web site: email: [email protected] ... · abstract: home automation is becoming popular due to its...

International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 ISSN 2278-6856

Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018

Abstract: Home automation is becoming popular due to its various benefits. Home automation refers to the control of home appliances and domestic features by local networking or by remote control. Artificial Intelligence provides us the framework to go real-time decision and automation for Internet of Things (IoT).The work deals with discussion about different intelligent home automation systems and technologies from a various features standpoint. The work focuses on concept of home automation where the monitoring and control operations are facilitating through smart devices installed in residential buildings. Heterogeneous home-automation systems and technologies considered in review with central controller based (Arduino or Raspberry pi), web based, email based, Bluetooth-based, ZigBee based, Wi-Fi based, GSM based, cloud-based and the Internet with performance. Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Home Automation Microcontroller (Raspberry pi, Arduino), Home Automation System (HAS), Smart Home Energy Management System (SHEMS), Message Queue Telemetry Transportation (MQTT), General packet radio service (GPRS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), Amazon Web Service (AWS), World Health Organization (WHO), Support Vector Machine (SVM)

1. INTRODUCTION The concept of home automation has been around since the late 1970s. But with the advancement of technology and services, people’s expectations of what a home should do or how the services should be provided and accessed at home has changed a lot during the course of time, and so has the idea of home automation systems.

Automation can be quoted as a technique or system of monitoring or controlling a process by electronic devices with reduced human involvement. The fundamental of building an automation system for an office or home is increasing day-by-day with numerous benefits. Industrialist and researchers are working to build efficient and affordable automatic systems to monitor and control different machines like lights, fans and AC etc. based on the requirement. Automation not only helps in increasing efficiency but also in economical use of the electricity and water reducing their wastage [1].

IoT grant people and things to be connected any-time, anyplace, with anyone, ideally using some network and service [2]. Automation is an important application of IoT technology. It constitutes the monitoring of the energy consumption and controlling the environment in buildings,

schools, offices and museums by using different types of sensors and actuators that control lights, temperature, and humidity.

Nowadays, the security level is also a very important, always emphasized and enhanced system. Different ways of security system have been enhanced such as use a large number of security officers, the use of sophisticated weapons, the use alarms, monitoring system, through the production of electronic hardware and software and much more. All of this improvement depends on their usage. One of the most important safety system and required for all social group is home security. Houses need to be monitored at all times such as from theft, fire and short circuits. Recently, the rate of crimes involving robbery, murder and fires is increasing and worrying all of us. So, home surveillance system must be upgraded to be more effective to keep up with the increasing crime rate.

Internet of things based home security and automation is

too much beneficial due to some reasons. 1) It is less costly for installation. 2) It had a wide range of control of appliances. 3) It is also an energy saving system. 4) It is better for the security of your home. 5) Control is easily access able to your cell phone or PC The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In section 2

we provide a Features and Challenges on the Home Automation system. Section 3 describes the theory behind Wireless Communication technologies. In section 4, we describe the Smart home security objectives while section 5 provide Literature review on the different technologies such as ZigBee, Wi-Fi, GSM, Bluetooth and voice controlled Home applications. Lastly we have concluded this paper.

2. HOME AUTOMATION

The smart home is also quoted as Home automation, with the use of various technology, to make the domestic activities more convenient, cost-effective, comfortable and secure.

IoT based Home Security and Automation System: A Review

Anuja Damkonde

Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004.




Figure 1: Block diagram of Home Automation System

The main components of home automation system are as follows: 1) User Interface: Devices or Appliances that can give commands to control a system such as a monitor, computer or a phone. 2) Mode of communication technology: wired connections (e.g. Ethernet, Power Line Communication, Multimedia over Coax, ITU-T G.hn) or Wireless connections (Radio waves, Bluetooth, GSM, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Z-Wave, EnOcean,) etc. 3) Controller: It is a hardware interface that communicates with user interface to control the home electrical appliances 4) Electronic Devices: A home electrical appliances like bulb, an AC or a heater, which is suitable with the communication mode, and connected to the essential control system. 2.1 FEATURES OF HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM In recent years, wireless systems like Remote Control have become more popular in home networking. Also in automation systems, the use of wireless technologies provide several advantages that could not be achieved with the use of a wired network only[3]. 1) Installation cost is reduced : In this system no cabling is necessary so installation costs are essentially lessened. Wired systems oblige cabling, yet the material utilized for wires and the proficient establishing about cables (e.g. into walls, underground) may be expensive. 2) System is easy to scalable and extent: Due to the use of wireless network, It is easy to degree our network according to changing requirement of the system, instead of wired installations, in which cabling extension is tedious[4]. 3) Home automation is very flexible: All the operations are combined at a time like switching on the bulb(lights) and they even control the music system. All these operations could a chance to be completed ahead a solitary try. It is highly efficient. It is turning into simpler to decrease those power bill by utilizing the pro-active based home-automated appliances. 4) It is less time consuming: Home automation makes the

work easier in a way that the work will be finished with the less time. 5) It is also called Assistive Domestics: It focuses mainly on making it possible for the elderly and disabled to remain at home, safe and comfortable. 2.2 CHALLENGES IN HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM The smart Home Automation challenges are as follows:

