices that increase resilience to climate change. These activities will address local area needs to increase SLM practices so communities can select those techniques most appropriate for a given environment. These techniques include reforestation, agroforestry, conservation tillage and conservation agriculture, integrated soil fertility, mulch and crop 9 Bombouaka reservoir is a small reservoir primarily for supplying drinking water for Bombouaka and nearby villages. It is approximately 100 m in length, 35 m wide and 4 m high.

8

residues, limiting use of fire in range management, manure management, conservation and restoration of agro-biodiversity and habitats, and integrated watershed management. Similar activities will be later replicated.

41. Community-Based Sustainable Forest and Wetland Management: Communities will be assisted in preparing sustainable financing plans and in designing small income generation activities in and around select protected areas and forests to reduce pressure on forest resources and restore ecosystem services. A map of selected protected areas is available in Annex 8.

42. During the first eighteen months, one small-scale intervention (boundary demarcation of the classified forest in Abdoulate) will be implemented in the Central Region. Later on in implementation, participatory management will be promoted and sustainable financing plans prepared for the communities in the select protected areas. Small income generation projects will also be designed to reduce pressure on forest resources and restore ecosystem services in select protected areas.

COMPONENT 3: EARLY WARNING, MONITORING AND KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS (US$ 5.80 MILLION: $3.33 million from the GFDRR, $1.57 million from the GEF, $0.40 million from the LDCF and $0.50 million from TerrAfrica)

43. Early Warning System (EWS): A nation-wide EWS will be developed to alert communities of upcoming possible flood events and allow them to take appropriate actions to protect lives and property, through enhanced collaboration and communications between the national hydro meteorological services and the Togolese Red Cross. Specific technical equipment and training will also be provided to the key players.

44. During the first eighteen months, equipment needed to monitor meteorological and hydrological parameters in select areas will be provided to the relevant government agencies. A shared working plan and a coordinated approach to better forecast floods in flood-prone rural and urban areas will also be developed. Assistance will be provided to improve communications between the National Hydrological Service, the Ministry of Water and Sanitation, the Togolese Red Cross, and the Department of National Meteorology. The same approach will afterwards be extended to other select areas.

45. Environmental Monitoring : A country-owned climate and land monitoring system, including geo-spatial data, will be developed to monitor vegetation cover and land use (crop, pasture/range, forest, wetland, protected area, and other relevant categories), and to provide carbon sequestration estimates in select project areas.

46. Key baseline data will be gathered during the first eighteen months to prepare for the implementation of the above-mentioned activities. The monitoring system will be based the regional TerrAfrica prototype that was developed in Mali to allow compilation at different local, district, and regional levels. The relevant GEF tracking tools and the Adaptation Monitoring and Assessment Tool (AMAT) will be informed at inception, mid-term and project completion.

47. Knowledge : An update of the national cartography and targeted risk assessments will be conducted to identify appropriate disaster mitigation investments and/or risk transfer

9

mechanisms, including hazard, asset, and vulnerability analyses. A guide of select SLM best practices which incorporates climate change impacts will also be developed.

48. During the first eighteen months, the project will support the update of the cartography for the Greater Lomé area as a basis for a comprehensive approach to the flooding issues affecting the capital city. In addition, in response to the critical situation of the Baguida neighbourhood, which was flooded for over six months during 2010, the project will also support an analytical study of the hydrology, the layout of the settlement and the economic and social profile of the population of this specific area. This study will include an overview of the different possible investment options for improving the situation. The SLM best practices guide will later be developed for dissemination.

COMPONENT 4: PROJECT MANAGEMENT (US$ 1.12 MILLION: $0.69 million from the GFDRR, $0.26 million from the GEF and $0.17 million from the LDCF)

49. For the project to be effectively implemented, project management functions including fiduciary management, M&E, technical supervision, reporting and audits, will be covered under this component.

B. Project Financing

1. Lending Instrument

50. This project will be financed by three sources: a US$7.29 million grant provided by GFDRR, a US$0.50 million grant provided by the TerrAfrica Leveraging Fund and a US$9.16 million grant provided by the GEF/LDCF. The later comes from two different Trust Funds with US$5.4 million from the GEF (STAR and Sustainable Forest Management –SFM- incentive) and US$3.7 million from the LDCF.

2. Project Cost and Financing10

10 The Project Cost does not include in-kind support from the GoT such as secondment of staff to the TS for project implementation.

10

Table 1: Project Financing Table

Project Components Total GEF GFDRR LDCFUS$

million US$ % US$ % US$ % million million million

Component 1:Institutional Strengthening & Awareness Raising

3,117,797 291,262 9.3 1,224,593 39.3 1,601,942

51.4

Component 2: Community-Based Activities for Adaptation & Sustainability

6,612,503 3,222,334 48.7 1,955,862 29.6 1,434,307

21.7

Component 3: Early Warning, Monitoring & Knowledge Systems

5,149,381 1,529,126 29.7 3,231,905 62.8 388,350 7.5

Component 4: Project Management 1,088,676 252,136 23.2 665,310 61.1 171,230 15.7

Total Baseline Costs 15,968,357 5,294,858 33.2 7,077,670 44.3 3,595,829

22.5

Physical/Price Contingencies (3%) 479,051 158,846 33.2 212,330 44.3 107,875 22.5

Component 3: Contribution from TerrAfrica for (i) the update of the Lomé cartography and (ii) an hydrology and settlement study of Baguida11

500,000 - - - - - -

Total Project Costs 16,947,408 5,453,704 33.2 7,290,000 44.3 3,703,704

22.5

51. The financing from GFDRR will predominantly contribute to DRM activities, and the financing from GEF and TerrAfrica will support SLM and SFM activities. LDCF will support the additional costs to improve climate resilience of project activities. The TerrAfrica funds have been fully allocated to component 3 to support (i) the update of the cartography for the Greater Lomé area and (ii) an analytical study of the hydrology, the layout of the settlement and the economic and social profile of the population of the Baguida area.

IV. IMPLEMENTATION

A. Institutional and Implementation Arrangements

52. The National Platform for DRR, established by Ministerial Order of April 17 th, 2007 (Arrêté 012/MERF), is a consultative body that regroups representatives from Ministerial

11 The total project cost is US$16,947,408 including US$500,000 from TerrAfrica. TerrAfrica will finance 100% of Component 3: (i) the update of the cartography for the Greater Lomé area and (ii) an analytical study of the hydrology, the layout of the settlement and the economic and social profile of the population of the Baguida area.

11

Departments. The same Decree established the Technical Secretariat (TS) of the Platform to serve as the operational and administrative body of the Platform. The Technical Secretary is staffed with personnel from the MERF and will serve as the Project Implementation Unit. In addition, to the current staffing complement, additional staff will be seconded to the TS to ensure good governance and implementation oversight.

53. A Steering Committee for the project will be established including representatives from the MERF, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, and the Ministry of Water, Sanitation and Village Hydrology and the GEF focal points. . The proposed institutional framework and the associated organogram are attached in Annex 3.

54. The Steering Committee will meet at least twice a year to assess the progress made by the project and to review and approve the annual work plans (AWPs).

55. As stated above, the TS will be strengthened with the necessary additional staff to support the project implementation. The TS will include a Project Coordinator and an Assistant Coordinator. In addition to the overall coordination of the project, the Project Coordinator will be specifically responsible for overseeing the implementation of the DRM activities, while the Assistant Coordinator will be responsible for the SLM and adaptation activities. The MERF will be responsible for staffing the TS with qualified personnel to cover all project implementation functions including project coordination, financial management, procurement, safeguards, and M&E.

56. Given that this is the first Bank project the MERF is implementing and the need to proceed quickly with implementation, the TS will sign a Management Fiduciary Contract with The Agency for Execution of Urban Works (AGETUR: Agence d’Exécution des Travaux Urbaines). It is expected that this contract will be for a limited period of time (18 months) during which AGETUR will train the TS in fiduciary management in compliance with Bank procedures.

57. Specifically for Component 2, the responsibility for implementation of the community-level activities will be delegated to the five regional AGAIBs because this approach builds on the existing institutions already in place at the local level and is more cost effective than setting up implementation units solely for this project in the five regions. As such, the TS will contract each of the five regional AGAIBs. The AGAIBs will in turn make sub-project grants to community, represented by their village development committees, to finance sub-project identified and implemented by the communities or NGOs. The TS will provide general technical and fiduciary oversight.

58. The choice of using the services of AGETUR and the AGAIBs is further motivated by their experience in implementing other Bank operations in Togo. More specifically, AGETUR is the delegated executing agency for the Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy Project (EIREP) and the AGAIBs are the delegated executing agencies for the Community Development Project (CDP).

B. Results Monitoring and Evaluation

59. The PDO has been carefully selected to reflect the integrated DRM/SLM approach and to respond to the expectations of the GEF, LDCF, and GFDRR grants.

12

60. As this project is part of the wider SAWAP, some project indicators are linked to the SAWAP’s Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in order to measure the SAWAP’s achievements through aggregation. Annex 3 provides further details on how project indicators will contribute to KPIs of the Sahel and West Africa Program in support of the Great Green Wall program.

61. Similarly, the project has integrated indicators from the GEF Focal Area Results Framework and LDCF/SCCF Framework in compliance with the GEF and LDCF Expected Outcomes and Core Outputs to which the project contributes (see Annex 3). The relevant GEF tracking tools and climate change AMAT will also be monitored three times in the course of the project (inception, mid-term and completion).

62. M&E activities will be built into the TS’s institutional structure (See Annex 3 on Implementation Arrangements). Under Component 4 of the project, the MERF will make available an M&E expert to measure implementation progress in relation to the M&E framework and to complete the GEF/LDCF Tracking Tools including a Carbon sequestration estimate. The TS will establish the mechanisms for data collection in collaboration with the AGAIBs AGETUR and other relevant stakeholders involved in project implementation.

C. Sustainability

63. The GoT is a signatory of the HFA which is the key international agreement for DRR. In addition, the GoT has been particularly successful in establishing a working National DRR Platform which is considered a model in West Africa. This strategic commitment has been confirmed during preparation of the project through high level support from MERF and the Prime Minister’s Office. The political commitment of GoT towards SLM is also clearly demonstrated through GoT’s decision to join TerrAfrica in 2010. The PNIERN then followed translating their commitment into action.

64. Apart from the strong commitment and ownership at the political level, sustainability will be ensured through the capacity building in the project design. The institutional arrangement has been set-up to ensure a steady transfer of competences (such as FM, procurement, M&E) to the TS and the MERF. Furthermore, during the first eighteen months, over 10% of project resources are allocated to institutional strengthening, capacity building, and improving cooperation among national directorates and agencies such as the Meteorological and Hydrological Departments and the Togolese Red Cross. These strengthened capacities will continue to benefit the DRM and SLM areas beyond the project completion.

65. For pilot activities at the community level, great emphasis will be placed on activities that respond to real and strongly perceived needs. The TS will sign contracts with each of the regional AGAIBs for execution of the community level activities. The regional AGAIBs are well established at the local level and have been successful in executing similar projects under the Bank-funded Community Development Project. A description of the mechanism to execute the community level activities as well as the reporting system between the TS and the AGAIBs is described in Annex 3.

13

V. KEY RISKS

66. The overall project risk rating is moderate (see Annex 4 for details). Although the TS has shown strong commitment in pursuing the DRM and SLM agendas, government structures and related skills, experience as well as work flows and oversight mechanisms are new and not sufficiently tested. The TS has no prior experience with implementing Bank- financed projects and this may pose the most significant risk. Hence, as previously mentioned, AGETUR will be subcontracted for procurement and FM purposes, while the TS develops the competence for Bank fiduciary compliance. In addition, since this is the first Bank-financed project under the MERF, the project has been specifically designed to be relatively simple to implement.

VI. APPRAISAL SUMMARY

A. Economic and Financial Analysis

67. It is widely recognized that investing in disaster prevention and mitigation is more cost-effective than post-disaster reconstruction12. Although this project merely begins to build the foundations for a comprehensive DRM framework in the country, it is a crucial first step in the right direction. It should be noted that the project clearly targets building comprehensive and efficient EWSs, which are considered the most cost-effective mechanisms to reduce the loss of life and property in the case of natural disasters. Based on this consideration along with the lack of reliable baseline data and the need to proceed quickly to prepare the country for probable upcoming flood events, a full-fledged economic and financial analysis was not conducted.

B. Technical

68. All DRM and SLM technologies supported by the Project are readily available and have already been tested in neighbouring countries, showing proven benefits. In addition, DRM and SLM offer strong synergies and reinforce each other. By supporting ecosystem services restoration, SLM activities contribute to reduction and mitigation of flood magnitude and to climate change adaptation. Sustainable agricultural and forestry practices in the watershed are known to consolidate land coverage, reduce erosion, and improve rain infiltration in the ground. SLM activities thus contribute to consolidate the outcomes of the DRM activities. Conversely, by planning to invest in small-scale reforestation, tree nursery and tree planting, the DRM program acknowledges the multiple benefits of sustainable land and water management on the ground.

69. The main focus of the National DRM Program is on flood prevention and flood management. Two different approaches should be adopted for the Greater Lomé urban area as opposed to rural settlements.

70. The Greater Lomé area is characterized by high population density and numerous ill planned human settlements. This creates the conditions for potentially large scale periodic flooding with significant consequences in terms of damage to property and infrastructure, as well as loss of lives either directly or as an effect of the difficult public health situation in the 12 The most recent and comprehensive analysis in this regard can be found in Natural Hazards, Unnatural Disasters, The Economic of Effective Prevention, World Bank, 2010

14

aftermath of the disaster. Intervening in the greater Lomé urban area requires careful planning and a long term strategic vision. The cartography prepared under the Project will be an essential basis for this.

71. Rural areas in Togo, on the other hand, are less densely populated, with a series of small communities under constant threat of recurring flooding of varying intensity and land degradation. The best strategy to cope with flood risk in this context appears to be the wide-spread utilization of Early Warning Systems (EWS), coupled with targeted community based interventions to reduce environmental degradation and promote better land management.

72. The Togolese Red Cross currently manages a functional EWS based on flood warning poles (balises) in key river bed locations, valorization of local flood indicators, community training and awareness, grass-roots network of volunteers, mobile phone communication and alert, identification of safe heavens, and simulation exercises. The geographical coverage of this mechanism will be expanded and even more importantly its effectiveness will be increased by establishing a close collaboration with the National Meteorological Department and the National Hydrological Department. These two institutions, adequately supported by the DRM National Plan, will have the capacity to provide timely and reliable crucial information on the weather and the level and speed of water courses to the National Red Cross.

C. Financial Management

73. The Technical Secretariat (TS), which will act as the PIU, will handle the overall FM responsibility of the project with support from AGETUR as a fiduciary agency at the central level, and regional AGAIBs at the community level. AGETUR and regional AGAIBs are well staffed and have relevant experience in implementing Bank-financed projects including adequate accounting systems which will be applied to the project. A project manual (including FM and accounting procedures) was prepared by the TS, taking into account necessary mitigation measures for risks identified for the project in order to comply with the Bank’s minimum requirements as defined by the Operational Policies (OP) and Bank Procedures (BP) on FM.

74. To prevent fraud and corruption risks inherent to the public sector in Togo, the following measures have been incorporated into the project design: (a) agreement on regular internal audit missions to be completed by the Togo Finance General Inspectors Team which will be reinforced by the recruitment of an internal audit consultant, and, (b) review of a reasonable sample of grants by the financial auditor each year to ensure that community-based activities are pursuant to the agreed procedures and that funds are used for their intended purposes.

D. Procurement

75. An assessment of procurement capacity of MERF has been conducted during project preparation. Major risks identified are the lack of experience and skills to conduct the procurement process as required by the Bank’s procurement guidelines and procedures, and the lack of a procurement manual. The existence of a (new) procurement unit (Commission de Passation de Marché) and of an internal procurement control committee (Commission de Contrôle des Marchés Publics) within MERF, has been taken into account. Actions to be

15

implemented to strengthen the procurement process are outlined in the Procurement Management Action Plan (see Annex 3).

76. The following mitigation measures have been agreed: (a) capacity building of the TS by hiring a civil servant as a Procurement Officer dedicated to the project; (b) contracts with AGETUR and the regional AGAIBs for procurement implementation assistance; and (c) the preparation of a procurement manual. The Procurement Officer will work under the supervision of AGETUR and will be responsible for overall coordination and compliance of procurement procedures for the project. The TS has prepared the Procurement Plan covering the first eighteen months of project implementation and procurement documents will be submitted for Bank review in accordance with Bank requirements.

E. Social

77. The project is expected to generate significant social benefits through improvements which would reduce vulnerability to flooding and limit land degradation trends. Select public works focused on soil and water conservation activities can help mitigate the effects of floods and other extreme events and provide a more secure social environment for targeted populations. Improvements in drainage are likely to result in reductions in water-borne illnesses and a reduction in the frequency and impact of flooding on households and businesses. In the project areas where SLM and SFM practices will be introduced, the expected socioeconomic benefits for the communities derive from the reduced impact from climate change. Overall the project is expected to contribute positively to employment and livelihood opportunities and provide an environment conducive to the expansion of local economic activity.

78. As the project may involve some land acquisition/involuntary resettlement and/or loss of access to resources or livelihoods, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) were prepared by the TS and approved by the Bank. The RPF has been disclosed in-country and through the Info Shop on June 28, 2011.

F. Environment

79. The project is category B. The environmental and social safeguard issues of the project are primarily associated with the activities of Component 2: Community-Based Activities. Five safeguards policies have been triggered: Environmental Assessment (EA), Pest Management, Forests, Natural Habitats and Involuntary Resettlement. The overall environmental impact of the project is positive, especially as the planned activities can help mitigate the effects of floods and other extreme events on agricultural lands, forests, and critical habitats. However, some limited negative impacts may arise during project implementation, such as temporary degradation of soil, air, water, and noise environments to surrounding communities during construction and/or production. These impacts will be localized and proper mitigation measures during construction and/or production could minimize or even eliminate them. Finally, the community-level activities are pilot in nature and all river-related activities will be limited to small localized rivers or streams. Therefore, there will be minimal or no impact to river flows and no impact to international waterways.

16

80. As mentioned above, the appropriate environmental safeguards instruments have been prepared. The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) explains in detail what needs to be considered during project implementation including site-specific Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) which have to be prepared and disclosed prior to the commencement of civil works. Since the project also could involve the use of pesticides, the Pest Management Policy has been triggered and a Pest Management Plan (PMP) has been finalized. The ESMF and the PMP have been disclosed in-country and through the Info Shop in accordance with Bank requirements on June 28, 2011.

Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project Yes No

Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) [X] [ ]Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [X] [ ]Pest Management (OP 4.09) [X] [ ]Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) [ ] [X]Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) [ ] [X]Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) [X] [ ]Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [X] [ ]Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ] [X]Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) [ ] [X]Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60)* [ ] [X]

**By supporting the proposed project, the Bank does not intend to prejudice the final determination of the parties' claims on the disputed areas.

17

http://intranet.worldbank.org/WBSITE/INTRANET/OPSMANUAL/0,,contentMDK:20064640~pagePK:60001255~piPK:60000911~theSitePK:210385,00.html











http://go.worldbank.org/NADINE51G0

http://go.worldbank.org/66GIFR88F0






http://www.worldbank.org/environmentalassessment

ANNEX 1: RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND MONITORING

TOGO: IDLM PROJECTResults Framework

Project Development Objective (PDO):

To strengthen institutional capacity of targeted institutions to manage risk of flooding and land degradation in targeted rural and urban areas.