Figure 2: Challenges of the HAS

1) Reliability: For home automation to succeed, developers ought to location consideration in regards the reliability for sensible devices compared with ancient home appliances and equipments. If connected devices don't have comparable practicality with forerunner appliance, they might generate an reinstatement classification of issues, such as how to guarantee service stability within the event of a sudden breakdown or service disappointment. A large-scale service outage is one factor; however a connected device or home automation merchandiser is additionally at the mercy of the consumer's broadband affiliation[5]. If your product cannot fall back to some lower normal of helpful practicality once an web association may be unavailable, the consumer's valuation for your product are harmed when their net connection has issue. This makes a oversized third-party reliance for sensible device companies. 2) Date Collection and Use: Many connected home and smart products rely on value propositions that need aid to some degree around new functionality, and in part about the 'smarter' utilization of assets. In place should accomplish this, data flows between the devices and servers operated by the device providers, between devices, and to and from the consumer's smart phone or computer. This creates opportunities to collect




information that may be used to improve the service, or be analysed by marketers to learn regarding consumers' habits to create and grow existing relationships. Much of the information being generated and collected is 'personal information' inside the that means of Directive 95/46/EC, and with the overall information Protection Regulation (GDPR) set to come back into force within the EU on twenty five could 2018, any businesses wanting to require advantage of those opportunities ought to keep information privacy at the highest of their agendas[5]. Even if the systems aren't hacked by malicious third parties, users and customers should be confident that the vendors provision these product and services area unit by themselves trustworthy. Vendors ought to see compliance with information protection laws as a value differentiator when developing their product offerings and selling methods. Vendors that fail to do this may step by step lose and more and more information and privacy aware market. In addition, failing clearly to tell customers concerning however their information is collected, hold on and processed could breach the GDPR and end in fines of up to €20m or four per cent of world annual turnover, whichever is higher[5]. 3) Data transformation and integration Those evolving 'connected home' implies that huge numbers related professions, for example, locksmith, heating engineer and electrician, need to consider putting software at the heart of their businesses and transforming themselves into digital providers to keep up with the market. These experts still represent key intermediaries for consumer choices about major installation projects. Vendors that see this, Furthermore provide software tools which can be deployed to interrelate with particular products, are more likely to profit from the goodwill generated in the professional community. Another aspect to consider is standardization and the ability to connect to systems/devices from other manufacturers. Having APIs or other standards-based connectivity solutions that allow devices to control/be controlled by other devices can add significantly to the overall value proposition to the consumer. This raises the question of which company owns particular standards for device interconnectivity. Where any partnerships with other device manufacturers, platform providers or app developers are to be considered, both parties should address and carefully document how any newly created intellectual property will be owned at the outset to avoid difficulties down the line[5]. 4) Liability: Solutions to smart device problems often come in the form of updates and patches, which aren't continuously totally dependable. Developers also need to tolerate in mind that not all users will download updates as they become available, leading to 'version lag' as devices continue to run older software.

In addition to making support challenges for vendors, this could leave devices vulnerable to attack. All of this creates a complex situation from a product liability perspective, as the device being used at any given point may function very differently to the device the consumer first bought. Since many connected devices need an ongoing service component from the vendor to program, the consumer facing T&Cs associated with a service are one way for manufacturers to try to limit and exclude liability. Those adequacy of this methodology will vary by jurisdiction, and the law is probable will venture in with render exclusions or limitations invalid in jurisdictions with a more protective attitude to consumer privileges. Where the relevant manufacturer has partnered with another device manufacturer or platform provider, these kinds of liability issues might be tended in the agreements that legislate the commercial relationship. In large number of cases, where manufacturers simply follow a distributed standard for device interaction, alternately use a recorded government funded API, liabilities will a chance to be clearly delineated, and vendors will have to proceed on the supposition that they might bear an significant and only those hazard regardless of there are outward elements included. 3. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