Global Environmental Objective (GEO):

To expand SLM in targeted landscapes and in climate vulnerable areas in Togo.

PDO Level Results Indicators* C

ore Unit of

Measure

Bas

elin

e

Cumulative Target Values** Frequency Data Source/Methodology

Responsibility for Data Collection

Description (indicator definition etc.)

YR 1 YR 2 YR3 YR 4

Indicator One: Area covered by functional EWS jointly managed by the Togolese Red Cross and the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology.

Thousand Km2

0 6 8 12 16 Annually Project records and reports

Togolese Red Cross/Meteorological and Hydrological Departments

A functional EWS is one that is able to inform a target population about the upcoming flood event with a reasonable level of accuracy and providing sufficient lead time to reduce the loss of lives and property as much as possible. This indicator covers the surface, including river basins and vulnerable habited areas, where the 3 institutions work together on the EWS. This indicator is also a proxy to measure the improved adaptive

18

capacity of the targeted institutions.

Indicator Two: Additional land area with SLM practices and/or climate-resilient agricultural practices in targeted areas.

Hectare - 0 60 500 1,200 Annually Project records and reports

AGAIB/ TS/Agriculture

Targeted areas are places where SLM

and climate resilience in the agriculture sector are introduced and/or strengthened. This indicator will be reported by crop, range, forest, wetlands, and protected areas.

Indicator Three: Direct project

beneficiaries, of which female.

Number (thousand) and (% female)

00 250(20%)

1,500(20%)

2,000(20%)

2,500(20%) Yearly Activity

Reports13 TS, AGAIB

There are approximately 6.6 million inhabitants in Togo. This indicator gives the number of beneficiaries including women.

13 Obtained from demographic data, Study on the State of the Nation (Etudes sur les Circonstances Nationales), Second National Communication of Togo, 2010

19

INTERMEDIATE RESULTS

Intermediate Result (Component One): Institutional Strengthening and Awareness Raising

PDO Level Results Indicators* C

ore Unit of

Measure

Bas

elin

e Cumulative Target Values** Frequency Data Source/Methodology

Responsibility for Data

CollectionDescription (indicator

definition etc.)

YR 1 YR 2 YR3 YR 4

Intermediate Result Indicator One: Water pumping capacity of Department of Civil Protection.

m3/h 396 592 1,182 2,960 2,960 Annually Project records and reports

Civil Protection/TS

Based on additional pumps procured.

Intermediate Result Indicator Two: Number of Meteorological and Hydrological Stations equipped. % of total

Number

10

2

25

5

45

9

65

13

75

15Annually

Project technical reports

Meteo/ Hydro/TS

There are currently 18 meteorological and/or hydrological, including synoptic stations, and 2 base stations in Lomé. By the end of the project, at least 75% of the 20 Togolese stations will be equipped. The minimum set of equipment based on which Department will be defined by the TS in consultation with the Bank.

Intermediate Result Indicator Three: Number of radios provided to the Civil Defense Department of Lomé.

Number 0 13 26 30 40 AnnuallyProject technical reports

Civil Protection/ TS

The Civil Defense Department of Lomé has about 400 staff. With 40 radios, 100% of the communication capacity needs are covered.

Intermediate Result Indicator Four: Number of persons informed on adaptation and reduction of risk from land degradation and flooding.

Number (thousand

)0 0.5 5 30 75 Annually Project records

and reportsAGAIB/TS/-Agriculture

This indicator is to measure strengthening awareness of targeted population to risk of land degradation and flooding which will improve resilience of the targeted communities. Targeted population includes students, farmers, and other groups living in climate vulnerable areas.

Intermediate Result Indicator Five: Number 0 0 100 250 400 Annually Project

technical Forestry/Agriculture/

This indicator is to measure the improved adaptive

20

Number of staff trained on technical adaptation themes.

reports TS

capacity of the targeted institutions. The adaptation themes are flooding and resilience in agricultural practices. Targeted institutions include 400 civil servants from select forestry and agriculture extension units.

Intermediate Result (Component Two): Community-based Activities for Adaptation and Sustainable Land Management

Intermediate Result Indicator One: Length of rehabilitated drainage canals and length of protected riverbank.

Km 0 20 30 50 70 Annually Project records and reports

AGETUR/AGAIB/TS

Intermediate Result Indicator Two: SLM tools and approaches introduced at local level.

Number - 2 3 4 5 Annually Project records and reports AGAIB/TS

SLM tools and approaches include any technique that will combat land degradation either in cropland, grazing land or forests.14 The same technique implemented in different regions will be counted as one tool or approach. The tool or approach will be considered introduced when demonstrated on-site.

Intermediate Result Indicator Three: Effectiveness of management of the targeted protected areas and forests.

Score - 15 25 40 75 Annually Project records and reports AGAIB/TS

Interview-based score measure through the GEF Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool. This indicator will be measured for two Protected Areas.

Intermediate Result (Component Three): Early Warning, Monitoring, and Knowledge Systems

PDO Level Results Indicators*

Cor

e Unit of Measure B

ase Cumulative Target Values** Frequency Data Source/

MethodologyResponsibility

for Data Collection

Description (indicator definition etc.)

14 Examples of SLM practices include integrated soil fertility, conservation agriculture, rainwater harvesting, smallholder irrigation management, cross-slope barriers, agroforestry, sustainable planted management such as afforestation, and sustainable forest management such as fight against bushfire, and so forth.

21

line

YR 1 YR 2 YR3 YR 4

Intermediate Result Indicator One: Area covered by updated cartography and topography.

Km2

(thousand) 0 0.4 0.4 9 9 Annually Project records and reports

Department of Cartography/TS/ University of Lomé15

Updated cartography is considered only.

Intermediate Results Indicator Two: Area covered by the monitoring system of land use vegetation cover. Ha

(thousand) - - 200 300 450 Annually Project records and reports

Department of Cartography/TS/University of Lomé/Agricultural Research Center (ITRA)

The monitoring system will allow the update of the Country Land Degradation Map last updated in 1994. Land use category (crop, range, forest, wetlands and protected areas) will also be integrated. Based on this monitoring system, Togo will be able to measure related carbon accumulation estimate.

*Please indicate whether the indicator is a Core Sector Indicator (see further http://coreindicators)**Target values should be entered for the years data will be available, not necessarily annually.

15 Department of Geography (Département de Géographie)

22

http://coreindicators/

ANNEX 2: DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1. This annex presents the specific activities to be supported under each component of the project.

2. To take into account the sequencing of GFDRR allocation which comes in two tranches and the closing date of the TerrAfrica Leveraging Fund (TLF) on June 30th 2013, the project is following a two-period approach which will be subsequently implemented. During the first 18 months, activities to be supported by the first GFDRR allocation and the TLF have been identified, including DRM, SLM and other adaptation activities to be piloted at the community level. Successful pilots will be replicated thereafter to maintain continuum.

3. The activities expected to be carried out in the first eighteen months, have been clearly defined and indicatively budgeted by the TS and are summarized in the next section. At the end of this annex, a cost table is provided for activities which will be supported during the first 18 months (Table 2). Table 3 lists the activities to be supported with GEF and LDCF funding. Another table (Table 4) provides a preliminary list of selected SLM techniques and their benefits in regards to climate change.

COMPONENT 1: INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND AWARENESS RAISING (US$ 3.12 MILLION)

4. Institutional Strengthening : The capacity of key national, regional, local, and community organizations engaged in DRM and SLM will be strengthened through the provisions of equipment16 and training17.

5. Currently the operational capacity of the Department of Civil Protection is entirely concentrated in Lomé and limited to 300 firemen with very little equipment. The most urgent requirements are for the purchase of: one 10 ton truck for transport of equipment and personnel; two high frequency (HF) radios; 30 very high frequency (VHF) fixed, handheld, and mobile radios; one high volume water pump; suction and discharge pipes. 16 A provisional list of institutions that are going to be equipped includes : General Directorate of Cartography, General Directorate of Meteorology, Station pluvio Lomé, Station pluvio Tsévié, Station pluvio Tabligbo, Station pluvio Atakpamé, Directorate of Hydrology, Station pluvio Kouma Konda/Kpalimé, Atakpamé Synoptic Station, Atakpamé Synoptic Station Park , Directorate of Planning and Water Resources, Togolese Red-Cross, 5 Regional Directorates for the Environment, Technical Secretariat for the national RRC platform, Agricultural and Technical Council Institute Togolese Institute for Agronomy Research, Fire Fighters Corp/Civil Defense Department, Local Communities.

17 A provisional list of institutions targeted for training is provided here below: General Directorate of Meteorology, Station pluvio Lomé, Station pluvio Tsévié, Station pluvio Tabligbo, Station pluvio Atakpamé, Station pluvio Kouma Konda/Kpalimé, Atakpamé Synoptic Station , Atakpamé Synoptic Station Park, Lomé Climatologic Station, Atakpamé Climatologic Station, Togolese Red-Cross, Regional Directorates for the Environment NGOs, local partnerships and groups, NGO Assistance Group, NGO AE2D, NGO SEED, Regional and Prefectoral Directorates for the Environment of Centrale, Regional and Prefectoral Directorates of Kara, Agriculture Regional and Prefectoral Directorates , Technical Secretariat RRC/UIP, Television, radios, private and public news papers (TVT, TV2, LCF, Radio Lomé, Nana FM, RTDS etc.), Fire fighters Corp/Civil Defense Department, public and private schools and universities, AGAIB (Maritime, Plateaux, Centrale, Kara, Savanes), local communities.

23

6. In addition, during the first eighteen months, communication and water pumping equipment will be provided to the National Civil Defence Department of Lomé. Combined with specific technical training, this will strengthen the preparedness and response capacity of the Department.

7. Later on in implementation, the equipment needs for the operational base in Kara to take care of emergencies in the northern regions of the country will be assessed and considered for financing under this component. In addition, ten DRR platforms will be operationalized.

8. To ensure smooth coordination with related projects in particular in the environmental and in the agricultural sectors, a coordination system will be developed and implemented. The recently established National Agency for Environmental Management that has the authority to oversee the implementation of the overall PNIERN will support this coordination effort.

9. Further, the capacity of key national, regional, and local institutions involved in managing and promoting climate-resilient agricultural practices will be strengthened through the provision of training and equipment. In close coordination with the PASA, the WAAPP, and the DRR activities, training courses on climate-resilient agricultural practices will be developed based on the approach successfully developed by RARE18. To this end, a budget has been allocated to recruit a consultant who will support the implementation of the RARE approach in the training program. The GoT will identify priority areas and key partners from public and private entities and will focus on developing and delivering training courses that address national and local needs and climate change risk. Extension agents will be trained to promote and apply SLM techniques and climate-resilient technologies. The capacities of producer organizations and extension agents will be strengthened to support the introduction of climate-resilient agricultural practices including the dissemination of varieties resistant to water stress. In addition, the capacities at the local government level will be strengthened to manage forest and pastoral areas more effectively. The training program is expected to benefit to 400 persons from civil society organizations and 400 civil servants from forest and agriculture extension units. Crop varieties and animal species identified for stronger resilience to climate change will be promoted and disseminated to farmers. Furthermore, a training center for each region will be rehabilitated and equipped to host this type of training and trainers will be trained so that the capacity building carried out under the project can be scaled-up thereafter. Training will target experts playing an active role in preventing and managing risks of land degradation and flooding. Training will cover an introduction to these phenomena, how these events may be affected by climate change, and how prevention, adaptation, mitigation and rehabilitation can be improved.

10. Awareness Raising : Awareness about the risks of flooding and land degradation will be enhanced through targeted information campaigns at national and local levels.

11. General awareness campaigns about the risks of flooding and land degradation will be conducted to educate the population about flood-prone areas, flood evacuation plans, and flood prevention, and to improve readiness when such events occur. These activities will be closely coordinated with UNDP and will include development and distribution of 15,000 copies of the comic strip “A la découverte des Changement Climatiques” (Discovering Climate Change). The awareness raising campaign will be conducted by producing documentaries and sponsoring 18 For more information, consult http://rareconservation.org

24

awareness raising programs disseminated through television, radio, and the press. In line with this media campaign, the production and dissemination of posters, flyers, and T-shirts is anticipated.

12. The awareness campaign will continue throughout implementation, especially at the community level. Emphasis will be on educating school children on DRM, flood reduction and mitigation, and the multiple benefits of SLM. The campaigns will also raise awareness on how SLM can directly mitigate the impacts of flooding and other extreme events such as landslides, mud flows, and drought. Climate change resilient SLM techniques will be promoted such as protecting soil cover and improving water productivity. Awareness raising campaign will be organised in 100 villages. Farmer organizations will be promoted on bush fire control, agro-forestry, and forest management.

COMPONENT 2: COMMUNITY-BASED ACTIVITIES FOR ADAPTATION AND SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT (US$ 7.07 MILLION)

13. Community-Based activities in Watershed and in Flood-Prone Areas : To strengthen resilience to floods, targeted pilot activities that will enable communities to better manage disaster risk and land degradation, will be implemented at the local level.

14. Several community-based activities have already been identified by the TS in consultation with the MERF. During the first eighteen months, these activities include: cleaning of six kilometers of the Canal Gbaga from overgrown vegetation to establish the natural flow of the waterway and reduce the risk of flooding in the surrounding villages; community improvement of drainage canals in the city of Tchamba (Central Region); study for improvement works on the river Eké (Atakpamé in the Plateau Region), and stabilization of the Bombouaka reservoir through de-silting and reforestation of the area surrounding the reservoir (Savanna Region). Similar activities will afterwards be identified and prioritised for financing for other vulnerable areas in Togo. Restoration of the adaptive capacity of the ecosystem will be piloted for better flood control through restoration of natural waterways, reforestation of hillsides and watersheds and bush fire control (Savanna, Maritime and Kara regions). Community-Based activities in Cropland and Grazing Land: To increase resilience of agriculture to climate change and to promote land productivity and water-use efficiency, SLM best practices will be piloted and promoted in targeted areas.

15. Activities will include: introducing climate-resilient agricultural practices such as integrated soil fertility, conservation agriculture, rainwater harvesting, smallholder irrigation management, cross-slope barriers, agroforestry, sustainable planted management19, and sustainable forest management20 coupled with broader watershed and landscape planning, building stronger and more resilient ecosystems that will reduce vulnerability to land degradation, floods, and drought. (Refer to Table 4 of this Annex). Specific effort will be made to support improving local capacities to prevent and fight bush fires.

16. Specific interventions to be carried out during the first eighteen months include: soil restoration and carbon sequestration in the district of Djakpa; land management support of rural 19 Includes afforestation20 Includes fight against bushfire

25

communities (Amou); a study to illustrate and map good SLM practices by agro-ecological zones; restoration of three pilot sites in the degraded areas of Nawara (Kara), Naki (Savanna), and Vogan (Maritime); restoration of the mountain slopes of Défalé in Doufelgou.

17. Subsequent interventions will target areas covered by the PASA to introduce techniques such as conservation agriculture, cross slope barriers, agroforestry or natural regeneration. Innovative approaches will also be carried out on a pilot basis in Savanna, Kara and Maritime regions.

18. Community-Based Sustainable Forest and Wetland Management: To reduce pressure on forest resources and restore ecosystem services, communities will be assisted in preparing sustainable financing plans and in designing small income generation activities in and around select protected areas and forests.

19. During the first eighteen months, one small-scale intervention (boundary demarcation of the classified forest in Abdoulate) will be implemented on a pilot basis in the Central Region.

20. Participatory management will be promoted and sustainable financing plans prepared in 15 community forests (3,000 ha) later on during implementation. Small income generation projects based on identified protected areas will also be designed to reduce pressure on forest resources and restore ecosystem services such as carbon sink from reduced forest degradation. Coordination with the Village Development Committees and the Village Association for Participatory Management of Protected Areas (AVGAP: Association Villageoise de Gestion des Aires Protégées) will be sought. Steep slopes at land degradation risk will be rehabilitated (500 ha). Improved bush fire management will be developed and implemented. Management plan will be developed for wetlands in Oti, Zio, Haho and Mono Rivers Basins.

21. A number of cross-cutting support activities are envisioned for the successful implementation of Component 2, especially in order to fulfil the safeguard requirements specific to this component. These activities include training of field agents, identification field missions, M&E, and AGAIB support. A budget has been included for the preparation of the cross-cutting support activities and for field-based supervision missions.

COMPONENT 3: EARLY WARNING, MONITORING AND KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS (US$ 5.16 MILLION)

22. EWS: To alert communities of upcoming possible flood events and allow them to take appropriate actions to protect lives and property, a nation-wide EWS will be developed through enhanced collaboration and communications between the national hydro meteorological services and the Togolese Red Cross. Specific technical equipment and training will also be provided to the key players.

23. The Togolese Red Cross currently manages a functional EWS based on flood warning poles (balises) in key river bed locations, the identification of local flood indicators (for example, a hippopotamus leaving the rivers for higher grounds), community training and awareness, a grass-roots network of volunteers, mobile phone communication and alerts, identification of safe heavens, and simulation exercises. This EWS mechanism has been implemented in one hundred priority communities since 2008. During the first eighteen months, it will be expanded to another

26

two hundred priority communities. In addition, its effectiveness will be increased by enhancing the collaboration between the National Meteorological Department and the National Hydrological Department by strengthening their monitoring and forecasting capacity.

24. Plans to expand and strengthen the existing community-based EWS have been defined and agreed among the Meteorological Department, the Hydrological Department, and the Red Cross through a process facilitated by the TS. The activities to be supported during the first eighteen months include:

(a) Support to the Meteorological Department. Acquisition of 50 rainfall gauges; re-equipping of key weather stations; and training. A study will also be conducted to identify the needs for the meteorological and hydrological services in the Plateau, Central, Kara, and Savanna Regions.

(b) Support to the Hydrological Department. Installation of two hundred river level gauges (echelles limnimetriques) and six river level recorders (limnigraphes). One inflatable boat for hydrological and oceanographic work will also be purchased.

(c) Support to the Red Cross. Water poles (balises), mopeds, bicycles, and some office equipment will be purchased. 570 field workers (community-based Red Cross volunteers) and 42 early warning focal points will also be trained.

25. A multi-risk EWS targeting farmers will be developed and agro-meteorological information will be made more accessible. In addition, a web-based national integrated geographical system with data on SLM, DRM and climate change

26. Environmental Monitoring : To monitor vegetation cover and land use (crop, pasture/range, forest, wetland, protected area, and other relevant categories), and to provide carbon sequestration estimates in select project areas, a country-owned climate and land monitoring system, including geo-spatial data, will be developed.

27. Key baseline data will be gathered during the first eighteen months to prepare for the implementation of the above-mentioned activities. The monitoring system will be based the regional TerrAfrica prototype that was developed in Mali to allow compilation at different local, district, and regional levels and will also include bush fires. Mapping of the national land area and forest cover will be carried out and 5 regional forest inventories developed using an ecosystem based approach. In addition, information systems for monitoring land use and vegetation cover as well as monitoring of bushfires in targeted areas will be developed and operationalized. The relevant GEF tracking tools and the Adaptation Monitoring and Assessment Tool (AMAT) will be informed at inception, mid-term and project completion.