There are other different technologies which are used in the wireless sensor networks .these are : ZigBee , Z-Wave, Wi-Fi , Bluetooth, 6LoWPAN, RFID etc. 1) ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4 based communication protocol for creating small Personal Area Network. The ZigBee technology is simpler and less expensive than other personal area network technologies such as Bluetooth. It can transmit data for distances to 10-100 meters line-of-sight due to its low power consumption. It is normally used in the applications which require low data rate and long battery life while ensuring secure transmission. 2) Wi-Fi is a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) technology based on the IEEE 820.11 standards. Wi-Fi uses radio waves to exchange data amongst things within 100 m range. Wi-Fi enables smart devices to communicate and exchange information without using a router with some ad hoc configurations. Devices that can use Wi-Fi technology include personal computers, smart phones, digital cameras, tablet computers, smart TVs, digital audio players, modern printers etc. Wi-Fi compatible devices can connect to the Internet via a WLAN and a wireless access point. 3) Bluetooth presents a communication technology that operates over short distances using short-wavelength radio to exchange data between devices and with minimized power consumption. Bluetooth's standard area network range is about 10 meters i.e. for indoor applications. Bluetooth low energy (BLE) a short range radio with a reduced amount of power consumption to operate for a




longer time (even for years). Its communication range is range is ten times higher than a classic Bluetooth and therefore it is very ideal and widely used in IoT applications. 4) 6LoWPAN stands for IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network. So it is integration of Low power IEEE 802.15.4 devices into IPv6 networks. It defines set of protocols to be utilized as a part of integration of sensor nodes into IPv6 network. The application areas for low power radio communication includes home automation, offices and environmental monitoring since they require wireless internet connectivity at lower data rates. 5) RFID is known as radio-frequency identification. It is a bidirectional radio frequency identification system, which consists of tags and readers that can be interfaced to handheld computing devices or personal computers. It follows the electronic product code (EPC) protocol. It can coexist with other technologies, such as ¬ZigBee and Wi-Fi. RFID operates under a wide range of frequency bands, which vary from 120 kHz - 10 GHz and the detection distance can vary from 10 cm - 200 m. It can provide the data rate of up to 4 Mbps. RFID is used in home area network applications such as lighting control, etc. 6) Z-Wave is a reliable, low-power, low-cost proprietary wireless communication technology that is suitable for short-range communications. It is designed specifically for remote control applications in residential and light commercial environments. It supports the data rate of up to 40 kbps and the coverage distance of up to 30 meters. Z-Wave supports mesh networks, which makes it a good candidate for CPNs. However, it provides short-range communications and has low data transmission rate. It operates in 900MHz unlicensed radio frequency band used in Australia and North America, while 2.4GHz is unlicensed band used worldwide including Australia. Generally, 900MHz solutions provide significantly longer range and lower power. 4. SMART HOME SECURITY OBJECTIVES

The protection afforded to an automated information system in order to attain the applicable objectives of preserving the confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, authorization and non repudiation of information system resources (includes hardware, software, firmware, information/ data, and telecommunications) The smart home security objectives are as follows: 1) Confidentiality: the assurance that data will be disclosed only to authorized individuals or systems. 2) Integrity: the assurance that the accuracy and consistency of data will be maintained. No unauthorized modifications, destruction or losses of data will go undetected. 3) Availability: the assurance that any network resource (data/ bandwidth/equipment) will always be available for

any authorized entity. Such resources are also protected against any incident that threatens their availability. 4) Authenticity: the validation that communicating parties are who they claim they are, and that messages supposedly sent by them are indeed sent by them. 5) Authorization: the assurance that the access rights of every entity in the system are defined for the purposes of access control. 6) Non repudiation: the assurance that undeniable proof will exist to verify the truthfulness of any claim of an entity. 5. LITERATURE REVIEW

Different technologies used to build up a home automation system will be discussed in this section (Figure 3) along with their benefits, features and their applications:

Figure 3: Types of Home automation and security

system

5.1 ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM A ZigBee based low cost and flexible home automation system has been introduced in reference [6]. The controlling and monitoring of the home's low and high date rate such as multimedia applications was implemented by using ZigBee and Wi-Fi standard. A home gateway has been developed to provide interoperability between these networks. The Home Gateway was integrated with a virtual home. The home gateway was used to overcome the problem of insufficient network interoperability, identified in existing home automation approaches and also it reduces the inflexibility in the control modes of existing home automation systems. The virtual home was used to prevent any event that may pose a security or safety concern from implementation in the home networks.




Figure 4: ZigBee based HAS Overview

Another Smart Home Energy Management System (SHEMS) based on an IEEE802.15.4 and ZigBee was developed by [7]. The sensor node was classified into two types: First Generic sensor and Second actuators. The Generic sensor was used to detect the general physical sensing measurements such as temperature, humidity and light or check for the special events such as gas leaks, window status and human movement detection. Actuators was used to gather home environment information and controlling various consumer home devices. The actuators modules are Infra-Red module supports IR communication that can control TV, DVD and air conditioners and the relay modules can switch power on/off in electronic devices and control a motor. In some cases, friends and family may visit the home while the resident was absent. The visitor activate the doorbell and the doorbell event was generated in the active sensor network. Therefore the user can communicate using a cellular phone, and visitors also respond using a mike and speaker in the door. The implementation of a smart security system based on emerging wireless technology ZigBee and wide covered technology GSM was described in reference [8]. The system was used hardware Atmega128 MCU to program various sensors like motion, light, vibration, smoke and communication technology such as ZigBee and Sony Ericson T290i GSM mobile phone. Each sensor and actuators was connected with ZigBee sensor node. The vibration sensor was used for detection of window breaking, PIR for human motion detection and magnetic contact sensor for sensing door opening. The GSM module used to communicate with system and user. If any intrusion occurred, then SMS or call sent by using GSM mobile phone. Another effective Low cost android based energy-efficient home automation system has been implemented in reference [9]. The system has used Arduino microcontroller board, various sensors and actuators, and communication technology like X10 and ZigBee. The sensor and actuators was used to sense the information of the home appliances and sent to the user by using XBee router via the Arduino. The smart home system based on ZigBee and ARM has been presented in reference [10]. The system has used ARM9 S3C2440 microcontroller and Chipcon’s CC2430 micro-processors to program the various sensors such as Gas, Temperature, Infrared and communication

technologies such as ZigBee, GSM. the sensors were used to monitor the real time value and when the values of any sensor exceeds the preset threshold value, an alarm short message was automatically sent to the user by the system. The collected information of various sensors and equipment’ timing was displayed on the local interface. The users can also complete the setting of electrical timing such as the time to open or close for the device, and the setting of sensors such as sensor alarm threshold value and the buzzer switch by using GSM module. The ATMEGA128 hardware platform based home automation system using ZigBee has been implemented in reference [11]. The system control the refrigerator, fan, AC etc by sending the command via computer. The system has used ATMEGA microcontroller, various sensors or actuators and ZigBee and XBee wireless network. The system has two parts: Transmitter and Receiver. The command was transmitted through ZigBee transmitter. The ZigBee receiver receive the command and after it will send to ATMEGA128 microcontroller respond according to the command. Furthermore, The HAS-ZP was a wireless home automation system has been implemented in reference [12]. The system has used 8051 microcontroller and Panda Board as a gateway, various sensors and wireless trans-receiver. The Panda Board was used to handle and monitor each appliance in the home, in the other hand ZigBee was working as a coordinator which transmits & receives commands from Panda Board to the device & transmits it to the 8051 micro-controller. 8051 micro-controller processes the data, relatively commands the appliances such as fan, ac, bulb, door etc. and transmits the feedback data to the gateway. The system consists of any smart phone or laptop which has the facility of internet connectivity to access the appliances from anyplace. A wireless irrigation system for home garden was developed by [13]. The system consists of three modules: slave, master and server modules. The slave node and master station each of which was equipped with wireless or single chip microcontroller. The slave node was equipped with a temperature sensor, a soil-moister sensor, a water valve, a microcontroller and a ZigBee ad-hoc network. In the system, the two slaves was used, First monitors and irrigates the garden trees through one valve while the other monitors and irrigates the garden grass through another valve and then it forwarded to the master station via a ZigBee ad-hoc network. The master station has an embedded fuzzy logic irrigation algorithm to water the grass and trees based on a set of rules. A home web-server was interfaced with the master station for remote access monitoring and operation.




TABLE 1: ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Sr. N

o.

Syst

em

Com

mun

icat

ion

inte

rfac

e

Con

trolle

r

Use

r int

erfa

ce

App

licat

ions

Ben

efits

1 A Z

igB

ee-B

ased

Hom

e A

utom

atio

n Sy

stem

ZigB

ee, W

i-Fi

ZigB

ee c

ontro

ller

PC o

r Com

pute

r

Safe

ty S

enso

r, R

adia

tor V

alve

, the

mon

itorin

g an

d co

ntro

l of

hous

ehol

d de

vice

s

flexi

ble

and

scal

able

, re

duce

the

syst

em’s

com

plex

ity

and

low

er fi

scal

cos

ts

2 Des

ign

and

Impl

emen

tatio

n of

Sm

art H

ome

Ener

gy

Man

agem

ent S

yste

ms b

ased

on

ZigB

ee

IEEE

802

.15.