28. Knowledge : To identify appropriate disaster mitigation investments and/or risk transfer mechanisms, a partial update of the national cartography will be financed and targeted risk assessments will be conducted, including a hazard, asset, and vulnerability analysis that takes into account locational, structural, operational, and socio-economic vulnerabilities. Similarly, to support the adoption of SLM in Togo, a guide of select best practices integrating likely impact from climate change.

27

29. During the first eighteen-month period, the update of the cartography for the Greater Lomé area as a basis for developing a comprehensive approach to the flooding issues affecting the capital city will be conducted.

30. In addition, in response to the serious situation of the Baguida neighbourhood, which was flooded for over six months during 2010, an analytical study of the hydrology, the layout of the settlements and the economic and social profile of the population of this specific area will be done. The study will also include an overview of the possible investment options to address the flooding problem in the area.

31. The best practices guides on climate-resilient agricultural innovative DRM practices will be developed later on implementation and validated at national level. These guides will then be disseminated as part of the awareness raising campaign.

COMPONENT 4: PROJECT MANAGEMENT (US$ 1.11 MILLION)

32. For the project to be effectively implemented, project management functions including fiduciary management, M&E, technical reporting and audits, will be covered under this component.

33. Support to the TS will build upon the foundation laid by UNDP which has supported these institutions since their inception. Given the pilot nature of some of the planned interventions, the particularly important role of M&E during the first eighteen months will also be emphasized. The project cost by funding source is given on table 1 below.

28

Table 1: Project Costs by Funding Source

Project Components Total GEF GFDRR LDCFUS$

million US$ % US$ % US$ % million million million

Component 1:Institutional Strengthening & Awareness Raising

3,117,797 291,262 5.3 1,224,593 16.8 1,601,942

43.3

Component 2: Community-Based Activities for Adaptation & Sustainability

6,612,503 3,222,334 59.1 1,955,862 26.8 1,434,307

38.7

Component 3: Early Warning, Monitoring & Knowledge Systems

5,149,381 1,529,126 28.0 3,231,905 44.3 388,350 10.5

Component 4: Project Management 1,088,676 252,136 4.6 665,310 9.1 171,230 4.6

Total Baseline Costs 15,968,357 5,294,858 97.1 7,077,670 97.1 3,595,829

97.1

Physical/Price Contingencies (3%) 479,051 158,846 2.9 212,330 2.9 107,875 2.9

Component 3: Contribution from TerrAfrica for (i) the update of the Lomé cartography and (ii) an hydrology and settlement study of Baguida21

500,000 - - - - - -

Total Project Costs 16,947,408 5,453,704 100 7,290,000 100 3,703,704

100


29

Table 2: Activities to be implemented in the first 18 months

ActivityQuantity

orRegion

Unit price CFA CFA USD Funding Source

Component 1. Institutional Strengthening and Awareness Raising

Institutional Strengthening

A. Equipment for Civil Defense Department

Radio and communication equipment

1.A.1 Radio HF BLU Fixe 2 1,500,000 3,000,000 6,059GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.A.2 Radio VHF Fixe 2 780,000 1,560,000 3,151GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.A.3 Radio VHF mobile 13 450,000 5,850,000 11,816GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.A.4 Radio VHF hand-held 15 350,000 5,250,000 10,604GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.A.5 Relay antennas 2 2,500,000 5,000,000 10,099GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.A.6 Portable chargers 30 35,000 1,050,000 2,121GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Water pumping equipment

1.A.9 10 ton truck 1 65,000,000 65,000,000 131,286GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.A.10 Motor-pumps 1 7,000,000 7,000,000 14,139GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.A.11 Aspiration Hoses 65 250 8,500 2,125,000 4,292GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.A.12 Discharge hoses 65 250 1,000 250,000 505GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.A.13 Funnels 65 12 13,000 156,000 315GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.A.14 Joints 65 12 1,500 18,000 36GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.A.15 O-rings 65 12 1,500 18,000 36GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Subtotal 1.A 96,277,000 194,459

30

ActivityQuantity

orRegion


B. Equipment for project implementation

1.B.1 Vehicles 1 30,000,000 30,000,000 60,594GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.B.2 Motorcycles 1 800000 800000 1,616GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.B.3 Desktop + Stabilizer 3 1,200,000 3,600,000 7,271GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.B.4 Portable computers 2 800,000 1,600,000 3,232GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.B.5 Network printer 2 300,000 600,000 1,212GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.B.6 Scanner 1 150,000 150,000 303

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.B.7 Video projector 1 700,000 700,000 1,414GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.B.8 Photocopier 1 200,000 200,000 404GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.B.9 Financial management software 1 4,718,000 4,718,000 9,529GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.B.10 Office renovation 1 7,000,000 7,000,000 14,139GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Subtotal 1.B 49,368,000 99,713

Awareness Raising

C. Education and Awareness Activities-

1.C.1 Printing and dissemination of comic strip on climate change 20,000,000 40,396GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.C.2 Posters, leaflets, hats and t-shirts 7,000,000 14,139GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.C.3Documentaries, broadcasting, publications (television, radio, press) 7,950,000 16,057

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

1.C.4 Guide and catalogues on good practices for SLM 8,000,000 16,158GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Subtotal 1.C 42,950,000 86,750

31

ActivityQuantity

orRegion


Subtotal Component 1 188,595,00

0 380,922

Component 2. Community-Based Activities for Adaptation and Sustainable Land Management

Community-Based activities in Flood-Prone Areas

2.A.1Community works for the clearing and maintenance of Lac Boko canal and consolidation of the banks Maritime 40,832,000 82,472

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

2.A.2 Study for improvement works on the river Eké (Atakpamé) Plateau 3,000,000 6,059GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

2.A.3Community improvement of drainage canals in the city of Tchamba Central 29,500,000 59,584

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

2.A.4 Stabilization of Bombouaka dam through reforestation Savanna 5,243,250 10,590GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Community-Based activities in Cropland and Grazing Lands

2.A.5Contribution from community groups to soil restoration system and carbon sequestration in the Canton de Djakpa Plateau 900,000 1,818

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

2.A.6Support to rural communities (Amou) for integrated land management Plateau 10,000,000 20,198

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

2.A.7Restoration of three pilot areas in the degraded sites of : Nawaré (Kara), Naki (Savanna) and Vogan (Maritime)

Maritime, Kara, Savanna 10,800,000 21,814

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

2.A.8Restoration of mountain sides of Défalé in Doufelgou, Nord Togo Kara 15,000,000 30,297

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Community-Based SFM

2.A.9 Boundary demarcation of the classified forest in Abdoulate Central 12,000,000 24,237GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Cross-Cutting Community-Based Support Activities

2.A.10 Safeguards related Community information campaigns 10,000,000 20,198GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

2.A.11

Training of field agents from Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries (MAEP: Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Elevage et de la Pêche), Togo Institute for Agricultural Extension (ICAT: Institut de Conseil et d’Appui Technique) and of Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) on good practices for SLM 7,500,000 15,148

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

32

ActivityQuantity

orRegion


2.A.12 M&E, with field trips 20,000,000 40,396GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

2.A.13 Implementation support to local DRR platforms 13,000,000 26,257GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

2.A.14Field mission to evaluate activities to implement after the first 18 months i.e. sites, players, etc. 9,000,000 18,178

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

2.A.15 AGAIB Management Fees 39,066,265 78,905GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Subtotal 2.A.1 225,841,51

5 456,151


5 456,151

Component 3. Early Warning, Monitoring, and Knowledge Systems

EWS

A. Support to the National Meteorological Agency

3.A.1 Rainfall gauges with stand 50 160,000 8,000,000 16,158GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.A.2 General Equipment for meteo stations 1 6,200,000 6,200,000 12,523GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.A.3 Technical set for meteo stations 1 1,500,000 1,500,000 3,030GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.A.4 General Equipment for synoptic station in Atakpamé 1 22,000,000 22,000,000 44,435GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.A.5 Technical set for synoptic station in Atakpamé 1 2,000,000 2,000,000 4,040GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.A.6 Training for rain monitors (50) and climate monitors (6) 56 8,000,000 16,158GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.A.7 Connectivity (phone lines, internet, computers) 10,000,000 20,198GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.A.8 Installation costs 3,000,000 6,059GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.A.9Identification study for HydroMet needs in the regions: Plateau, Central, Kara and Savanna 4 3,000,000 12,000,000 24,237

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.A.10 Certification training for officials in the first year of the 2 3,000,000 6,000,000 12,119 GFDRR/GEF/

33

ActivityQuantity

orRegion


project LDCF

Subtotal 3A 78,700,000 158,957

B. Support to the Hydrological Department

3.B.1 River level gauges – various sizes 200 30,000 6,000,000 12,119GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.B.2 River level recorders (automatic recording) 6 4,000,000 24,000,000 48,475GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.B.3

Installation of the equipments for the hydro stations and the accessories for the river level gauges and the river level recorders.

Refer 3.B.1. 3.B.2. 8,000,000 16,158

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.B.4 Training of monitors 3,000,000 6,059GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.B.5 Updating training 2 3,000,000 6,000,000 12,119GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.B.6Inflatable dinghies (Zodiacs) for hydrology and oceanographic works 1 7,000,000 7,000,000 14,139

GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.B.7 Connectivity 5,000,000 10,099GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.B.8 Awareness campaign for river population against vandalism 3,000,000 6,059GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Subtotal 3.B 62,000,000 125,227

C. Support to the Togolese Red Cross

3.C.1 River poles 20 144,000 2,880,000 5,817GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.C.2 Contract for training of 570 field agents (volunteers) 1 35,398,957 40,351,000 81,922GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.C.3 Contract for training 42 focal points 1 8,350,000 8,350,000 16,865GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.C.4 Motorcycles 18 1,800,000 32,400,000 65,441GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.C.5 Bicycles 190 45,000 8,550,000 17,269GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.C.6 Portable computers 2 800,000 1,600,000 3,232GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

34

ActivityQuantity

orRegion


3.C.7 Printers 1 300,000 300,000 606GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

3.C.8 Photocopier 1 550,000 550,000 1,111GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Subtotal 3.C 94,981,000 191,839

Knowledge Systems

D. Studies for the City of Lomé –

3.D.1 Cartography of Greater Lomé 176,701,00

0 356,897 TerrAfrica

3.D.2 Hydrology and settlement study of the area of Baguida 53,900,000 108,866 TerrAfrica

3.D.3

Validation study with cartography and pictures of good practices for SLM as applicable to Togo in the various agro-ecological areas. 12,000,000 24,237 TerrAfrica

Subtotal 3.D 242,601,00

0 490,000


0 966,023

Component 4. Project Management

A. Operational Support to TS

4.A.1 Stationery 1,000,000 2,020GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

4.A.2 Telephone 800,000 1,616GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

4.A.4 Audits 3,000,000 6,059GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

4.A.5 Fuel 17,857 560 9,999,920 20,198GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

4.A.6 Intranet network and maintenance 1 1,200,000 1,200,000 2,424GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

4.A.7 Steering Committee meetings (4) 4 1,000,000 4000000 8,079GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

4.A.8 Project inception workshop 1 3,000,000 3000000 6,059GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

35

ActivityQuantity

orRegion


4.A.9 Missions in the country 20,000,000 40,396GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

4.A.10 Missions abroad 15,000,000 30,297GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Office Equipment 5,000,000 10,099GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

4.A.18 Full office 3 -

4.A.19 Bookshelves 3 -

4.A.20 Chairs for visitors 6 -

Subtotal 4.A 62,999,920 127,246

B. Management Fees for AGETUR

4.B.1 AGETUR 31,709,250 64,046GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

4.B.2 Fiduciary management contract with AGETUR 9,988,590 20,175GFDRR/GEF/LDCF

Subtotal 4.B 41,697,840 84,221


0 211,467

Subtotal Components 1-4 997,414,27

5 2,014,563

CONTINGENCY FUND (3%)

Contingency Fund 29,922,428 60,437

Subtotal H 30,502,500 60,437

GRAND TOTAL (A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H) 1,027,916,7

75 2,075,000

NOTE: This Table was prepared by the TS between December 2010 and January 2011 applying the exchange rate of 1 USD = 495.102 FCFA

36

Table 3: GEF/LDCF supported activities

Project Components Expected Outcomes Expected Outputs

Trust Fund

Grant Amount ($)

Component 1. Institutional Strengthening and Awareness Raising

Outcome 1.1. Strengthened capacity of key national, regional, local, and community organizations engaged in disaster risk and sustainable land management (DRM and SLM)

Output 1.1.1. Capacity building and training program on climate-resilient agriculture and DRM is developed and implemented (40 training modules spread over 70 training sessions) for (i) 400 beneficiaries from the civil society and for (ii) 400 servant servants from selected forestry units and agricultural extension units.

LDCF 900,000

Output 1.1.2. Operationalization of 10 local DRR platforms and small equipment provided to related units (meteorology, hydrology, and fire control).

LDCF 150,000

Output 1.1.3. A multi-partner/ multi-sector coordination mechanism is established and implemented (8 events). GEF 50,000

Output 1.1.4 . Climate-resilient agricultural techniques are promoted at community level with 5 local training centers upgraded and equiped including demonstration plots and 15 trainers trained. Individual follow-up training will be provided to farmers.

LDCF 300,000

Output 1.1.5. Nursery specialists trained to produce climate-resilient crop varieties/species and animal species resilient to climate stress (200 specialists and 5 varieties/crops). Farmers and livestock rearers will be educated and supported to produce thesecrop varieties and animal species.

LDCF 300,000

Outcome 1.2. Strengthened awareness on sustainable land management at community level

Output 1.2.1. Farmers organizations strengthened to implement sustainable land management with committees on bush fire prevention, replanting and forest management (50 farmers organizations).

GEF 100,000

Output 1.2.2. Awareness raising on harmful effects of deforestation and bush fires in 100 villages located in vulnerable watersheds along rivers, lakes and hillsides. GEF 150,000

Component 2. Community-Based Activities for Adaptation

Outcome 2.1. Sustainable forest management practices introduced in targeted

Output 2.1.1. Sustainable conservation and restoration activities in 50,000 ha recurrently exposed to bush fires including installing firebreaks, equipping local communites to fight bushfires, and promotion of alternatives to traditional practices which lead to fires.

GEF1,249,004

37


Trust Fund

Grant Amount ($)

and SLMareas

Output 2.1.2. Participatory management plan and chart developed and implemented in 3 targeted communities shared forests in each of the 5 regions (200 ha each). GEF 300,000

Outcome 2.2. Resilience of agro-ecosystem to climate change strengthened in targeted areas.

Output 2.2.1. Introduction of practices to increase land productivity and water-use efficiency and other climate-resilient practices over 5,000 ha in the most climate vulnerable areas targeted by the PASA.

LDCF 477,336

Output 2.2.2. Restoration of the adaptative capacity of the ecosystem for enhanced flood control through innovative approaches piloted in vulnerable priority areas: (i) reforestation of hillsides and bush fire control (500 ha in Savanna, Maritime and Kara regions) (ii) restoration of natural waterways (Maritime Region) and (iii) desiltation of small reservoirs and reforestation of surrounding areas(Savanna Region).

LDCF 1,000,000

Outcome 2.3. Good management practices applied in and around select protected areas

Output 2.3.1. Participatory sustainable financing plans prepared and small scale income generation activities (IGA) designed and piloted targeting 8 female groups and 16 development village committees in selected protected areas (Abdoulaye, Amou Mono, Galangashie and Togodo). 500 ha of hillside protected against erosion.

GEF 700,000

Output 2.3.2. Management plans for 3 Protected Areas. GEF 150,000Output 2.3.3. Integrated management of 3 wetlands and 1000 ha of riverbanks sustainably restored (1000 ha) with selected tree varieties (bamboos, pyrophytes, etc) and development of related tree nurseries in the Oti, Haho and Mono river basins.

GEF 920,000

Component 4. Early Warning, Monitoring, and Knowledge Systems

Outcome 3.1. Communities better warned against climate risks

Output 3.1.1.Multi-risk Early Warning System piloted at community level. LDCF 200,000

Output 3.1.2. Operationalisation of a web-based national integrated geographical system with data on SLM, DRM and climate change. LDCF 50,000

Outcome 3.2. Vegetation cover and land use are better

Output 3.2.1. Mapping of national land and forest cover for information on carbon sequestration and development of 5 regional forests inventories.

GEF 1,000,000

38


Trust Fund

Grant Amount ($)

monitored at national level

Output 3.2.2 Operationalization of the information system for monitoring land cover and land use and monitoring of vegetation fires in targeted areas: (i) an inventory of 35 forests lands is established, along with (ii) an operational unit for ecological monitoring.

GEF 575,000

Outcome 3.3. Knowledge generated and disseminated

Output 3.3.1. Development and dissemination of guides and toolkits on climate-resilient agricultural practices and innovative DRM practices (10 guides translated in local languages) and farmer exchange study tours (2 model farms selected per region).

LDCF 100,000

Output 3.3.2. Development and dissemination of an illustrated catalog (translated in local languages) on best practices including indigenous best practices, for lowering the risks of climate-induced disasters at community level. Early warning simulation exercises for vulnerable areas in the 5 regions will also be carried out.

LDCF 50,000

8,721,340For the project to be effectively implemented, project management functions including fiduciary management, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), technical supervision, reporting and audits, will be covered under this component

GEF: 259,700LDCF: 176,367

436,067

Total project costs 9,157,407

39

Table 4: Preliminary list of selected SLM techniques and benefits with regard to climate change22

SLM Techniques

Description Suitable locations in Togo (Region)23

Benefit with regard to climate change

Short Term benefit Cost ratio

Long term Benefit-cost ratio

Conservation Agriculture: Minimum Tillage and Direct Planting

The traditional slash-and-burn land use system in West Africa – involving clearing natural vegetation followed by 2-5 years of cropping – has become unsustainable as land pressure has greatly increased, shortening fallow periods. Under the SLM practice of ‘minimum tillage and direct planting’, land is prepared by slashing the existing vegetation and allowing re-growth up to 30 cm height. A glyphosate-based herbicide is sprayed with a knapsack fitted with a low-volume nozzle. The residue is left on the soil surface without burning. After 7–10 days, direct planting is carried out in rows through the mulch. Maize is the main crop planted under this system. Planting is practiced manually using a planting stick. The mulch layer has several important functions: it helps to increase and maintain water stored in the soil, reduces soil erosion, contributes to improve soil fertility (after crop residues have decomposed in subsequent seasons) and it efficiently controls weeds by hindering their growth and preventing weeds from producing seeds. (Technique documented in Ghana).

Kara SE, Plateau W

The technology is tolerant to climatic extremes, contrary to the traditional slash-and-burn practice.

Neutral Positive

Conservation Agriculture: Small-Scale Conservation Tillage

Small-scale conservation tillage involves the use of ox-drawn ploughs, modified to rip the soil. An adaptation to the ordinary plough beam makes adjustment to different depths possible and turns it into a ripper. Ripping is performed in one pass, to a depth of 10 cm, after harvest. Deep ripping (sub-soiling) with the same implement is done, when necessary, to break a plough pan and reaches depths of up to 30 cm. Ripping increases water infiltration and reduces runoff. In

Maritime The technology is tolerant to climatic extremes, contrary to the traditional slash-and-

Positive Very positive

22 Based on the SLM in Practice - Guidelines and Best Practices for Sub-Saharan Africa, WOCAT 2011, 243 p. (http://knowledgebase.terrafrica.org/fileadmin/user_upload/terrafrica/docs/topic_page/SLM_in_Practice_english.pdf.)23 Analysis based on the comparison of ecological conditions in the case study and in Togo.