4 , Z

igB

ee, R

FID

- Mob

ile p

hone

Tem

pera

ture

, Hum

idity

, CO

2, P

IR, L

ight

, Gas

,

Flex

ible

and

scal

able

3 Impl

emen

tatio

n of

Zig

Bee

-GSM

bas

ed

Hom

e Se

curit

y M

onito

ring

and

Rem

ote

Con

trol s

yste

m

ZigB

ee E

M35

7, G

SM

Atm

ega1

28 M

CU

Sony

Eric

sson

T29

0i m

obile

ph

one

Vib

ratio

n, S

mok

e de

tect

ion,

doo

r con

tact

sens

or, P

IR

sens

or

low

cos

t, lo

w p

ower

con

sum

ptio

n an

d us

er fr

iend

ly w

ay o

f a re

liabl

e po

rtabl

e m

onito

ring

and

cont

rol o

f the

secu

red

envi

ronm

ent

4 Low

cos

t Ard

uino

/And

roid

-bas

ed E

nerg

y-Ef

ficie

nt H

ome

Aut

omat

ion

Syst

em w

ith

Smar

t Tas

k Sc

hedu

ling

ZigB

ee, X

10

Ard

uino

And

roid

app

Tem

pera

ture

, Lig

ht

cost

-eff

icie

nt, h

ighl

y fle

xibl

e an

d sc

alab

le a

nd c

an b

e ex

pand

ed

to la

rge

hous

ehol

ds

5 Smar

t Hom

e Sy

stem

Bas

ed o

n Zi

gBee

an

d A

RM

TC35

i GSM

, Zig

Bee

, SM

S

AR

M9

S3C

2440

M

obile

pho

ne

Gas

, Tem

pera

ture

, Inf

rare

d

Low

cos

t, si

mpl

e to

inst

all

6 Hom

e ap

plia

nce

cont

rolli

ng u

sing

Zig

Bee

on

ATM

EGA

128

hard

war

e pl

atfo

rm

ZigB

ee

ATM

EGA

128

Com

pute

r

Smok

e de

tect

or, W

ater

leak

age

alar

m

Low

dat

a ra

te, l

ow p

ower

con

sum

ptio

n, lo

w

cost

, sec

urity

and

relia

bilit

y

7 Hom

e A

utom

atio

n Sy

stem

usi

ng

ZigB

ee a

nd P

anda

Boa

rd a

s a G

atew

ay

(HA

S-ZP

)

ZigB

ee, P

anda

Boa

rd (I

nbui

lt W

i-Fi

& L

AN

por

t)

Mic

roco

ntro

ller(

8051

)

smar

t pho

ne o

r lap

top

or ta

blet

Ligh

t, Te

mpe

ratu

re, S

ound

relia

ble

and

effic

ient

syst

em

8 ZigB

ee-B

ased

Irrig

atio

n Sy

stem

for

Hom

e G

arde

ns

ZigB

ee, X

Bee

Sing

le c

hip

Mic

roco

ntro

ller

Pers

onal

com

pute

r

Tem

pera

ture

, Soi

l, M

oist

ure,

Wat

er

valv

e

low

pow

er

cons

umpt

ion,

size

, aff

ord

abili

ty a

nd

dura

bilit

y




5.2 GSM BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM The design and implementation of low cost, low power consumption and GSM/GPRS based home security system was described in reference [14]. The system contains a GSM/GPRS gateway and three wireless security sensor nodes: door security nodes, infrared security nodes and fire alarm nodes. The system has used two 8-bit PSoC (Programmable System on Chip) to process the various sensors and GSM/GPRS wireless technology. The system receives information of sensor nodes and it send to the microprocessor. If any node alarms, then it display alarm message on the LCD and sends SMS messages to user. The low-power consumption remote home security alarm system developed by applying WSN and GSM technology was presented in reference [15]. The system has used C8051F310 MCU controller to program different sensors such as Gas, Temperature, PIR, Pyroelectric infrared detector, smoke detector and SIMENS TC35 GSM network and WSN (Wireless Sensor Network). The sensor node was used to collect the information and send to the microcontroller. If it can detect the theft, leaking of raw gas and fire then it send alarm short message remotely to the user. Another widely used microcontroller is 8-bit ATmega328 microcontroller board. The model described by [16] was an GSM Based home security system primarily equipped with Gas detector, Smoke detector, PIR sensor and wireless technology GSM. The system was designed to detect burglary, leaking of gas, smoke caused due to fire and after detecting suspicious activity it sends a alarm short message to the user's cell phone. The whole process was controlled by a android cell phone application. The analysis and implementation of the home automation technology using Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) modem to control home appliances such as light, conditional system, and security system via Short Message Service (SMS) was presented in reference [17]. The collected information of sensors was send to the PIC16F887 microcontroller and any suspicious activity was occurred, then SMS was send to the user via GSM network. The users will be able to receive feedback status of any home appliances under control whether switched on or off remotely from their mobile phones.