40

http://knowledgebase.terrafrica.org/fileadmin/user_upload/terrafrica/docs/topic_page/SLM_in_Practice_english.pdf

contrast to conventional tillage, the soil is not inverted, thus leaving crop residues on the surface. As a result, the soil is less exposed and not so vulnerable to the impact of splash and sheet erosion, and water loss through evaporation and runoff. In well-ripped fields, rainfall from storms at the onset of the growing season is stored within the rooting zone, and is therefore available to the crop during subsequent drought spells. Ripping the soil during the dry season combined with a mulch cover reduces germination of weeds, leaving fields ready for planting. In case of stubborn weeds, pre-emergence herbicides are used for control. (Technique documented in Kenya).

burn practice.

Integrated Soil fertility Management: Compost Production

Compost is produced in shallow pits, approximately 20 cm deep and 1.5 m by 3 m wide. During the dry season after harvesting, layers of chopped crop residues, animal dung and ash are heaped, as they become available, up to 1.5 m high and watered. The pile is covered with straw and left to heat up and decompose. After 15–20 days the compost is turned over into a second pile and watered again. This is repeated up to three times – as long as water is available. (Technique documented in Burkina-Faso).

Savanna, Maritime

No data Very positive

Very positive

Rainwater harvesting: Tassa Planting Pits

Tassa planting pits are used for the rehabilitation of degraded, crusted land. This technology is mainly applied in semi-arid areas on sandy / loamy plains, often covered with a hard pan, and with slopes below 5%. Planting pits are holes of 20-30 cm diameter and 20-25 cm depth, spaced about 1 m apart in each direction. They are dug by hand. The excavated earth is formed into a small ridge downslope of the pit for maximum back capture of rainfall and runoff. Manure is added to each pit, though its availability is sometimes a problem. The improved infiltration and increased nutrient availability brings degraded land into cultivation. Common crops produced in this water harvesting system are millet and sorghum. (Technique documented in Niger).

Savanna, Maritime

Increased tolerance due to water harvesting

Slightly positive

Positive

Smallholder Irrigation Management: Spate Irrigation

It is a water diversion and spreading technique under which seasonal floods of short duration – springing from the rainfall-rich highlands – are diverted from ephemeral rivers (wadis) to irrigate cascades of leveled and bunded fields in the coastal plains. The

Savanna, Maritime

Tolerant to climatic extremes (adapted to

No data No data

41

diversion structures include the following elements: (1) the ‘agim’, a temporary 3-4 m high river diversion structure on the low-flow side of the wadi, made from brushwood, tree trunks, earth, stones and / or boulders, erected to divert a large part of the flow during a spate flow to adjacent agricultural fields; (2) a primary, and several secondary distribution canals; unlined, bordered by earthen embankments; convey and spread the floodwater to the irrigable fields; (3) the fields, rectangular shaped, of about 1–2 ha, separated by earthen bunds. Floodwater is distributed from field to field: when a field is completely flooded (to a depth of about 0.5 m), water is conveyed to the immediate downstream field by breaching one of the bunds. This process continues until all the water is used up. Arable fields need to be flooded several times. (Technique documented in Eritrea).

unpredictable heavy floods)

Cross Slope Barriers: Grassed Fanya Juu Terraces

A fanya juu terrace is made by digging a trench and throwing the soil uphill to form an embankment. A berm prevents the embankment soil from sliding back into the trench. On the embankment a grass strip is established, serving a triple purpose: it stabilises the earth structure through its roots, it enhances siltation of eroded soil particles, and it is used as a fodder source for livestock. Often napier (Pennisetum purpureum), or makarikari (Panicum coloratum var. makarikariensis) are used in the drier zones. In semi-arid areas the structures are laid out along the contour to maximise water retention, whereas in subhumid zones they are laterally graded to discharge excess runoff. Spacing of terraces ranges from 9 - 20 m, according to slope and soil depth. On a 15% slope with a moderately deep soil, the spacing is 12 m between the structures and the vertical interval around 1.7 m. (Technique documented in Kenya).

Savanna, Central, Maritime N

Tolerant to climatic extremes (e.g. rain storms); Water conservation effect increases resilience to periods of water stress


Cross Slope Barriers: Konso Bench Terraces

The traditional Konso Bench Terraces are established by building up stone embankments along the contour and gradually levelling the land in between risers. Levelling is done actively and by siltation processes. Stone walls have to be enhanced periodically. The appearance of the technology evolves over time from stone embankments to bench terraces. The stone walls are supported on

Savanna, Central, Maritime

Tolerant to climatic extremes (e.g. rain storms); Water conservation

Slightly positive

Positive

42

the downslope side by trees and / or legumes including coffee, pigeon pea, etc. The purpose of the structures is to break the slope length and reduce runoff concentration thereby controlling erosion, increasing water stored in soil and harvesting eroded sediments. Terraces have a long tradition in the area, and farmers are specialists in construction of stone walls. The first step during terrace establishment is to dig foundation up to 30 cm. Then stone walls are gradually built up to an impressive height of 1.5 - 2 m above the ground. The technology is very labour intensive: Establishment takes 5 years and bi-annual maintenance is required. However, it is worth the effort, since without terracing crop production would not be thinkable in a marginal area characterised by shortage and high variability of rainfall, shallow, stony soils on steep slopes, high levels of soil erosion and (thus) frequent food shortages. (Technique documented in Ethiopia).

effect increases resilience to periods of water stress

Agroforestry: Shelterbelts

On the vast denuded plains of Pays Kabyé in northern Togo, barriers of leguminous trees (e.g. Cassia siamea or spectabilis; a medium sized tree growing between 10-20 m tall; Albizzia procera, Leucaena leucocephala) and shrubs (Cajanus cajan, Erythrina variegate) are established between fields cultivated with annual crops such as maize. The shelterbelts provide a good micro-climate and protect the crops against the counterproductive effects of wind speed such as wind erosion, soil moisture loss through evaporation and physical damage to crops. (Technique documented in Togo).

Kara, Central W, Plateau S

No data Positive Very positive

Agroforestry: Grevillea Agroforestry System

While Grevillea robusta (the ‘silky oak’, an Australian native) was originally introduced from India to East Africa as a shade tree for tea and coffee estates, it is now more commonly used in small-scale farming areas, especially in association with annual crops (maize / beans). There are three major forms of grevillea agroforestry systems: (1) planting along farm boundaries; (2) scattered grevillea trees on cropland - resembling open forests with multi-storey layers; (3) ‘alley cropping’ on terraces. Boundary planting is the most common form. Grevillea can be easily established and is relatively free of pests

Kara, Central W, Plateau S

High tolerance to change of temperature and rainfall – Grevillea grows under a high range of climates

Slightly positive

Very positive

43

and diseases. The trees are managed through periodic pollarding – the pruning of side branches while maintaining the trunk – to reduce competition with crops. Competition is little in any case, and can be further reduced by digging a small trench around the trees, thus cutting the superficial roots. (Technique documented in Kenya).

Agroforestry: Farmers Managed Natural Regeneration System

Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) is the systematic regeneration of living and sprouting stumps of indigenous vegetation which used to be slashed and burned in traditional field preparation. The naturally occurring seedlings and / or sprouts are managed and protected by local farmers. Most suitable are species with deep roots that do not compete with crops and have good growth performance even during poor rainy seasons. In the case study area the three most valuable species – as perceived by land users – are Faidherbia albida; Piliostigma reticulatum and Guiera senegalensis. The ideal density, when grown with cereal crops, is between 50 and 100 trees per hectare. For each stump, the tallest and straightest stems are selected and side branches removed to roughly half of the stem height. Excess shoots are then removed. Regular pruning of any unwanted new stems and side branches stimulates growth rates. Farmers are encouraged to leave 5 stems / shoots per tree, cutting one stem each year and letting another grow in its place. On removing a shoot, the cut leaves are left on the surface where they reduce erosion and are then eaten by termites, returning the nutrients to the soil. (Technique documented in Niger).

Savanna, Maritime

Tolerant to climatic extremes (e.g. droughts, temperature increase, rainfall decrease, etc.)


Agroforestry: Parkland Agroforestry System

Parklands are the traditional agroforestry systems of semi-arid West Africa or Sahel where naturally growing, valuable trees are protected and nurtured on cropping and grazing lands. For the rural people in the Sahel, parkland trees are multipurpose: they are a grocery shop, a pharmacy and a silo at the same time. People rely on many locally cherished species to provide food and nutritional security for both human and livestock populations and to protect and enrich soils. Important tree species are baobab (Adansonia digitata), tamarind (Tamarindus indica), Faidherbia

Savanna, Maritime

Increased tolerance through the use of indigenous species

Slightly positive

Very positive

44

albida, shea nut or karité (Vitellaria paradoxa) and néré (Parkia biglobosa). Crop production can be increased below and around the trees (especially under Faidherbida albida) due to the favourable micro-climate, accumulation of soil organic matter through litter fall, prunings and root decay in the predominantly sandy and poor soils. (Technique documented in Burkina-Faso).

Sustainable Planted Forest Management: Afforestation and Hillside Terracing

Tree plantations in combination with hillside terracing to protect upper catchment areas are a widespread technology in the Central and Northern Highland Zone of Eritrea. In the early 1990s a large area was treated in the Toker catchment, northwest of Asmara. The first step was to establish hillside terraces on the steeper slopes where it is essential to conserve soil and water for improved growth of trees and other vegetation. The terraces comprise earthen embankments laid out along the contour, reinforced with stone risers, combined with a trench on the upper side to harvest runoff water. The trenches are subdivided into basins (by ties) to avoid lateral flow of runoff water. In a second step, trees were planted at a spacing of 2 m (in the trenches). Afforested areas are closed for any use until the trees reach maturity: they are protected by guards. In 1995, the Ministry of Agriculture handed over user rights to communities allowing cut-and-carry of grass and cutting of trees (with permission of the government). (Technique documented in Eritrea).

Savanna, Kara

Sensitive to climatic extremes (e.g. rainfall decrease, especially in case of monocultures)

Neutral Positive

45

ANNEX 3: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

PROJECT INSTITUTIONAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

1. Project Administration Mechanisms. In collaboration with partners represented in the National Platform for DRR and in the national SLM platform, consensus has been reached regarding the institutional framework for the implementation of the IDLM Project. The institutional arrangement is based on utilizing the existing TS of the National Platform for DRR as the PIU. A Steering Committee will be established with representatives from the MERF,the Ministries in charge of agriculture and water and the GEF focal points.. The TS, which is staffed with officials from the Ministry of Environment and Forest Resources, will be strengthened with the necessary personnel to support FM, procurement, M&E, and other IDLM expertise for project implementation. The Project Coordinator will be responsible for overall coordination of the project and will also be in charge of the DRM activities or of the SLM and adaptation activities, while the Assistant Coordinator will be responsible for managing the other technical area (either DRM or SLM and adaptation activities). The Steering Committee will meet at least twice a year to assess the progress made by the project and to review and approve the AWPs. (See Figure 1: Organogram.)

46

Figure 1: Organogram

47

Inter-Ministerial Steering CommitteeTechnical Secretariat of National Platform

for DRR(PIU)

- Coordinator- Assistant

Coordinator- 4 Technical Specialists

- Procurement Specialist

- FM Specialist- Secretary

- DriverAGAIB

Maritime1 Coordinator 1 Technical

Specialist- 1

Procurement Specialist

AGAIBPlateau

1 Coordinator 1 Technical

Specialist- 1


AGAIBKara


Specialist- 1


AGAIBSavanes


Specialist- 1


AGAIBCentral


Specialist- 1


AGETUR1 Coordinator

1 Procurement Specialist

- 1 FM Specialist

SUMMARY OF THE FM ASSESSMENT

2. The project team has assessed the FM capacity of the TS of the National Platform for DRR which will act as the PIU in November 2010. The FM assessment was carried out in accordance with the FM Manual issued by the FM Board on March 1, 2010 and the objective of the assessment was to determine whether the FM capacity of the TS of the National Platform for DRR is acceptable. Arrangements are acceptable if they are capable of recording accurately all transactions and balances, supporting the preparation of regular and reliable financial statements, safeguarding the project’s assets, and are subject to auditing arrangements according to Bank standards. These arrangements should be in place before and during project implementation.

3. The conclusion of the FM assessment is that although the FM capacity of the TS is not sufficient, the FM arrangements that have been agreed for the project satisfy the Bank’s minimum requirements under OP/BP10.02. Given the urgency of the project and the lack of adequate FM capacity within the MERF, it is agreed that during the first eighteen months of project implementation, the TS will be supported by AGETUR. AGETUR will have full FM responsibility until the capabilities of the FM officer in charge of the Project is assessed as appropriate. The community-based activities under Component 2 (Community-Based Activities for Adaptation and SLM) will be contracted out to the regional AGAIBs under the supervision of the TS. The regional AGAIBs and AGETUR are well staffed and have the required experience for executing IDA-financed projects with adequate accounting systems which will be extended to the project. In addition, a project manual (including FM and accounting procedures) has been prepared by the TS to guide FM of the project.

4. In order to prevent fraud and corruption inherent to the public sector in Togo, the following measures have been incorporated into the project design: (a) agreement on regular internal audit missions to be completed by the Togo Finance General Inspectors Team which will be reinforced with the recruitment of an internal audit consultant; and (b) a reasonable sample of grants will be reviewed each year by the financial auditor to ensure that community-based activities have been completed pursuant to the agreed procedures and that funds were used for the purposes intended.

5. Taking into account the proposed mitigation measures, the overall FM risk rating for this project is rated as Moderate (Medium likelihood).

FIDUCIARY RISKS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

6. The FM risk assessment and mitigations measures are summarized in the table below:

48

Table 1: FM Risk Assessment and Mitigation Measures

RiskRisk Ratin

gRisk Mitigation Measures Conditionality

Residual Risk Rating

Inherent Risks: S S

Country:

Slow pace of public FM reforms.

S

According to the Economic Recovery and Governance Grant mission completed in October 2010, important measures have been taken to improve the institutional framework for budget preparation, execution and controls including the establishment of a committee to follow up on the new WAEMU Directives. However, the remaining risks should have limited impact on the project as it will rely partially on the national accounting and auditing system.

M

Entity Level:

Lack of coordination due to the involvement of several stakeholders and political interference of the Ministry.

S

The TS will ensure the coordination of the project and will be supervised by a steering committee. A Project Implementation Manual (PIM) will clarify the roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders.

M

Project Level:

Ministry of Environment and Forest Resources has no previous experience in managing Bank projects.

S

The project manual will clarify the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder and appropriate training will be held. In addition, AGETUR will ensure compliance with Bank fiduciary procedures at a central level whereas the regional AGAIBs will be responsible at the community level.

Project manual including FM aspects to be available before effectiveness.

Adoption of the contracts with AGETUR and regional AGAIBs before effectiveness.

M

Control Risks: S M

Budgeting: M M

Accounting:

49

Lack of qualified FM specialist and appropriate accounting system.

S

Quality assurance on compliance with FM procedures to be handled by AGETUR’s Director of Finance until the establishment of the project accounting system within the Ministry.

M

RiskRisk Ratin

gRisk Mitigation Measures Conditionality

Residual Risk Rating

Internal Audit:

Non compliance with FM procedures at central level and particularly at decentralized levels.

S

An internal audit consultant will be recruited and integrated in Togo’s Central Financing Control Office (IGF: Inspection Générale des Finances) so that regular missions will be inserted in the IGF’s annual work program regarding the project.

Agreement on TOR for internal audit with IGF prior to negotiation.

M

External Audit:

Project audit reports might be submitted with delay and inacceptable quality.

S

An independent qualified external auditor will be recruited.

Appointment of the external auditor no later than four months after effectiveness.

M

Funds Flow:

Funds may be diverted or used for ineligible purposes, especially at the community level.

S

Dedicated sub-accounts will be opened and managed by regional AGAIBs under the supervision of the PIU.

M

Reporting:

Delay and difficulties in preparation of acceptable IFRs and financial statements.

S

Support of the AGETUR Director of Finance which will adequately train the FM officer dedicated to the project.

Agreement on IFR formats and contents prior to negotiation.

M

Overall Risk: S M

H: High S: Substantial M: Moderate L: Low

50

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

7. The main strength is the involvement of AGETUR as fiduciary agency of the project at the central level and AGAIBs at the community level. The regional AGAIBs and AGETUR are well staffed and have relevant experience in executing Bank financed projects with adequate accounting systems. The current FM arrangements of these agencies will be updated to fit the IDLM Project needs under the development of an operational, accounting, and FM manual which was prepared by the TS.

TIME BOUND ACTION PLAN TO ADDRESS THE WEAKNESSES

8. The actions plan below indicates the actions to be taken by the Ministry of Environment and Forest Resources to strengthen the project FM system.

Table 2: FM Action Plan

No. Activity/Action Target Completion Responsibility

1. Adoption of the contracts with AGETUR and regional AGAIBs.

Prior to effectiveness

Ministry of Environment and Forest Resources (MERF)/ Bank

2. Prepare a project manual including acceptable financial and accounting procedures.

Prior to effectiveness

Ministry of Environment and Forest Resources (MERF)/ Bank

3. Prepare TOR according to Bank standards for an internal audit consultant to be integrated in IGF team.

Prior to close of negotiations

TS/ General Inspection of Finance

4. Prepare TOR for the external auditor according to Bank standards.

Prior to close of negotiations

TS/ Commission d’audit des auditeurs des entreprises publiques

5. Appointment of the external auditor acceptable to Bank.

Not later than four months after effectiveness

TS

DETAIL OF FM ARRANGEMENTS

9. The TS of the National Platform for DRR, acting as PIU, will handle the overall FM responsibility of the project with the technical assistance of AGETUR as fiduciary agent at the central level and the regional AGAIBs at the community level.

51

FLOW OF FUNDS AND DISBURSEMENT ARRANGEMENTS

DESIGNATED ACCOUNTS

10. Two pooled designated accounts will be opened at a commercial bank acceptable to the Bank: one for the community-based activities (designated Account, DA-A) under component 2 financed by GFDRR, GEF and LDCF grants and the second for all other activities (designated Account, DA-B) under components 1, 3 and 4 financed by GFDRR, GEF and LDCF grants. A third designated account, DA-C will be opened for the TerrAfrica grant which will finance selected activities under component 3 only. Their ceilings will be set to CFAF 300,000,000, CFAF 380,000,000 and CFAF 50,000,000 respectively, based on the disbursement forecast for the first four months. The funds advanced to the two pooled designated accounts will be drawn from the GEF (TF No. to be determined), GFDRR (TF No. TF011010) and LDCF (TF No. to be determined) grant accounts. The ceiling amounts of these pooled designated accounts reflect the combined ceiling. At the time of disbursement, funds will be advanced to each DA in line with the financing percentage of each financing sources. The funds advanced to the segregated DA (DA-C) will be drawn from the TerrAfrica grant account (TF No. 098701).

11. The coordinator of the TS and the representative of AGETUR will be the signatories of the designated accounts until the TS has acquired sufficient FM capacity.

12. Five regional advance accounts (AGAIBs advance accounts) will be opened to exclusively finance the community-based activities based on action plans agreed with the TS. Disbursements from these sub-accounts will comply with specific procedures included in the project manual.

DISBURSEMENT METHODS AND PROCESSES

13. Disbursements under the project will be transaction based. In addition to making advances to the Designated Accounts, other disbursement methods (reimbursement, direct payment and special commitment) will be available for use under the project. Further instructions on disbursement and details on the operations of the Withdrawal Applications and Direct Payments will be outlined in the disbursement letters.

14. Table 3 sets out the expenditure categories to be financed out of the grant proceeds.

FLOW OF FUNDS

15. Funds will flow from the four (4) trust fund Grant Accounts to the three (3) Designated Accounts (see figure 2). The Directorate for Financing, Execution Control and Plan (DFCEP: Direction du Financement, du Contrôle de l’Exécution et du Plan) would be the assigned representative of the Recipient for the mobilization of Bank funds. Withdrawal Application requests will be prepared by the Director of Finance of AGETUR and later by MERF’s FM officer, signed by a designated signatory or signatories (the signature authorization letter is signed by the Minister of Finance) and sent to the Bank for processing. The signatories will have the option to submit electronic applications available on the Bank’s Client Connection website.

52

Table 3: Percentage of Expenditures to be financed

Category Amount of the Grant Allocated (expressed

in USD)

Percentage of Expenditures to be Financed

(inclusive of Taxes)

GEF GFDRR LDCF

(1) Goods, works, non-consulting services, consultants’ services, and Training under Part A of the Project

3,117,797 9.3% 39.3 % 51.4%

(2) Goods, works, non-consulting services, consultants’ services, Operating Costs under Part B of the Project

6,612,503 48.7% 29.6% 21.7%

(3) Goods, works, non-consulting services, consultants’ services, Training Part C, excluding Part C.3(a) and Part C.3 (b) of the Project

5,149,381 29.7% 62.8% 7.5%

(4) Goods, consultants’ services, Training and Operating Costs under Part D of the Project

1,088,676 23.2% 61.1% 15.7%

(5) Unallocated 479,051

Part C.3(a) and Part C.3 (b) of the Project24 500,000

TOTAL AMOUNT 16,947,408


53

Figure 2: Flow of Funds

DFCEP Direction du Financement, du Contrôle de l’Exécution et du PlanDP Direct PaymentWA Withdrawal Application

54

Designated Accounts(reputable commercial bank) managed by PCU with AGETUR

supportDFCEP

WA

(Funds) DP

Grant Accounts(Washington) at the World Bank

Dedicated advances Accounts

(managed by AGAIBs)

Funds

Reports, Goods etc

Beneficiaries / Suppliers / Consultants

Suppliers / Consultants

Accounts

WA / DP

Designated

account B

Designated

account A

Designated

account C

REPORTING AND AUDITING ARRANGEMENTS

16. Quarterly Interim Un-audited Financial Reports (IFRs) prepared by the Director of finance of AGETUR (and later by the project FM Officer) should be submitted to the Bank within 45 days following the end of the quarter.

17. The TS will produce Annual Financial Statements for the Project which will comply with the accounting standards (SYSCOHADA). SYSCOHADA is the assigned accounting system in West African Francophone countries. Project accounts will be maintained on a cash basis, supported with appropriate records and procedures to track commitments and to safeguard assets. Annual financial statements will be prepared by the TS in accordance with the SYSCOHADA. The ROSC Accounting and Auditing identified some differences with the International Accounting Standards but they are not expected to impact the project. Accounting and control procedures will be documented in the FM section of the Project Manual.

Audit arrangements

Internal Audit and internal controls

18. The internal control will be organized through the FM manual with appropriate segregation of duties and responsibilities. Internal audit functions will be assumed by the Government General Inspection of Finance (IGF) based on terms of references satisfactory to the World Bank. For this end, an acceptable internal audit consultant will be recruited and integrated in the IGF team.

External audit

19. The supreme audit institution (Cour des Comptes) which is supposed to audit all public funds has a limited capacity in terms of staffing and experience of auditing project financial statements. In view of this, an external independent and qualified private sector auditor acceptable to the World Bank will be recruited under the supervision of the steering committee put in place by Togo ministry of finance for public company external audit.

20. The Auditor will express an opinion on the Annual Financial Statements, and perform his audit in compliance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). He will be required to prepare a Management Letter providing recommendations for improvements of the accounting system and the internal control environment. The audit report on the annual project financial statements and activities of the DAs will be submitted to IDA within six months after the end of each project fiscal year.

55

PROCUREMENT

CAPACITY ASSESSMENT, RISK AND MITIGATION MEASURES

21. A procurement capacity assessment of the TS has been conducted during project preparation in November 2010. The potential risks identified are the lack of experience and skills in relation to the Bank’s procurement procedures and the lack of a procurement manual. The procurement unit established under the MERF is new and bears no qualified procurement staff. The mitigation measures agreed upon are therefore to: (a) have AGETUR assist the TS in the first eighteen months of project implementation; (b) have the regional AGAIBs manage procurement and implementation of the activities at the community level; (c) draft a procurement manual; (d) nominate a project Procurement Officer within the Ministry’s Procurement Committee (Commission de passation de marchés); and, (d) nominate a project focal point in the established Public Procurement Control Committee (Commission de Contrôle des Marchés Publics-CCMP). AGETUR will build procurement capacity of the TS in the first eighteen months of project implementation, by the end of which the responsibility for procurement under the project will be transferred to the procurement officers at the TS, if assessed as appropriate. A fiduciary management contract will be signed between the TS and AGETUR. The TS has drafted a procurement plan for the first eighteen months of project implementation and the Bank’s approval of an acceptable procurement plan and a procurement manual will be disbursement conditions for the project. Taking into consideration that a procurement unit and an internal procurement control committee exists within MERF and that technical assistance will be provided by experienced agencies (AGETUR and AGAIBs), the overall project procurement risk has been rated as moderate.

GUIDELINES

22. Procurement for the proposed project will be carried out in accordance with; (a) the Bank “Guidelines: Procurement under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits” dated May, 2004, revised in October, 2006 and May, 2010; (b) “Guidelines: Selection and Employment of Consultants by World Bank Borrowers” dated May, 2004 revised in October, 2006 and May, 2010; and (c) the provisions of the Grant Agreement.

PROCUREMENT DOCUMENTS

23. Procurements will be carried out using the Bank’s Standard Bidding Documents or Standard Request for Proposal (RFP), respectively, for all International Competition Bidding (ICB), for goods and for the selection of consultants. For National Competitive Bidding (NCB), the Borrower could submit a sample form of bidding documents to the Bank for prior review and will continue to use this type of document throughout the project once this has been agreed upon. The Sample Form of Evaluation Reports published by the Bank will be used.

FREQUENCY OF PROCUREMENT REVIEWS AND SUPERVISION

24. The Bank’s prior and post reviews will be carried out on the basis of thresholds indicated in the table below. The Bank will conduct bi-annual supervision missions and annual Post Procurement Reviews (PPR); the ratio of post review is at least 1 to 5 contracts. The Bank could

56

also conduct an Independent Procurement Review (IPR) at any time until two years after the closing date of the project.

Table 4: Procurement and Selection Review Thresholds

Procurement/selection methods

Prior review threshold

(US$)

Comments

1. Works and Goods

ICB

Works

Goods

≥ 3,000,000

≥ 300,000

Method can be applied for any amount, but is mandatory above these amounts.

LCB ≥ 300,000 Review of the first three contracts, independent of amount.

NCB N/A Review of the first three contracts, independent of amount.

Shopping N/A Review of the first three contracts, independent of amount.

Communities Participation N/A

Direct Contracting All contracts All contracts.

2. Consulting Services

QCBS ≥ 200,000 With review of the first three contracts, independent of amount.

LCS ≥ 200,000 With review of the first three contracts, independent of amount.

CQS (for contracts ≤$US100,000) ≥ 50,000 With review of the first three contracts,

independent of amount.

Individual Consultants (IC) ≥ 100,000

With review of the first three contracts and other contracts chosen on a case-by-case basis, independent of amount.

Single Source Selection All contracts Review of all contracts.

57

Procurement/selection methods

Prior review threshold

(US$)

Comments

(SSS)

3. Trainings and Workshops

Training and workshops ≥ 10,000On basis of detailed and approved annual plan (with indication of venue, number of participants, duration and exhaustive budget, and so forth.)

25. All training and TORs of contracts estimated to cost more than US$10,000, including all amendments of contracts raising the initial contract value by more than 15 percent of the original amount or above the prior review thresholds will be subject to prior Bank review. All contracts not submitted for prior review will be submitted to the Bank for post review in accordance with the provisions in paragraph 4 of Annex 1 of the Bank’s Consultant Selection Guidelines and Bank’s Procurement Guidelines.

PROCUREMENT PLAN

26. All procurement activities will be carried out in accordance with approved original or updated Procurement Plans. The Procurement Plans will be updated at least annually (or as otherwise required) to reflect the actual needs and capacity improvements of project implementation. All Procurement Plans should be published at the national level and on the Bank website according to the Guidelines.

a. Summary of Works and Goods Contract Packages for the First Eighteen Months of Implementation

27. The procurement plan for the first eighteen months of implementation of the project has been prepared and will be available for the project negotiations. Tables 5 and 6 below illustrate the templates for the packages of the procurement plan.

58

Table 5: Template for Works and Goods Contract Packages

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10R

ef. N

o.

DES

CR

PTIO

N

Estim

ated

Am

ount

Proc

urem

ent M

etho

d

Pre

qual

ifica

tion

Dom

estic

pre

fere

nce

Prio

r Rev

iew

(y/n

)

Estim

ated

Bid

s ope

ning

D

ate

Expe

cted

Con

tract

Si

gnat

ure

Dat

e

Com

men

ts

1Vehicles and motorcycles

….. ICB No No Yes….. 2011

….. 2011

2 ………. ….. ICB No No Yes….. 2011

….. 2011

3 …………. ….. ICB No No Yes….. 2011

….. 2011

(a) Summary of Consultant’s Contract Packages for the First Eighteen Months of Implementation.

Table 6: Template for Consultant’s Contract Packages

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Ref No

DESCRIPTION

Amount ESTIMAT. (US$ 000)

Selection Method

Prior Review

(Yes/No)

Estimated Bid Opening Date

Estimated contract signing date

Comments

1 ……….. ….. QCBS Yes …. 2011 …. 2011 …..

2 ……….. ….. QCBS Yes …. 2011 …. 2011 …..

… ……….. ….. … Yes …. 2011 …. 2011 …..

59

PROCUREMENT FILING

28. Procurement documents must be maintained in the project files and archived in a safe place until at least two years after the closing date of the project. The International Consultancy Firm (ICF) through the Procurement Specialist and Officers will be responsible for the filing of procurement documents.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL (INCLUDING SAFEGUARDS)

PROJECT TYPES, LOCATIONS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS

29. Project Types and Locations. The environmental and social safeguards issues of the proposed project are associated primarily with the activities of Component 2: Community-Based Activities for Adaptation and SLM which will be carried out in all five regions of Togo.

30. Environmental Impacts. The project is category B and the environmental impacts are likely to be site-specific, small-scale, non-sensitive and reversible, typical of category B projects. Expected impacts during construction/production include: (a) air/dust pollution (activities such as site clearance), which is expected to be minimal, temporary and within the project area; (b) noise and vibration resulting from use and movement of machinery; and (c) site preparation, in particular for tree nursery site establishment and tree planting.

31. Social Impacts. The potential adverse social impacts will be small-scale and site-specific typical of Category B projects. The social risks for the project primarily revolve around Involuntary Resettlement during the small-scale civil works. A Resettlement Policy Framework (RFP) was developed to identify all possible risks and propose effective mitigation measures that each stakeholder has to adopt. The RFP was disclosed in country and will be disclosed in the Bank’s Info Shop before the PAD Decision meeting. If needed, specific Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) including budgets for each sub-project will be prepared prior to commencement of any construction activity. The RAPs include reports for all temporary and/or permanent loss of assets and livelihood, properties, and displacement compensation. The TS will monitor and ensure responsible and fair compensation of the impacted people.

32. Potential Indirect Impact. There will be increased employment and income for skilled and unskilled workers and indirect employment opportunities from provision of services to construction workers such as sale of food and beverages. There will be no long-term adverse impacts as a result of project activities.

33. Key Measures to be taken by the Borrower to Address Safeguards Policy Issues. The PIU prepared an ESMF and PMP to cover the aspects of environment and pest management. Although one of the principles of the proposed project is to avoid or minimize land acquisition, as due diligence, a RFP was also prepared. The ESMF, PMP, and RPF were disclosed in-country and at the Info Shop.

34. Mitigation Measures. The ESMF recommended mitigating measures aimed at ensuring civil works are executed in an environmentally sound manner, such as limiting construction or production activities to normal working hours and notifying the local community in advance if

60

construction activities have to be performed outside these hours. Further, Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) contained in the ESMF recommended that environmental and social safeguards issues be addressed in a timely and practical fashion. The RFP provides for the preparation of RAPs or Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans (ARAPs) that will be developed and implemented if and when necessary during project implementation. With respect to the PMP, ways and means of using alternatives to herbicides and pesticides were clearly stated.

35. Capacity for Safeguard Implementation. The MERF has an environment department that handles EAs in the absence of an Environmental Protection Agency so MERF has reasonable capacity to manage environmental and social safeguards issues. This unit will be responsible for following up on safeguards issues during project implementation with the designated environmental and social specialist in the TS. Part-time consultants will also be hired as and when necessary to work with the TS. The Bank will provide guidance on the elaboration of the TORs for EAs and the Environment Department of MERF will be responsible for providing overall quality control through the review and clearance of the EMPs and RAPs. The environment department will also assist in enforcing compliance with Bank safeguards policies and monitor the implementation of the EMPs. Specific capacity building on environmental management and EA will be provided to the TS and the technical services departments of the participating ministries. In accordance with Bank guidelines, all EA studies and RAPs will need to be reviewed and cleared by the Bank prior to the commencement of the civil works.

36. Public Consultations. Public comments were solicited during the disclosure process of the safeguards instruments through announcements made in two local newspapers and at the Info Shop. Consultations and public meetings will continue during project implementation.

PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION

37. The Project Development Objective. The PDO has been carefully selected to reflect the integrated DRM/SLM approach and to give a clear indication of what will be achieved with the GEF/LDCF, TerrAfrica, and GFDRR grants. Based on the four project components, SMART intermediate results indicators were developed in close consultation with the TS as well as Bank M&E specialists. The TS will have overall responsibility for M&E, including collating outputs and data from the executing agencies into a consolidated M&E report as part of the annual progress reports. Some M&E data (especially activities & outputs) will also be included in quarterly and bi-annual progress reports. The TS will develop a system to ensure the collection and compilation of data needed for satisfactory project monitoring and evaluation. Baseline information will be provided by the TS in collaboration with AGETUR AGAIBs and other relevant stakeholders involved in project implementation. The executing agencies (AGETUR and AGAIBs) will be required to keep detailed records of activities, outputs and expenditures against agreed work plans and following standard formats, including robust financial monitoring.

38. To the extent feasible, data collection for M&E purposes will be combined with other missions of the TS. The budget for M&E is thus limited to mission and travel expenses.

39. Sector Capacity. The M&E capacity of the TS is currently insufficient to adequately cover the M&E needs for the project. Therefore a M&E workshop will be held after project effectiveness. Under Component 4 of the project, the Ministry of Environment and Forest

61

Resources (MERF) will make available an M&E expert to measure implementation progress in relation to the result framework and GEF tracking tools and climate change AMAT. The M&E Expert will subsequently be hired, and surveys will be contracted out for mid-term and end-of-project assessments. The project will also provide financial support for strengthening the data collection systems of the TS.

40. Financing M&E. Under Component 4 of the project, provisions have been made to hire an M&E expert and for the acquisition of office equipment and software, necessary for carrying out the M&E activities.

41. Under Component 4, a total of US$ 1,108,851 is planned for project management, out of which a reasonable percentage will be used for financing the M&E activities.

42. M&E in relation to GEF and LDCF requirements. Under the supervision of the TS, AGAIBs will be responsible for collecting primary data on reforestation and implementation of agricultural SLM technologies on the ground. A third party verification system will be established to cross-check recorded performance under AGAIBs contracts, based on a sampling approach. Monitoring of vegetation cover and land-use in the project implementation areas will be made possible thanks to the country-owned environmental monitoring system supported by the proposed project under component 3. In addition, the GEF tracking tools and AMAT will be monitored by an inter-ministerial committee at project mid-term and project completion.

43. As one of the project under the Sahel and West Africa Program in support of the Great Green Wall Initiative (SAWAP), the project indicators were selected to relate to the SAWAP’s Key Performance Indicators (KPI) in order to measure program achievements through aggregation. The table below clarifies which project indicators will contribute to KPIs of the SAWAP.

Table 7: Linkages with KPIs of the SAWAPKPIs of the SAWAP Related Project Indicators

KPI 1. Increase in land area with SLWM practices in targeted areas, compared to baseline (hectares, reported by crop, range, forest, wetlands, protected areas).

PDO/GEO Level Result Indicator Two: Additional land area with SLM practices and/or climate-resilient agricultural practices in targeted areas.

KPI 2. Changes in vegetation cover in targeted areas, compared to baseline (hectares).

Intermediate Results Indicator Three under Component 3: Area covered by a monitoring system for land use and vegetation cover.

KPI 3. Targeted institutions with increased adaptive capacity to reduce risks and response to climate variability, compared to baseline (#).

PDO/GEO Level Result Indicator One: Area covered by integrated EWS jointly managed by the Togolese Red Cross, the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology.

44. The project indicator for the third Program’s KPI focuses on key institutions of which capacity will be strengthened (Togolese Red Cross, the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology). This indicator is measurable, verifiable, relevant for the lifespan of the project and is also a proxy to measure the improved adaptive capacity of the targeted institutions. The fourth

62

Program’s KPI Change in carbon accumulation rates in biomass and soil, compared to baseline (tC/ha) is not provided directly in the project’s result framework. However, resources are allocated to build national capacity on environmental monitoring including carbon sequestration measure (Cf. Component 3: Early Warning, Monitoring and Knowledge System). It is partly reflected in the Intermediate Results Indicator Three under Component 3: Area covered by a monitoring system for land use and vegetation cover. The GEF tracking tools that will be monitored under this project include an indicator on Carbon sequestration that will contribute to the fourth Program’s KPI.

45. Similarly, the project has integrated indicators from the GEF Focal Area Results Framework and LDCF/SCCF Framework in compliance with the GEF and LDCF Expected Outcomes and Core Outputs to which the project contributes (Table 8).

63

Table 8: Linkages with GEF and LDCF Results Framework

GEF and LDCF Objectives

Expected Outcomes

Core Outputs Related Project Indicators

GEF FOCAL AREA FOR LAND DEGRADATIONLD-3: Integrated Landscapes: Reduce pressure on natural resources from competing land uses in the wider landscape.

Outcome 3.2: Integrated landscape management practices adopted by local communities.

Output 3.2 INRM tools and methodologies developed and tested.Output 3.4 Information on INRM technologies and best practice guidelines disseminated.

PDO/GEO Level Results Indicator Two: Additional land area with SLM practices and/or climate-resilient agricultural practices in targeted areas.

Intermediate Result Indicator Two under Component 2: SLM tools and approaches introduced at local level.

Intermediate Result Indicator Four under Component 1: Targeted population groups informed on SLM best practices.

LDCF OBJECTIVE FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGECCA-2: Increasing Adaptive Capacity: Increase adaptive capacity to respond to the impacts of climate change, including variability, at the local, national, regional, and global levels.