Figure 5: Overview of GSM based home security system

The design and implementation of home security system based GSM cellular communication network was described in reference [18]. The system was used switch, monitoring for any interrupt or intrusion. When any interrupt was detected, then it send to the 8051 microcontroller. Then the microcontroller send warning SMS message to the Android phone via GSM network. If user replied immediately in given or defined time period, a reply SMS is sent back to the remote modem and then the buzzer in the remote place should be triggered alarming about a possible intrusion as shown in Figure 5 . Another effective digital notice board and a home automation system using a GSM SIM900 module was presented in reference [19]. The system has used 32-bit ARM based microcontroller LPC2148, GSM SIM900 module, a motor, an LCD and an android application for user interface with the hardware. The android application was used to monitor and control the home appliances like light, fan etc. and the status of the home appliances and message can be displayed on the LCD. To control the home appliances, the user can sent SMS to the Microcontroller via GSM module from any location in the world. The home automation based GSM module using Raspberry Pi has been implemented in reference [20]. The Home automation system may contain Raspberry Pi controller to control lightning in the house, HAVC( Heating, Ventilation and air conditioning),Security locks of gates, doors etc. via SMS service using GSM communication network. The Smart Home Automation Security and Energy Efficient Wireless System using GSM was developed by [21]. The system has used PIC18F452 microcontroller to program the various sensors like temperature sensor, motion sensor, etc and communication technology GSM . The system control the light, fan etc Moreover, it also control the outside environment such as main door , garage door and irrigation. If the system detects a motion then send a signal to the microcontroller and microcontroller send a SMS message to the user through GSM module to take a necessary action like call the police station.

TABLE 2: GSM BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Sr. No.

System

Communication interfac

e

Controller

User

interfac

e

Application

s

Benefits

1

A Low Cost

GSM/GPRS

Based Wireles

s Home Securit

y System

GSM/GPRS

8-bit PSoC

Mobile phone

PIR, Temperature, Fire alarm

low cost, low

power consumptio

n,




2

A Remote Home Securit

y System Based

on Wireles

s Sensor Network and GSM

Technology

SIMENS TC35 GSM, GPRS, WSN

C8051F310

MCU

Mobile phone

Pyroelectric infrare

d detect

or, temperature sensor

, smoke detect

or ,Gas, PIR

Low power consumptio

n

3

Design and

Implementation of a GSM Based remote home

security and

appliance

control system

GSM

ATmega328

microcontrolle

r (8-bit)

Android app

Gas, Smok

e detect

or, PIR

low cost , User

friendly

interface,

Small size, Very short

response

time, Wide area

coverage

4

Smart GSM Based Home Automation

System

GSM, SMS

PIC16F887

Mobile phone

Light, Temperatur

e

Maximum reliabl

e

5

Android

Interface based GSM Home Securit

y System

GSM

8051 Microcontrolle

r (P89V5 1 RD2)

Android app

Monitoring the

intrusion,

interrupt

user friendl

y, highly robust

6

GSM based Smart Home and

Digital Notice Board

GSM SIM90

0

ARM LPC21

48 Microcontrolle

r

Android app

Monitoring and

controlling home applia

nce like

cheap, quick, reliable and

reduces

physical

effort

light , fan etc

as well as

ensures

energy

consumptio

n management

7

Using Raspberry Pi and

GSM Survey

on Home Automation

GSM Raspberry Pi

Mobile phone

window

sensor,

motion

detectors

smart, economic and

efficient

8

Smart Home Automation

Security and

Energy Efficie

nt Wireles

s System using GSM

GSM SIM90

0

ATMEL

AT89S52

microcontrolle

r, PIC18F

452 microcontrolle

r

Mobile phone

Temperatur

e, Smok

e, Intrusi

on

highly-

flexible and cost-

effective

5.3 WI-FI BASED WIRELESS HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM The smart home automation system using Wi-Fi low power devices was developed by [22]. The system has used Tag4M hardware device for security, temperature control and smoke detector. The system has also used the LabVIEWTM graphical programming environment, which used the NI LabVIEWTM Statechart Module for collecting data from different sensors like Temperature, Humidity, Light, Smoke, Shock, Pressure etc. and it also reduces the energy power consumption. When unwanted event occurred then specific action takes place. The design and implementation of Wi-Fi based home automation system home automation system has been presented in reference [23].The system has used Arduino Microcontroller to program the different sensors like Temperature, Humidity, Smoke, Light ant Motion etc. through Wi-Fi communication network. The HAS system consists of three main modules: the server, the hardware interface module, and the software package. Secure Wi-Fi technology was used by server, and hardware interface module to