Outcome 2.3: Strengthened awareness and ownership of adaptation and climate risk reduction processes at the local level.

Output 2.3.1: Targeted population groups participating in adaptation and risk reduction awareness activities.

PDO/GEO Level Result Indicator One: Area covered by integrated EWS jointly managed by the Togolese Red Cross, the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology.

PDO/GEO Level Results Indicator Two: Additional land area with SLM practices and/or climate-resilient agricultural practices in targeted areas.

Intermediate Result Indicator One under Component 1: Water pumping capacity of Department of Civil Protection.

Intermediate Result Indicator Two under Component 1: Regional Meteorological and Hydrological Departments equipped.

Intermediate Result Indicator Three under Component 1: Number of radio provided to the Civil Defense Department of Lomé.

Intermediate Result Indicator Four under Component 1: Targeted population groups informed on adaptation and reduction of risk from land degradation and flooding.

64

GEF and LDCF Objectives

Expected Outcomes

Core Outputs Related Project Indicators

Intermediate Result Indicator Five under Component 1: Number of staff trained on technical adaptation themes.

GEF FOCAL AREA FOR BIODIVERSITY BD-1: Improve Sustainability of Protected Area Systems.

Outcome 1.1: Improved management effectiveness of existing and new protected areas.

Output 1.3. Sustainable financing plans.

Intermediate Result Indicator Three under Component 2: Effectiveness of management of the targeted protected areas and forests.

Intermediate Results Indicator Two under Component 3: Area covered by the monitoring system of land use vegetation cover and related carbon accumulation estimate.

GEF FOCAL AREA FOR SFMSFM/REDD+ - 1: Forest Ecosystem Services: Reduce pressure on forest resources and generate sustainable flows of forest ecosystem services.

Outcome 1.2: Good management practices applied in existing forests.

Output 1.2: Forest area under sustainable management, separated by forest type.

Intermediate Result Indicator Three under Component 2: Effectiveness of management of the targeted protected areas and targeted forests.

Intermediate Results Indicator Two under Component 3: Area covered by the monitoring system of land use vegetation cover and related carbon accumulation estimate.

65

ANNEX 4: OPERATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK (ORAF)

Togo: Integrated Disaster and Land Management Project

1. Project Stakeholder Risks Rating: ModerateDescription: Since 2008, Togo has been strongly committed to reform in various sectors of its economy, notably agriculture. Stable governance constitutes a further premise for the continuity of reforms.

However, should the momentum for reform weaken, the impact on the project would be important.

Risk Management: The Bank will maintain a close dialogue with the authorities on the agricultural investment program and key reforms to be undertaken (e.g. on input supply channels, agricultural trade constraints, and rural credit facilitation).

This will be conducive to both parties fully supporting the proposed reforms and policy changes.Resp: The Bank’s Country Office monitors the risk.

Stage: Due Date: Status: On-going

Resp: SMU monitors the risk. Stage: Due Date: Inception Status: On-going

3. Implementing Agency Risks (including fiduciary)3.1.3.2. Capacity Rating: Moderate

Description: The capacities of the Technical Secretariat (PIU) are weak with regard to Bank procurement, financial and project management rules and procedures.

Risk Management: AGETUR has been identified to provide procurement and FM services for the first two years. The regional AGAIBs will provide a similar service for the community-based activities. The PIU will also prepare at least 2 or 3 procurement packages during project preparation; which will serve as a form of capacity building for the implementation unit.Resp: FM and Procurement monitor the risk.

Stage: Due Date: Status: Completed

3.3.3.4. Governance Rating: Moderate

Description: The socio-political outlook has improved following the peaceful outturn of the 2010 presidential elections. The incumbent President was reelected in March 2010 and a new Government of national unity was appointed on May 28, 2010. The main opposition party is represented in the Government which is expected to promote the broad acceptance of critical reforms. The President has shown that he is intent on promoting an inclusive political dialogue with all opposition parties. Efforts to promote good governance are impaired by varying interpretations of laws and regulations and weak enforcement. The Togo Free Zone has suffered from political interference and a lack of transparency in the past.

Risk Management: The PRSP process provides support to foster a national consensus across Togolese society and among Government representatives on the medium-term reform agenda. A PSD Support Project is supporting investment climate reforms and Government’s development of a new Free Zone.Resp: The Bank’s Country Office monitors the risk.

Stage: Due Date : Status: On-going

Resp: The Bank, IMF and other development partners monitor the risk

Stage: Due Date: Status: On-going

4. Project Risks4.1.4.2. Design Rating: Moderate

Description: Given the safeguards elements and weak Risk Management: Due to the simple design of the project and the support of AGAIB and

66

Government capacity, the project processing timeline looks very ambitious.

AGETUR delays should not be significant.Resp: SMU Project team monitors the risks Stage: Due Date: Status: On-going

4.3.4.4. Social & Environmental Rating: ModerateDescription: An ESMF, RPF, and PMP have been prepared, consulted upon, and disclosed in-country and at the InfoShop. The environmental impacts are likely to be site-specific, small-scale, non-sensitive and reversible, typical of category B projects. Expected impacts during construction/production include: (a) air/dust pollution (activities such as site clearance), which is expected to be minimal, temporary and within the project area; (b) noise and vibration resulting from use and movement of machinery, and; (c) site preparation, in particular for tree nursery site establishment and tree planting.The social risks for the project primarily revolve around Involuntary Resettlement during the small-scale civil works.

Risk Management: These impacts will be temporary and localized, and proper mitigation measures during construction and/or production could minimize or even eliminate them. A Resettlement Policy Framework has been developed to identify all possible risks and propose effective mitigation measures that each stakeholder has to adopt.

Resp: PIU Stage: Due Date: Status: Completed

4.5.4.6. Program & Donor Rating: LowDescription: Timely availability of funds. Risk Management: Close interaction with GFDRR and GEF/LDCF.

Resp: SMU project team Stage: Due Date: Status: On-going

4.7.4.8. Delivery Monitoring & Sustainability Rating: LowDescription: Small pool of national contractors available. Risk Management: Hire a national DRM and SLM specialists that will provide technical

oversight of contracts.

Resp: MERF Stage: Due Date: Effectiveness Status: Not yet

Resp: Stage: Due Date: Status:

67

ANNEX 5: IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT PLAN

1. Strategy and approach to implementation support. A number of measures aimed at ensuring implementation proceeds as expected have been put in place as follows:

First, a full-time national DRM Specialist based in the Togo Bank Country Office was hired in May 2011. He will work closely with the TS to facilitate the implementation of the Project. To support supervision, the project team will also be able to draw on the other Bank staff based in Lomé or in the sub-region, such as the Senior Environmental Specialist (Mr. Bennouna), the Agricultural Economist (Mr. Adamah Klouvi), the two Senior Safeguard Specialists (Mr. Seyni and Mr Olojoba), the Senior Procurement Specialist (Mr. Ayindo) and the Financial Management Specialist (Mr. Hinkati).

Second, the Bank will conduct at least two formal missions per year. The mission team will include Bank staff from AFTEN working on SLM and climate change adaption as well financial management and procurement staff, and other specialists as required. Based on the current FM risk assessment which is moderate (Medium Likelihood), one formal on-site supervision mission will be held per year during implementation and a review of transactions will be performed during that mission.

Third, considerable safeguards have been put into place to guard against procurement fraud risk. These are presented in the procurement section of annex 3.

2. Implementation Support Plan

Time Focus Skills Needed Resource Estimate

First twelvemonths

Establishment of the Special Accounts at

the MERF and at the

executing agencies. Quality of terms of reference. Procurement of key contracts. Execution of

contracts Implementation of the EMP and RAP.

Core team skills SLM Procurement Financial management Environment and social safeguards

US$100,000 inBB and trust funds

12 – 48months

Quality of terms of reference Procurement of key contracts.

Core team skills SLM Procurement Financial

US$100,000 inBB and trust funds per annum

68

Execution of contracts.

Application of the EMP

and RAP.

management Environment and social safeguards

3. Skills Mix Required

Skills Needed Number of Staff Week / year

Number ofTrips / year

Comments

Task team leader 10 2 international Core team based in DCCo-task team leader 10 2 international Core team based in DCDRM 15 1 local Core team based in

Lomé with support from team in DC

SLM 15 1 international Core team based in region with support from team in DC

Monitoring and evaluationand implementationsupport

8 1 international and 1 local

Core team based in DC with support from team in Lomé

Procurement 6 1 local Core team based in Lomé with support from team in DC

Financial Management 6 1 local Core team based in region with support from team in DC

Environmental and Social Safeguards

6 1 international Core team based in region with support from team in DC

69

ANNEX 6: TEAM COMPOSITION

Bank staff and consultants who worked on the project:

Name Title UnitShelley McMillan Sr. Water Resources Specialist, TTL AFTWRBérengère Prince Sr. Environmental Specialist, co-TTL AFTENPaolo Caputo Sr. Disaster Risk Management Specialist AFTWRKoffi Hounkpe Disaster Risk Management Specialist AFTWRTaoufiq Bennouna Sr. Environmental Specialist AFTENLucson Pierre-Charles Program Assistant AFTWRAyi Adamah Klouvi Agricultural Economist AFTARAbdoul-Wahab Seyni Sr. Social Development Specialist AFTCSAfrica Eshogba Olojoba Sr. Environmental Specialist AFTENItchi Ayindo Sr. Procurement Specialist AFTPCAlain Hinkati Financial Management Specialist AFTFMNneoma Nwogu Counsel LEGAFSalwa Saleh Junior Counsel LEGAFKamel El Malik Ait El Hadj Legal Consultant LEGAFEsinam Hlomador-Lawson Team Assistant AFMTGJulia Lendorfer Disaster Risk Management Consultant AFTWRSylvestre Bea Operations Consultant AFTWR

70

ANNEX 7: INCREMENTAL AND ADDITIONAL COST ANALYSIS

A. KEY FACTS ON LAND DEGRADATION AND BIODIVERSITY IN TOGO

1. Land degradation affects at least 85 percent of arable lands: According to Brabant et al25, 63 percent of the lands are slightly degraded, 21 percent are moderately degraded and 2 percent are severally degraded. The "Environmental Profile of Togo (MERF, 2007) indicates that coffee and cocoa trees planting on deforested land in the South West has quickly led to erosion. Farmers are increasingly reporting land degradation in cotton crops areas. The soil erosion is occurring to a critical level in the Savanna region in the North, the mountainous area west of the Plateau region, Atakora and Fazao, and the Maritime region in the South.

2. The diagnosis established by the Environmental Profile underlines an important environmental and natural resources degradation particularly due to unsustainable land management (deforestation, excessive clearing of slopes, inappropriate cropping technique, non-mastery of the concepts of maintaining fertility, destruction of organic matter, bush fires, overgrazing). The rural population that is already vulnerable to land degradation may suffer even more with the increase variability due to climate change.

3. Togo offers a wide variety of ecological conditions offering habitats for an important biodiversity with approximately 3,752 plant species and 3,458 animal species. The population of many species has declined sharply and some of them have disappeared or are endangered. Decrees published between 1938 and 1958 officially delineated 83 protected areas representing 793,000 ha or 14.2 percent of the Togolese territory. The period of social unrest of the 1990s led to local opposition to the institutions of the former government, including the system of protected areas. Exploitation of the forests and fauna, deforestation, overgrazing and development for agriculture and habitation reduced the integrity of the reserves to the point that many are protected in name only. Out of the original 793,000 ha of protected areas, 215,000 ha are irreversibly lost or are too costly to rehabilitate. Togo has restructured its PA system which now covers 578,000 ha.

4. The PNIERN describes the main gaps and barriers to adoption of sustainable natural resources management (technical, environmental, institutional and financial). The PNIERN provides priority interventions to address these barriers to which this project is contributing. A more detail analysis is available in Annex 8.

B. LIKELY IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN TOGO AND ASSOCIATED RISKS

5. According to the National Action Program for the Environment (1999), the annual increase of average temperature from 1950 to 1995, ranges from 0,015°C to 0.024°C. The highest increase has occurred in the North. During the same period, there was a decrease in rainfall and number of rainy days in most parts of the country. It is believed based on climate change forecast models that the current trends will continue. Temperatures may thus continue to increase, in particular in the North while rainfall may continue to decrease. Weather patterns may become more variable. 25 Refer to footnote 3

6. A likely impact of climate change is thus scarcer water resources while natural vegetative cover and agricultural production will have to adjust to a dryer and hotter environment.

7. According to the NAPA (2009) the main climate risks are floods, drought, poor distribution of rain, late rains, strong winds and coastal erosion (for the coastal area ecosystem). Across the country, drought and floods are at the top of the list. Togo has already experienced three major droughts that have caused a severe famine between 1942 -1943, 1976 -1977, and 1982-1983. Between 1925 and 1992, Togo has also endured 60 flooding events causing severe damages and casualties. The floods of 2007 and 2008 were even more destructive with loss of human lives, and loss of roads, houses and fields.

8. According to the NAPA (2009), the most vulnerable livelihoods are food crops, cash crops, vegetables, livestock products and marketing of agricultural products.

C. LINK WITH THE GEF AND LDCF STRATEGIES

9. The proposed project will be developed as a multi-focal plan combining several GEF strategic goals, namely:

Contributing to arresting and reversing current global trends in land degradation, specifically desertification and deforestation.

Contributing to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and the maintenance of ecosystem goods and services.

Achieving multiple environmental benefits from improved management of all types of forests.

Supporting emerging countries to become climate-resilient by promoting both immediate and longer-term adaptation measures in development policies, plans, programs, projects, and actions.

10. The table below lists the GEF and LDCF objectives, outcomes and core outputs to which this project contributes.

Table 1: Select GEF and LDCF Objectives, Outcomes, and Core Outputs

Focal Areas Objectives Expected Outcomes Core Outputs

GEF Focal Area Land DegradationLD-3: Integrated Landscapes: Reduce pressure on natural resources from competing land uses in the wider landscape.

Outcome 3.2: Integrated landscape management practices adopted by local communities.

Output 3.2 Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM) tools and methodologies developed and tested.Output 3.4 Information on INRM technologies and best practice guidelines disseminated.

72

LDCF Adaption to Climate ChangeCCA-2: Increasing Adaptive Capacity: Increase adaptive capacity to respond to the impacts of climate change, including variability, at local, national, regional, and global levels.

Outcome 2.3: Strengthened awareness and ownership of adaptation and climate risk reduction processes at the local level.

Output 2.3.1: Targeted population groups participating in adaptation and risk reduction awareness activities.

GEF Focal Area BiodiversityBD-1: Improve Sustainability of Protected Area Systems.

Outcome 1.1: Improved management effectiveness of existing and new protected areas.

Output 1.3. Sustainable financing plans.

GEF Focal Area Sustainable Forest ManagementSFM/REDD+ - 1: Forest Ecosystem Services: Reduce pressures on forest resources and generate sustainable flows of forest ecosystem services.

Outcome 1.2: Good management practices applied in existing forests.

Output 1.2: Forest area under sustainable management, separated by forest type.

D. LINK WITH THE SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA PROGRAM IN SUPPORT OF THE GREAT GREEN WALL INITIATIVE

11. The project falls under the Sahel and West Africa Program in Support of the Great Green Wall Initiative (SAWAP) approved by the GEF and LDCF/ SCCF Councils in May, 2011. The Program addresses major issues related to land degradation, including food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, to support sustainable development in 12 countries: Burkina Faso, Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Benin, Togo, and Ghana.

12. As planned in the SAWAP Program Document, this project is directly contributing to the following key performance indicators (KPI). The fourth Program’s KPI Change in carbon accumulation rates in biomass and soil, compared to baseline (tC/ha) is not provided directly in the project’s result framework. However, resources are allocated to build national capacity on environmental monitoring including carbon sequestration measure (Cf. Component 3: Early Warning, Monitoring and Knowledge System). It is partly reflected in the Intermediate Results Indicator Three under Component 3: Area covered by a monitoring system for land use and vegetation cover. The GEF tracking tools that will be monitored under this project, include an indicator on Carbon sequestration that will contribute to the fourth Program’s KPI.

KPI 1. Increase in land area with sustainable land and water management (SLWM) practices in targeted areas, compared to baseline (hectares, reported by crop, range, forest, wetlands, protected areas).

KPI 2. Changes in vegetation cover in targeted areas, compared to baseline (hectares). KPI 3. Targeted institutions with increased adaptive capacity to reduce risks and response

to climate variability, compared to baseline (#).73

E. BASELINE PROJECTS DESCRIPTION 13. The combined GEF/LDCF resources will be associated with three projects: The Agricultural Sector Support Project (PASA) the West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program Project (WAAPP) and the disaster risk management activities of the Integrated Disaster and Land Management Project (IDLM). The GEF/LDCF resources are being fully blended with the later to take advantage of a joint implementation unit within the Ministry of Environment and Forest Resources.

The Agricultural Sector Support Project (PASA) ($ 37 million):

14. This World Bank project ($37 million) was approved in April 2011, with a duration of 5 years. The objectives of the PASA are to (i) rehabilitate and reinforce productive capacities among targeted beneficiaries across selected value chains, and (ii) foster an enabling institutional environment for the development of the agricultural sector, in the recipient’s territory.

The PASA has three components: 1) Promotion of strategic food crop, export crop and freshwater fish production2) Recovery of the livestock sub-sector3) Support for capacity building and sector coordination

15. Component 1 will support three productive sub-sectors through improved productivity and key commodities chosen for their growth potential and poverty reduction impact. For cotton, the PASA will support institutional strengthening of the producers’ organization to take full responsibility for input distribution to farmers and the improvement of the quality of seed cotton. For coffee and cocoa, the Project will support gradual regeneration of the existing plantations.

16. Component 2 will provide emergency short-term support to rehabilitate small ruminant and poultry production. Activities will focus on quick results for investments geared at restocking and enhancing productivity of short cycle species.

17. Component 3 will enable the institutional setup implement sound agricultural investments through PNIASA, while preparing for the transition to a sector wide approach in the future.

West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program Project (WAAPP) ($ 12 million):

18. This World Bank project ($12 million) was approved in March 2011, with a duration of 5 years. Objective: To generate and accelerate the adoption of improved technologies in the participating countries' top agricultural commodity priority areas that are aligned with the sub-region's top agricultural commodity priorities. Out of the $12 million grant to the WAAPP, $10 million have been counted as direct baseline co-financing.

19. Components: There are four components:1) Enabling conditions for sub-regional cooperation in the generation, dissemination, and

adoption of agricultural technologies. 2) Strengthening national centers of specialization and strengthening of the research 3) For Togo this component will focus on strengthening capacities for adaptive research

System and technology transfer. 74

4) Support to demand-driven technology generation, dissemination and adoption.5) Project coordination, management, and monitoring and evaluation.

The GFDRR Integrated Disaster and Land Management Project (IDLM) ($ 7.29 million from the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery):

20. The objective of the GFDRR IDLM project is to strengthen institutional capacity of targeted institutions to manage risk of flooding and land degradation in targeted rural and urban areas. Before GEF/LDCF resources were added, the GFDRR IDLM project was initially envisaged as a flood mitigation project. Sustainable land management practices that have the potential to mitigate risk of flooding, were then added to the project in order to consolidate the disaster risk management objectives. The GEF and LDCF resources are fully blended with this project. The description below covers only GFDRR supported activities as baseline description.