communicate with each other. User may used the same technology to login to the server web based application. Another smart control system based on the technologies of IoT has been introduced by [24]. The system used a ARM-based STM32F100C8T6B Microcontroller to set up a radio frequency wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN). The control modules, have been developed in the WSAN to control home appliances. Application servers, client computers, tablets or smart phones can communicate with the Microcontroller through a wireless router via a Wi-Fi interface. The design and implementation of a smart home system based on Wi-Fi network was described in reference [25].The system consists home gateway and IoT devices connected via Wi-Fi. Each IoT device can only communicate with the gateway. Based on user preferences, the information from one device can also trigger the gateway to send a message to another device in order to response with appropriate action. The Raspberry Pi Linux computer board with Wi-Fi transceiver was used to implement the home gateway. The user can access the gateway via the mobile phone to get the list of events from all devices and setup different response actions for different devices. Furthermost, IoT based Smart Home Design using Power and Security Management using Ethernet based INTEL GALILEO 2ND generation development board has been implemented by [26]. The system was used various sensors like temperature sensor and smoke sensor to check for fire and PIR sensor for the unwanted event at their home and also monitor and control the real time tracking and switching of all electrical home appliances through an android based mobile app. The smart home system has also an option of controlling appliances by either sending voice commands or by simple tap-to-touch system. An IoT home security and automation system has been presented in reference [27]. The system has used TI CC3200 Launchpad board, and PIR motion detector sensor and Wi-Fi network. If any intruder was occurred then the signal send to the microcontroller. The user, who may or may not be present in the home, will be receiving a voice call on mobile phone stating that ’There is an Intruder in the Home’. To turn ON the lights and alarm at home so that the intruder will be warned. Moreover if the user finds that the home was not safe then user can send an SMS to the concerned authority in police department explaining the situation.

Figure 6: Overview of the smart home security and automation

The different approach for Home Automation was a Room Temperature Control and Fire Alarm/Suppression IoT Service Using Message Queue Telemetry Transportation (MQTT) on Amazon Web Service (AWS) has been implemented in reference [28]. The system has used three Arduino, Temperature sensor, Fire alarm flame sensor and sprinkler. Arduino were equipped with Wi-Fi module to communicate with MQTT broker. MQTT broker would be installed on AWS. Android Smart phone application was monitor and control the room temperature, get fire alarm message on fire event, check sprinkler status, and active the sprinkler when not in action on fire event. A Low Cost Home Automation System Using Wi-Fi Based Wireless Sensor Network has been developed in reference [29]. The system has used Atmel ATmega microcontroller was equipped with different sensors (DHT11 Temperature and Humidity, HC-SR501 PIR motion sensor, Water level sensor, MQ2 LPG Gas sensor, ACS-712 Current sensor, M009 Rain sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, LM393 IR Flame sensor) used to capture the readings of temperature, humidity, water level, gas leakage and the flame sensing devices making it an efficient system for security as well as for monitoring. The Smart phone application has been used to monitor and control multiple devices of the home. If the reading values exceeds the defined threshold value then user can start the alarm. Raspberry Pi based home automation system was used to controlling the electrical appliances with remote or a Smartphone and Android for live monitoring to get the continuous updates of the home has been described in reference [30].The system also developed the Bill Calculation System from which one can compare it with the actual one. The system has a few Sensors, Detectors which was embedded with the Raspberry Pi. The user can monitor and control the home electrical home appliances through smart phone from any place in the world. If anyone enters in the room motion detectors was send the signals to raspberry Pi to turn on the lights or fans. If user wants how much electricity consumption has been occurred, then user can get the result of every minute Monitored with the graph of electricity consumed versus time and what was the bill and can take preventive measures.




TABLE 1: WI-FI BASED WIRELESS HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Sr. No.

System

Communicati

on interfa

ce

Controller

User

interfac

e

Applications

Benefits

1

Smart Home

Automation

System Using Wi-Fi Low

Power Devices

Wi-Fi Tag4M hardware device

PC or

compute

r

HIH-5030

Humidity,

MP3H6115A

6U Pressure, Gas, TC1046VNB Temperature, LX1792 light sensor,

SQ-SEN-200

shock sensor, Smoke

comfort, flexibility

, elegance, security, a reliable, low cost and low

power

consumin

g

2

Design and

Implementation of a Wi-

Fi Based Home

Automation

System

Wi-Fi, LAN

Arduino Microcontroller

PC or Co

mputer or

Mobile phone

Temperature, Humid

ity, Light, Smoke

, Motion

a low cost, secur

e, ubiquitously

accessible, auto-configurable

3

An IoT-based

Appliance

Control System

for Smart Homes

Wi-Fi

ARM-based

STM32F100C8

T6B micro

controller

computer, a tablet,

Smart

phone

Humidity,

Temperature

lower

energy

costs and

reducing

emissions

4

Securing IoT

for Smart Home

System

Wi-Fi Raspberry Pi

Mobile phone

provide a

better authentication proces

s

High secur

ity

5

IoT based Smart Home Design using Power

and Security Manage

ment

Wi-Fi INTEL GALIL

EO

Android app

Light, Temperature, Smoke, PIR

user friendly and easy

to manage.