21. The GFDRR IDLM has four components:1) Institutional Strengthening and Awareness Raising 2) Community-based Activities for Adaptation and Sustainable Land Management3) Early Warning, Monitoring and Knowledge Systems 4) Project Management

22. In line with the description of the other baselines, the description below outlines DRM related activities and do not cover activities that are been made possible through the GEF and LDCF support.

23. Component 1 addresses Flood Risk Management and Preparedness. Training and equipment will be provided to key national, and regional, local and community organizations engaged in flood prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. This component also covers Information Campaigns on Risk and Prevention of Flooding at national and local level.

24. Component 2 will pilot community-based activities to mitigate impact of flooding, such as: river bank restoration and protection, canal maintenance, pond construction and maintenance, small-scale reforestation, tree nursery site establishment and tree planting.

25. Component 3 will support the development of an early warning system in some targeted areas, a partial update of the national cartography and targeted risk assessments, including a hazard, asset, and vulnerability analysis that takes into account locational, structural, operational, and socio-economic vulnerabilities.

75

F. BASELINE OR BUSINESS-AS-USUAL SCENARIOS

Baseline scenario in regards to Land Degradation, Biodiversity loss and Forest degradation

26. The Agricultural Sector Support Project (PASA) and the West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program Project (WAAPP) are aiming at increasing agricultural productivity. The PASA development scenario is to increase national production of rice, coffee, cocoa, cotton and small livestock. The WAAPP supports the objective of the PASA by providing improved agricultural technologies (in particular certified seeds). WAAPP will develop and disseminate enhanced farming technologies that will be used under PASA. For example, improved corn and rice seeds will be bought by the PASA project once developed on a commercial basis by the WAAPP project. The same will apply for the development of improved livestock breeds. As in many other regions in Africa, increase in agricultural productivity coincides with land clearing which in turn can lead to land degradation, forest degradation and biodiversity loss. In addition, the environmental sustainability dimension of increased rural productivity could be limited under a single sector approach that would be applied under the PASA and the WAAPP.

27. The $37 million PASA is particularly contributing towards the agricultural sector with a particular focus on specific crops (cotton, coffee, and cacao) already known in Togo for their impacts on land degradation. Within its components 1 Production of strategic crops ($17.4 million), 2 Recovery of the livestock sub-sector ($ 9 million) and 3 Capacity building and sector coordination ($10.5 million) the key activities related to the GEF project are: preparing the entry of a private partner in the capital of the cotton company, supporting gradual regeneration of the existing coffee and cocoa plantations, provision of adapted technical advisory services, provision of good quality planting material, restocking and enhancing productivity of short cycle species, strengthening the capacity of the Ministry of agriculture to coordinate the implementation of the PNIASA. However, as designed the project scope does not allow activities to counter the ongoing trends in biodiversity loss and land degradation, the latter being amplified by climate variability.

28. The $10 million WAAPP is a regional program particularly contributing towards the research system with a particular focus on improved agricultural technologies for maize, rice, poultry and small ruminants. Within its components 1 Enabling Conditions for sub-Regional Cooperation in the Generation, Dissemination, and Adoption of Agricultural Technologies ($0.71 million), 2 National Centers of Specialization ($ 4.14 million) and 3 Support to demand driven technology dissemination and adoption ($ 3.55 million) 4, Project coordination, Management and M&E ($1.60 million) the key activities related to the GEF project are: promotion of fertilizers, strengthening of research center, provision of breeder seed and support to production of foundation seed. However, as designed the project scope does not allow activities to counter the ongoing trends in biodiversity loss and land degradation, the latter being amplified by climate variability.

29. Similarly, the baseline GFDRR IDLM project is aiming at addressing flood risk and it is not necessarily taking into account the close interconnectivity between flood risks, land degradation and ecosystem services from protected areas. The GFDRR project’s development scenario is to empower administration and local communities to better address flood risks that are being amplified by climate variability. Inappropriate watershed management (slope clearing, land

76

degradation, uncontrolled urbanization) could result in amplifying runoff and floods, which could undermine the sustainability of flood mitigation efforts supported by the GFDRR project.

Baseline scenario in regards to impacts of Climate Change

30. Main climate risks, as identified in the NAPA, are flood and drought. The GFDRR funded DRM activities are addressing flood risks through short-term measures, and LDCF resources will cover the additional costs for (i) a better understanding of the magnitude and frequency of flood events in the future and (ii) an evaluation of medium term and long term measures to better manage flood risks. This knowledge is not yet available in Togo and, as demonstrated in the NAPA, it is critically needed to reduce the vulnerability of the Togolese population to the impacts of climate change and to help ensure the sustainability of the investments made under the project. It is indeed expected that climate change may amplify in the future and efforts to better manage flood risks might be weakened or lost if flood management interventions do not sufficiently integrate likely impacts of climate change.

31. Additionally, the most vulnerable livelihoods, as identified in the NAPA, are food crops, cash crops, vegetables, livestock products and marketing of agricultural products all of which are covered by the PASA and the WAAPP projects. These two projects are both aiming at increasing agricultural productivity to ensure food security and increased national income from export crops (see next section on Additional Adaptation Cost Analysis for detailed baseline contribution). In the baseline scenario, there is a need for the making agricultural productivity more robust through support to improvements in agricultural technologies or technologies that are not sufficiently adapted to likely climate forecast, to maximize the local and global benefits.

G. BASELINE OR BUSINESS-AS-USUAL SCENARIOS

32. The project will work in all five regions of Togo. Specific intervention areas were selected based on NAPA priorities (priorities 1 and 2) and to maximize synergies with the baseline projects. In conjunction with the PASA and the WAAPP, pilot activities to adapt agricultural practices to climate change and to expand SLM will take place in the Savanna region (North West), the Maritime region (land bar, the lower valley of the River Mono), the Central region (Sotouboua zone) and in the Kara region. In conjunction with the GFDRR supported activities, Early Warning System (EWS) for real time information on floods will be developed in Mandouri, Oti, Zio, Haho and Mono River basin. Wetlands playing an important role in flood control services, key wetlands have been selected in Oti, Zio Haho and Mono watersheds (See Annex 8 of the PAD) Protected areas selection for support under this project were based on (i) PAs not benefiting yet from the support of other projects and (ii) readiness of the local population to take part in the PA management. The list of PAs that will benefit from the proposed project is provided in the table below (see details in Annex 8 of the PAD).

Table 2: Selected watersheds26

Watershed Areas (km2) Region

26 Source : DCNCC Project, Study on vulnerability and adaptation to climate change ; Water resources sector, January 2010.

77

Oti River Basin 26,700 Savanna and KaraMono River Basin 21,300 Central, Plateau and MaritimeZio River Basin 3,400 Plateau and MaritimeHao River Basin 3,600 Plateau and Maritime

Table 3: Selected Protected Areas

Protected Area Area (ha) District Region

Togodo North and South 31,000 Yoto et Hao Maritime & PlateauAbdoulaye 30,000 Tchamba CentralGalangashie 12,490 Oti SavannaSadi 19,000 Dankpen KaraAmou Mono 12,700 Hao et Ogou Plateau

H. GEF ALTERNATIVE SCENARIO

33. The proposed IDLM project as designed will support activities through four defined components: (1) Institutional Strengthening and Awareness Raising; (2) Community-based Activities for Adaptation and Sustainable Land Management; (3) Early Warning, Monitoring and Knowledge Systems; and (4) Project management.

Component 1: Institutional Strengthening and Awareness Raising ($0.2 million from GEF-LD and $0.06m from SFM) (GFDRR, PASA and WAAPP: $2.29m)

34. The GEF resources will contribute to strengthen institutions and capacities to promote and upscale SLM and SFM practices nationwide. The capacity of key national, regional, and local institutions involved in managing and promoting SLM will be strengthened through the provision of training and equipment. Improved capacity to implement SLM and control bush fire should result in increase carbon sequestration in soil. In conjunction with PASA component 3 on sector coordination, the proposed project will develop and organize coordination mechanisms to ensure coordination of the relevant projects supported by development partners and under the responsibility of relevant ministries. National level coordination will be sought through the project steering committee. Local level coordination will be explored in particular with the agriculture extension units. In conjunction with the PASA component 1 on improving the productivity of strategic crops and with the WAAPP component 1 on dissemination and adoption of agricultural technologies, the proposed project plans to strengthen farmers’ organizations for them to play a more active role in disseminating SLM best practices. In conjunction with GFDRR funded activities (component 1), the GEF resources will support awareness campaign with 100 villages located in watershed particularly vulnerable to land degradation.

35. A key GEF output under this component are listed below:

Output 1.1.3. A multi-partners/ multi-sectors coordination mechanisms is established and implemented (8 events)

78

Output 1.2.1. Farmers organizations strengthened to implement sustainable land management with committees established on bush fire, replanting and forest management (50 farmers organizations)

Output 1.2.2. Awareness raising on harmful effects of deforestation and bush fire in 100 villages located in vulnerable watershed along rivers, lakes and hillsides

Component 2: Community-based Activities for Adaptation and SLM ($1.6m from GEF-LD, $0.9m from GEF-BD and $0.8m from SFM) (GFDRR, PASA and WAAPP: $18.72m)

36. On the ground activities being the main focus of the proposed project, this component receives a majority of GEF resources. In conjunction with PASA component 1 on improved productivity of strategic crops (food and export), GEF resources will introduce SLM practices on the ground and favor carbon sequestration through conservation and restoration activities such as afforestation, or natural regeneration. In conjunction with WAAPP component 3 on demand driven technologies, the proposed project will favor up-take of innovative SLM techniques. SLM practices will be introduced in key areas to improve agricultural practices and to consolidate flood prone watershed. Bush fire control and improved management for selected forests and protected areas will also support biodiversity from forest ecosystems. Biodiversity in wetland ecosystem will benefit from management plans in Oti, Zio, Habo and Mono watersheds. SFM resources will support the sustainable management of existing forest and selected protected areas. Restoration of selected forest and selected protected areas will be undertaken with community participation. Communities living around selected protected areas and forests will be assisted in preparing sustainable financing plans and in designing small income generation activities as a way to reduce pressure on natural resources.

37. Key GEF outputs under this component are listed below:

Output 2.1.1. Sustainable conservation and restoration activities in 50,000 ha recurrently exposed to bush fires including installing firebreaks, equipping local communites to fight bushfires, and promotion of alternatives to traditional practices which lead to fires.Output 2.1.2. Participatory management plan and chart developed and implemented in 3 targeted communities sacred forests in each of the 5 regions (200 ha each).

Output 2.3.1. Participatory sustainable financing plans prepared and small scale income generation activities designed and piloted (IGA) targeting8 female groups and 16 development village committees inAbdoulaye, Amou Mono, Galangashie and Togodo. 500 ha of hillside protected against erosion. Output 2.3.2. Three management plans for three Protected Areas.

Output 2.3.3. Integrated management of 3 wetlands and 1000 ha of riverbanks sustainably restored (1000 ha) with selected tree varieties (bamboos, pyrophytes, etc) and development of related tree nurseries in the Oti, Haho and Mono river basins.

Component 3: Early Warning, Monitoring and Knowledge Systems ($ 1.6m from GEF-LD) (GFDRR, PASA and WAAPP $5. 98 million)

38. The GEF resources will support the development of a country owned environmental monitoring system to better pilot national environmental policies. In conjunction with the PASA

79

component 3 on capacity building and WAAPP component 1 on sub-regional cooperation in the dissemination of agricultural practices, the GEF resources will develop land use and vegetation cover map. The monitoring system will provide sufficient information to initiate carbon sequestration estimation at national level but will not be sufficient to establish a fully functional national carbon stock monitoring system.

39. Key GEF outputs under this component are listed below:

Output 3.2.1. Development of an ecosystemic and technical diagnosis on SLM and DRM through land and forests mapping and 5 regional forests inventories

Output 3.2.2. Operationalization of the information system for monitoring land cover and land use and monitoring of vegetation fires in targeted areas: (i) an inventory of 35 forests lands is established, along with (ii) a forestry police surveillance team

Table 4: Incremental cost matrix (GEF)27

Component Category Estimated Expenditure (million US$)

National and Local Benefit

Global Environmental Benefit

1. Institutional Strengthening and Awareness Raising

BaselinePASA: 1.46

WAAPP: 0.64

GFDRR: 0.19

Sustainable mechanisms that link producers to inputs and markets.

Increased capacity to manage flood event.

No significant global environmental benefit.

With GEF Alternative

PASA: 1.46

WAAPP: 0.64

GFDRR: 0.19

GEF: 0.3

Increased awareness and knowledge about SLM practices and effectiveness in scaling up these practices.

Improved capacities on SLM will create global environmental benefits such as increased sequestration of soil and biomass carbon.

Incremental 0.32. Community-based Activities for Adaptation

BaselinePASA: 16.26

WAAPP: 1.07

Increased agricultural productivity and incomes.


27 For purpose of clarity, the baselines of GEF and LDCF have been split. The project will be implemented as one complete comprehensive package.

80

and SLM GFDRR: 1.39Some flood risks mitigated.


PASA: 16.26WAAPP: 1.07GFDRR: 1.39

GEF: 3.32

Increased adoption of SLM practices in flood prone area, in cropland and grazing land will reduce risk of land degradation.

Forest, wetlands, and protected areas are better managed.

Increased vegetative cover and strengthened local ecosystem services such as water infiltration and reduced flood magnitude.

Increased availability of SLM, and aforestation, reforestation, and improved forest and protected areas management generate global environmental benefits such as increased sequestration of soil and forest carbon and reduced trans-boundary costs due to soil wind and water erosion.

Restoration and/or protection of ecologically sensitive areas and biodiversity.

Incremental 3.323. Early Warning, Monitoring and Knowledge Systems

Baseline PASA: 0.28WAAPP: 2.64GFDRR: 2.66TerrAfrica: 0.4

Capacities for research rebuiltand core agricultural research infrastructure rehabilitated.

Possible minor global environmental benefits thanks to improved agricultural technologies.


PASA: 0.28WAAPP: 2.64GFDRR: 2.66TerrAfrica: 0.4

GEF: 1.58

Comprehensive mechanism for monitoring of SLM and land degradation processes and trends made more effective.

Improved decision making for future investments in flood

A better environmental monitoring system will generate significant global environmental benefits such as the protection of globally important ecosystems biodiversity conservation, improved carbon sequestration and avoided carbon

81

prevention infrastructure and agriculture development.

emissions.

Incremental 1.584. Project Management

Baseline PASA: 2.17WAAPP: 0.60GFDRR: 0.41

GoT: 0.25

Improved project management for project implementation and monitoring of results indicators for project progress and impact.



PASA: 2.17WAAPP: 0.60GFDRR: 0.41

GoT: 0.25GEF: 0.26

Improved availability of and access to knowledge on sustainable land management practices specific to Togo’s agro-ecological zones and dissemination through the best practices manual. Demonstration of SLM contribution to reduced impact from disasters.

Incremental 0.26

Total Baseline PASA: 20.17WAAPP: 4.95GFDRR: 4.65TerrAfrica: 0.4

GoT: 0.25Total: 30.17


PASA: 20.17WAAPP: 4.95GFDRR: 4.65TerrAfrica: 0.4

GoT: 0.5GEF: 5.45

Total: 35.62Incremental 5.45

I. ADDITIONAL ADAPTATION COST ANALYSIS

82

40. The LDCF resources will strengthen awareness and ownership of adaptation and climate risk reduction processes at national and local levels both in the context of larger agricultural development projects, and in the context of a disaster risk management project. The LDCF resources will directly contribute to the first and second priorities of the NAPA i.e. “Adaptation of the agricultural production systems in three regions through the development of techniques that integrate climate change and improve agro-meteorological information” and “Development of an Early Warning System (EWS) for real time information on floods in the Maritime and Savanna regions” respectively.

41. A likely impact of climate change is scarcer water resources while natural vegetative cover and agricultural production will have to adjust to a dryer and hotter environment. Without LDCF support, most vulnerable livelihoods, based on food crops, cash crops, small livestock products and other agricultural products are likely to be significantly negatively impacted. Both the PASA and the WAAPP are aiming at increasing agricultural productivity to ensure food security and increased national income from export crops. In the baseline scenario, inappropriate agricultural technologies or technologies that are not sufficiently adapted to likely climate forecast will not generate these expected benefits. With LDCF resources, the baseline project will benefit from training and awareness raising campaigns on climate-resilient agricultural practices. Pilot climate-resilient agricultural practices will also be tested and implemented. The investments in improving capacity at the national, regional and local levels will ensure sustainability and scale-up of the investments in climate-resilient agricultural practices made under the project. Furthermore, key stakeholders will have sufficient capacity to use and apply geographical information systems for environmental monitoring including climate-related impacts.

42. Main climate risks, as identified in the NAPA, are flood and drought. Without LDCF resources, flood risk management activities supported by the GFDRR are not sufficient to cover the additional costs related to developing a comprehensive understanding of magnitude and frequency of these extreme events in the future. It is indeed expected that climate change will amplify in the future and efforts to better manage flood risks will be weakened or lost if flood management interventions do not sufficiently integrate likely impacts of climate change. With LDCF resources, flood risk management will better integrate the likely impacts of climate change to improve the sustainability of the short-term investments and the design of medium and long-term investments. The LDCF resources will also expand awareness of climate change risk through extensive training and education programs. The investment in improving the capacity of the TS of the National Platform for DRR and the related agencies will help ensure the sustainability and future replication of the flood control investments made under the project.

Component 1: Institutional Strengthening and Awareness Raising (LDCF $ 1.65 million) (GFDRR, PASA and WAAPP $12.61 million)

43. Under its components 1 and 2, the PASA will foster the development of food production (cereal, cotton, coffee and cocoa) and gear investments at restocking and enhancing productivity of small ruminants and poultry. Without LDCF, these efforts might be vain as inadequate agricultural techniques will not lead to the expected increased productivity.

44. Similarly, under its component 2, the WAAPP will support research system in Togo to improve agricultural technologies (in particular certified seeds). WAAPP will develop and disseminate enhanced farming technologies that will be used under PASA components 1 and 2.

83

For example, improved corn and rice seeds will be bought by the PASA project once developed on a commercial basis by the WAAPP project. The same will apply for the development of improved livestock breeds. Without LDCF resources, these new technologies might be of limited usefulness if they are not resilient to climate change.

45. With LDCF resources , the capacity of key national, regional, local, and community organizations engaged in rural development and DRM will be strengthened through the provision of equipment and training. Training will cover an introduction to climate change and how prevention, mitigation, and rehabilitation can be improved. Climate-resilient crop variety and animal species will be disseminated nursery specialist will be trained to produce climate-resilient crop or breed species resistant to climate stress.

46. This component directly contributes to the implementation of NAPA priority 1 through the ambitious training program and to NAPA priority 2 with the operationalization of local DRR platforms.

47. Key LDCF outputs under this component are listed below:

Output 1.1.1. Capacity building and training program on climate-resilient agriculture and DRM are developed and implemented (40 training modules spread over 70 training sessions) for (i) 400 beneficiaries from the civil society and for (ii) 400 servant servants from selected forestry units and agricultural extension units. Logistical and related support to trainees will be provided. Consultants (local and international consultants, possible also a firm if needed) will be hired to design, develop and carry-out the training.

Output 1.1.2. Operationalization of 10 local DRR platforms and small equipment provided to related units (meteorology, hydrology, and fire control)

Output 1.1.4. Climate-resilient agricultural techniques are promoted at community level.5 local training centers will be upgraded and equipped. Up to 15 trainers will be trained at the National Institute of Agricultural Training28 of Tové. Follow up training will be provided over a 3 year period to farmers both at the training centers and in situ in farmers’ fields.

Output 1.1.5. Resilience of farmers to climate change is strengthened with nursery specialists trained to produce climate-proof crop varieties/species and animal species resilient to climate stress (200 specialists and 5 varieties/crops). Farmers and livestock rearers will be supported to produce selected crop varieties and animal species.

Component 2: Community-based Activities for Adaptation and SLM (LDCF $ 1.48 million) (GFDRR, PASA and WAAPP $8.34 million)

48. Under its components 1, the GFDRR supports the purchase of water pumping material for the Civil Defense Department and the local population will be better prepared to flood events. Without LDCF resources, these efforts might be lost due to increased flood magnitude and frequency induced by climate change. The impact of flood may also worsen with inappropriate watershed management that reduces the soil capacity for water absorption. With LDCF resources,

28 The INFA (Institut National de Formation Agricole) of Tové is based in Kpalimé

84

the ability of the watershed to better retain water flows will be restored or enhanced using approaches such as reforestation, afforestation, cross-slope barriers and other erosion control techniques. With afforestation and natural regeneration of vegetative cover, ecosystem resilience and soil capacity to absorb water can be restored. This activity will take place in most vulnerable areas in Savanna, Maritime and Kara regions and will be further refined at inception phase.

49. As reported under component 1 above, the efforts of PASA and WAAPP to improve agricultural productivity without LDCF resources might not materialize if agricultural techniques not resilient enough to climate change are promoted. With LDCF resources, climate-resilient technologies will be tested on the ground in priority vulnerable areas which are located in north west area of the Savanna Region, in Barre Lands and the Mono River Basin of the Maritime Region and in Soutouboua area of the Central Region29. The LDCF resources will introduce adaptation to climate change in the context of the PASA and the WAAPP. This includes introducing climate-resilient agricultural practices such as conservation agriculture, rainwater harvesting, water-use efficiency techniques, small-holder irrigation management, cross-slope barriers and agroforestry. Other measures will include broader watershed and landscape planning and building stronger and more resilient ecosystems that can deliver a diverse range of ecosystem services and reduce vulnerability to land degradation, floods, drought and other shocks.

50. This component contributes to the implementation of NAPA priority 1 through on-the-ground implementation of climate-resilient agricultural techniques and to NAPA priority 2 by mitigating the risk of flooding

51. Key LDCF outputs under this component are listed below: Output 2.2.1. Introduction of practices to increase land productivity and water-use

efficiency and other climate-resilient practices over 5,000 ha in the most climate vulnerable areas targeted by the PASA

Output 2.2.2. Restoration of adaptive capacity of the ecosystem for enhanced flood control with approaches piloted in vulnerable priority areas (i) reforestation of hillsides and bush fire control (500 ha in Savanna, Maritime and Kara regions) (ii) restoration of natural water flows (Maritime Region) and (iii) desiltation of small reservoir and reforestation of surrounding areas (Savanna Region).

52. Training and equipment provided under component 1 to training centers, forestry and agricultural extension units and NGOs is critical for successful implementation and to ensure the sustainability of the investments on the ground . In particular, collective and individual training to farmers will greatly support the sustainability of output 2.2.1. Similarly, strengthened capacities of forestry extension units will be instrumental to coordinate the operations piloted under output 2.2.2.

Component 3: Early Warning, Monitoring and Knowledge Systems (LDCF $ 0.4 million) (GFDRR, PASA and WAAPP $1.51 million)

53. Without LDCF resources , the GFDRR might not fully integrate the impacts from climate change into the design of the Early Warning System. With LDCF resources, not only will the

29 Cf. Based on NAPA. 85

EWS will cover a wider area but it will integrate projections on flood event frequency and magnitude.

54. In conjunction with the PASA and the WAAPP, the LDCF resources will consolidate and upscale its adaptive benefits by compiling best practice guide toolkits and catalog on resilient agricultural practices

55. LDCF resources will cover some of the additional costs of the nation-wide EWS (NAPA’s second priority project) to alert communities of upcoming flood events and allow them to take appropriate actions to protect lives and property. Agro-meteorological information will be made more easily accessible to farmers (NAPA’s first priority project).

56. This component directly contributes to the implementation of NAPA priority 1 through improved agro-meteorological information and to NAPA priority 2 with the development of an EWS for real time information on floods.

57. Key LDCF outputs are listed below: Output 3.1.1. Multi-risk Early Warning System piloted at community level. Output 3.1.2. Operationalization of a web-based national integrated geographical system

with data on SLM, DRM and climate change. Output 3.3.1. Development and dissemination of guides and toolkits on climate-resilient

agricultural practices and other innovative DRM practices (10 guides translated in local languages) and farmer exchange study tours (2 model farms selected per region).

Output 3.3.2. Development and dissemination of an illustrated catalog (translated in local languages) on best practices including indigenous best practices, for lowering the risks of climate-induced disasters at community level. Early warning simulation exercises for vulnerable areas in the 5 regions will also be carried out.

58. Equipment provided under component 1 to local DRR platforms will directly support successful operation and sustainability of the national EWS. Activities under components 1 and 3 are closely interconnected as the knowledge generated through outputs 3.1.2, 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 will feed into the training programs and awareness campaigns organized under component 1. Similarly, indigenous knowledge will be more easily identifiable and collected as extension units develop a stronger understanding of local practices through the training programs and facilities planned under component 1.

Table 5: Summary Additional Cost Table (LDCF)30

Component Category Estimated Expenditure (million US$)

Benefit description

1. Institutional Strengthening and Awareness Raising

Development Baseline

PASA: 8.04

WAAPP: 3.50

GFDRR: 1.07

Investments in food crops, export crops and short life cycle livestock

Development of enhanced farming

30 For purpose of clarity, the baselines of GEF and LDCF have been split. The project will be implemented as one complete comprehensive package

86

technologies

Selected national units in charge of DRM are equipped

Local population are better prepared to flooding

With additional LDCF

PASA: 8.04

WAAPP: 3.50

GFDRR: 1.07

LDCF: 1. 65

Increased awareness of the links between climate change, agriculture, livestock, water management, and disasters risk management at national and local levels.

Climate-resilient agricultural practices are made more accessible to farmers

Capacity to manage flood integrate likely impacts of climate change

Increased capacity to adapt to risk of flooding as amplified by climate change.

Additionality 1.65

2.Community-based Activities for Adaptation and SLM Community-based Activities for Adaptation & SLM


PASA: 7.24

WAAPP: 0.48

GFDRR: 0.62

Possible increased of agricultural productivity and incomes.

Partial flood management plans.


PASA: 7.24

WAAPP: 0.48

GFDRR: 0.62

LDCF: 1.48

Enhanced ecosystem service towards flood control through improved water infiltration.

Increased implementation of climate-resilient agricultural practices

Additionality 1.48

3.Early Warning, Monitoring and


PASA: 0.07

WAAPP: 0.67

GFDRR: 0.67

Capacities for research rebuilt and core agricultural research infrastructure rehabilitated.

87

Knowledge Systems

TerrAfrica: 0.1 Partial Early Warning System


PASA: 0.07

WAAPP: 0.67

GFDRR: 0.67

TerrAfrica: 0.1

LDCF: 0.4

Increased understanding of climate change implications at national and local levels.

Extended Early Warning System integrating impacts from climate change

Climate information made accessible to farmers.

Additionality 0.4

4.Project Management

BaselinePASA: 1.48

WAAPP: 0.40

GFDRR: 0.28

GoT: 0.25

Project management for project implementation and monitoring of results indicators for project progress and impact.

With LDCF Alternative

PASA: 1.48

WAAPP: 0.40

GFDRR: 0.28

GoT: 0.25

LDCF: 0.18

Climate change mainstreamed in baseline projects.

Economy of scale and coordination for the Early Warning System development.

Additionality 0.18

Total Development Baseline

PASA: 16.83

WAAPP: 5.05

GFDRR: 2.64

TerrAfrica: 0.1

GoT: 0.25

Total: 24.62With additional LDCF

PASA: 16.83

WAAPP: 5.05

GFDRR: 2.64

TerrAfrica: 0.1LDCF: 3.7

88

Total: 28.32

Additional 3.7

J. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND ADAPTATION BENEFITS:

59. The GEF support will contribute to safeguarding the eco-system services provided by natural production systems generating intertwined global and local environmental benefits. Global benefits will cut cross the different GEF focal areas with (i) increase in biodiversity conservation through improved management of existing protected areas, (ii) increase in carbon stocks (CO2 290,000 t) in vegetation as a result of better managed forest and improved soil conservation and avoided deforestation in the project area and (iii) reduction in the negative trends in land degradation through adoption of better SLM practices.

60. Adaptation benefits will be generated from the uptake of selected climate-resilient practices and strengthened capacity. The combination of stronger ecosystems31 with better trained and equipped national and local agencies who deal with disasters and agriculture is expected to reduce economic losses. The IDLM project will contribute to improve the ability of communities to adapt to climate variability and climate change through the operationalization of the EWS and the uptake of climate-resilient agricultural practices. The project clearly targets the most vulnerable population groups affected by floods in rural and urban areas and the poorest population in rural areas dependent on rain-fed crop and livestock production. It is expected that lives will be spared thanks to improved community-based awareness and the operational EWS and livelihoods more secure in terms of food production.

31 Stronger ecosystems are ecosystems providing enhanced environmental services. This can be achieved for instance with expansion of vegetation cover and improvement of soil quality and water retention.

89

ANNEX 8: TOGO’S ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE FOR BIODIVERSITY, LAND DEGRADATION, CLIMATE CHANGE AND FORESTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE OF

INTERVENTION

A. BIODIVERSITY AND PROTECTED AREAS

1. Despite its relatively small size, Togo is rich in biodiversity; to date almost 3,500 terrestrial species have been identified (République Togolaise, 2009). In Togo, a significant portion of the territory has been protected since 1939 as protected areas (national parks and wildlife reserves) in order to specifically protect the biodiversity. With a coverage of about 793,000 ha, the protected areas used to cover 14.2% of the country (MERF, 2011). As favorite habitats for wildlife animals in the past, they were considerably endangered due to their invasion by neighboring populations for many reasons such as: (i) collection of forest products, farming lands, living spaces; (ii) intentional break of PA boundaries to protest against the former protectionist policy run before the socio-political crises of the 1990s, which neither took into account socio-economic conditions nor the participation of the neighboring populations. The rate of intrusion fluctuates from 30 to 100% of the area, which endangered the survival of certain animal and plant species, and the ecological sustainability in the concerned areas. The current Government has adopted a participative management giving more responsibility to the local populations. Many protected areas have their boundaries redefined in consultation with the populations and a variety of management activities are now taking place in these areas with the active participation of the neighboring populations (Wala, 2010).

Table 1: Protected areas where the IDLM Project will be implemented

Protected Area Name

Area (ha) Subdivisions Region State of the Protected Area

North & South Togodo

31,000 Yoto & Hao Marine & Plateau

These 3 protected areas are in a satisfactory conservation status because the neighboring populations are supporting the participative management process and they respect well their limits.

Abdoulaye 30,000 Tchamba CentralGalangashie 12,490 Oti SavannaAmou Mono 12,700 Hao & Ogou Plateau

Sadi 19,000 Dankpen Kara This protected area has not received the participation of the neighboring populations.

B. LAND DEGRADATION

2. Until 1994 lands degradation was limited in Togo. Lands strongly degraded due to human activities covered only 1.6% of the country while the lands fairly degraded covered 21% and the lands moderately degraded 62.7%.

90

3. Since 1994, land degradation is worsening due to intensive deforestation and agriculture expansion. The increasing needs of arable lands lead farmers to cultivate more and more marginal lands such as mountainous slopes. The current practices include tree-cutting along river banks, overexploitation of available farming lands, agriculture extension on steep marginal lands that are fertile or with a high population density, accelerated search of forest, abusive collection of fodder wood and heating wood, irrational exploitation of high value woods with prohibited means and the general practice of bush fire.

4. Currently, the non-degraded lands are located in national parks and forest and wildlife reserves, while the degraded lands and the lands fairly degraded are located along the main routes, around some cities (Dapaong, Kara, Bassar, Sokode, Atakpame, Notse, Lome) and close to big rural villages (Glei, Glito, Kambole,Moretan). Severely degraded lands are located in four areas divided according to its level of agricultural practice (MERF, 2011):

i. Areas with low rural activity: 5 to 20% of lands submitted to farming practices (Togo mountainous areas, Mono and Ogou Rivers greater basin, and valleys of Oti and Keran, occupied by the protected areas of Fazao-Malfakassa, Abdoulaye, Oti-Keran and Mandouri);

ii. Areas with medium rural activity: 20 to 30% submitted to farming practices (around the access roads in the Plateau and Central Regions, Districts of Bassar and Dankpen);

iii. Areas with high rural activity: 30 to 60% submitted to farming practices (plateau de terre de barre in Maritime Region, South of Atakpame, East of Anie and East Mono, district of Danyi, Sotouboua-Sokode, as part of the Kara Region, greater part of Keran and around Dapaong);

iv. Areas with very high rural activity: more than 60% submitted to farming practices (districts of lakes and Vo and a portion of Yoto district (Maritime Region), in the Kozah districts, Binah and Doufelgou and East of Assoli district (Kara Region) and to the Northwest of the Valleys’ region).

C. CLIMATE CHANGE

5. The vulnerability studies conducted in the preparation process of the second national communication on climate change covered five sectors of activities, including Energy, Agriculture, Water Resources, Human and Health establishments as well as the littoral zone (MERF/PANA, 2009; MERF/DCN, 2010).

6. Regarding the energy sector, the result analysis of the climate scenarios and the junction between the low and high values of the climate parameters lead to the conclusion that natural vegetation and crops that are currently the main source for biomass energy, will face a significant decrease in productivity by 2025.

7. Regarding the agricultural sector, because of the likely impact of climate change in coffee and cocoa production areas, the resurgence of harmful insects such as the mirids and crickets and the reappearance of illnesses particularly devastating for coffee tree and cocoa tree are likely. The cereals such as maize and sorgho represent the main food crop of the Togolese population. They are particularly vulnerable due their high sensitivity to water stress. According to climate scenarios, the decrease in production level of these major crops would fall by 5% and 7% in 2025 and 2050 respectively (MERF, 2011). Regarding the animal farming sub-sector, decline in water

91

availability and drought conditions will lead to the disappearance of drinking areas for animals, the degradation of grazing fields, the decrease of farmers revenues and a rural exodus.

8. All these symptoms lead to major climate risks and those generally existing in Togo are floodings, landslidings, drought, hot temperatures, increased climate variability, strong winds, bush fire, excessive rain and coastal erosion. The most exposed livelihoods to these identified risks are: food crops, vegetables crops, animal products, and the agricultural product marketing. The most vulnerable ecosystems are the coastal ecosystems, the agricultural ecosystems, wetlands and forests.

9. The IDLM Project will be implemented in areas prioritized in NAPA priority 1, in PASA and WAAPP intervention areas as well as other areas that will be defined during the first eighteen months.

D. FORESTS

10. In 2007, the FAO estimated the total forest area of Togo at 386,000 ha, which is 6.8% of the national landscape. It is mainly comprised of savanah (83%) and degraded forests (2%). The rate of the average annual deforestation is about 2.6% for the subtropical dry broadleaf forest of the mountainous areas and of 3.13% for young forests (FAO, 2003). A more recent estimate shows an average deforestation rate of 5.8% (FAO, 2010)

11. In addition to areas covers with subtropical dry broadleaf forest in the Southeast, the Center and along river banks, there are also large forest formations in the mid Northwest. In total, these tree formations are largely degraded and, due to a lack of recent inventory, these statistics must be considered with caution.

12. In Togo, only the Missahoè Forest in the Southwest has a development plan (Figure 3). Located at 7 miles from the city of Kpalime (capital of the Kloto district), this forest of 1,450 ha is shared between 11 villages (MERF, 2010). In each village, there is a local committee of management and protection of Missahoè Forest (CLGPM) (MERF, 2010). This forest is known for its wealth of insects and also for its waterfall, which attracts tourists in the area.

13. Beyond the natural formations, there are plantations created by either the State through the ODEF (Office of Development and Exploitation of Forests), local communities or private entities. Globally, the forestations may be summarized as follows: From 1995 to 2006: 35,500 ha out of which 221, 321 ha are private plantations, school

owned or others; From 1970 to 2006: 13,573 ha planted by the ODEF.

14. The IDLM Project will be implemented in the Missahoe Forest and in many others, which will be defined during the first eighteen months.

92

E. REFERENCES

Brabant P., Darracq S., Egué K. et Simmonneaux V., 1994. Togo. Etat de dégradation des terres résultant des activités humaines. Note explicative de la carte des indices de dégradation. Collection Note Explicative n°112, ORSTOM Eds, Paris, 66 p.

FAO, 2007. Situation des forêts du monde. FAO, Rôme/Italie. 143 p.FAO, 2010. Global Forest Resources Assessment. Main report. FAO Forestry Paper 163. Food

and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.FAO, 2010. Préparation du Cadre national des priorités à moyen terme (CNPMT) pour le Togo

(2010-2015): Secteur des ressources naturelles renouvelables (terre, eau et forêt), 26 p.MERF, 2009. Plan d’Action National d’Adaptation aux Changements Climatiques – PANA; 113

p.MERF, 2010. Deuxième Communication Nationale: Vulnérabilité et adaptation aux changements

climatiques; Rapport final.MERF, 2010. Programme National d’Investissements pour l’Environnement et les Ressources

Naturelles au Togo (PNIERN) ; 133 p.MERF, 2010. Plan d’aménagement participative de la forêt classée de Missahoè; 148 p.MERF, 2011. Priorités nationales pour le FEM5, 42 p.République Togolaise 2009. Quatrieme Rapport National de la Convention des Nations Unies sur

la Diversité Biologique. République Togolaise, Lomé, Togo.Wala, 2010. Atlas réalisé dans le cadre de l’élaboration du document du projet : « renforcer le

rôle de conservation du système national togolais des aires protégées- réhabilitation du complexe Oti – Keran – Mandouri » ; 16 p.

93

Oti River Basin

Mono River Basin

Hao River Basin

Zio River Basin

F. MAPS

Figure 1: Ecological Areas in Togo (Source: Ern, 1979)

Key :Zone I: Northern dry savanah -(Savane sèche du nord) Zone II: Low density forest, dry forest and savanah in Northern mountains (Mosaïque des forêts claires, denses sèches et des savanes des montagnes du nord) Zone III: Dry high density forests, Guinean savanah in Central highlands (Forêts denses sèches et savanes guinéennes de la plaine centrale)Zone IV: High density broadleaf forest in Soutwestern mountains (Forêts denses semi caducifoliées des montagnes du sud ouest)Zone V: Dry coastal lands, forests, savanah and fields (Zone sèche littorale, mosaïque de forêts, savanes, fourrées et prairies)

94

Abdoulaye

Galangashie

Sadi

Amou -Mono

Togodo nord et sud

Oti-Kéran-Mandouri is supported by another project (UNDP)

Figure 2: National Protected Areas selected by the IDLM project

Source : Dr Wala, rapport final, Atalas PRODOC Oti-Kéran-Mandouri

Figure 3: Land Use Map of Missahoé Forest (Source: Management plan for Missahoè Forest)

96

ANNEX 9: MAP OF TOGO

97