6

IoT Based Smart

Security and

Home Automa

tion System

Wi-Fi

TI-CC3200 Launchpad board

Smart

phone

PIR sensor, Light

low cost syste

m

7

Room Temper

ature Control and Fire Alarm/Suppression IoT Service Using MQTT

on AWS

Wi-Fi Arduino

Android Sma

rt phone

Temperature sensor,

fire alarm flame sensor

quality of service,

retained

messages, persistent session

8

A Low Cost

Home Automa

tion System Using Wi-Fi Based

Wireless Sensor Networ

k Incorporating

Internet of

Things(IoT)

ESP8266 Wi-

Fi modul

e

Atmel ATmega microcontrollers

Android Sma

rt phone

DHT11

Temperature and

Humidity

sensor, HC-

SR501 PIR

motion sensor, Water level

sensor, MQ2 LPG Gas

Low cost, cost-effective




sensor, ACS-712

Current

sensor, M009 Rain

sensor, Ultraso

nic sensor, LM393 IR

Flame sensor

9

Raspberry Pi Based Home

Automation

Using Wi-Fi, IOT &

Android for Live Monitor

ing

Wi-Fi Raspberry Pi

Smart

phone

Temperature and

Humidity

sensor, Light

sensor, PIR

motion detecto

r sensor

Ease of

Access to handicapped

people,

Good and user friendly

environme

nt

5.4 BLUETOOTH BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM The design and implementation of a low cost, flexible and secure cell phone based home automation system has been described in reference [31]. The system has used Arduino BT board and the home appliances were equipped with this board via relays. The communication between the Cell phone and the Arduino BT board was wireless. Password protection was being used to only allow authorized users from accessing the appliances at home. Exploiting Bluetooth on Android Mobile Devices for Home Security Application has been described in reference [32]. The system has used Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller and a BlueSmirf gold Bluetooth wireless technology as shown in Figure7. The Arduino board was equipped with door and window and their position was determined by using magnetic switch. In addition to using the Android device to lock or unlock the door, a switch that used a physical key was installed in the door jamb along with status lights of the system. So the system can check the status of the door and window on the mobile phone.

Figure 7: structure of home security application

Another Smart Home System for Disabled People Via Wireless Bluetooth has been presented in reference [33]. The system has used PIC16F877A microcontroller equipped with various sensors like Temperature, Humidity etc. and communication wireless Bluetooth technology. The user can monitor and control the home appliances using controller via Bluetooth by triggering of relays connected to the microcontroller. The input data of the humidity and temperature sensors connected to the microcontroller which will be updated periodically on the user interface. Additionally to the system, the IP camera was accessed via Wi-Fi to the Internet where user can control and monitor the condition of the home in real time. A low-cost Smart home system, which uses Android based User Interface for control of home appliances has been presented in reference [34].The system has used Arduino Ethernet as main controller which consist Arduino Mega 2560 and Arduino Ethernet Shield with other hardware such as the nRF24L01+ radio module, siren which was used to communicate the other sensor nodes within the home environment and the Bluetooth module The Android based smart home app was designed using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology App Inventor that was provided by Google. For Bluetooth connection, selecting the device and entering a password was required whereas for internet connectivity, the user has to enter the IP address and a password. If entered details was correct then it grant the access and if the entered details was incorrect then appropriate messages were displayed on the user app. The system also supports voice activation for all switching functionalities by using the Google Speech Recognizer. On the other hand, the sensor nodes deployed in the home environment monitor the status of the appliances and if there was a change in the status or fire/intrusion was detected, it sends the signal to the main controller via the RF link. Once data was received, the status was updated by the micro-web server and if the data was that of fire or intrusion the siren was turned on and an email notification will be sent to the user. Furthermost, Bluetooth Based Sophisticated Home Automation System Using Smartphone has been




implemented in reference [35]. The system has used Arduino UNO microcontroller and HC-05 Bluetooth module has been used for wireless communication. The Arduino UNO microcontroller board was equipped with LED lights (Switching & Regulation), D.C Motor and Servo Motor and these components was accessed & controlled by using smart phone. The system has a password which was used while pairing the system to a phone via Ardudoid app. Ardudoid was a simple tool to control Arduino Uno microcontroller from Android phone via the HC- 05 Bluetooth module. Various signals can be generated by microcontroller and the intensity of the LEDs, Position of DC Servo motor and the speed of DC motor can be controlled by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. A low cost and user friendly remote controlled home automation system using Bluetooth technology has been presented in reference [36]. The system consist of three main components: Smartphone, Arduino board and Bluetooth module. The system has used Arduino UNO microcontroller which was equipped with Various sensors such as Soil moisture sensor, HC-SR0 Ultrasonic sensor and HC-05 Bluetooth module has been used for wireless communication between Arduino board and smart phone. The ultrasonic sensor was used for water level detection and soil moisture sensor was used for automatic plant irrigation system. In the system, The user has been control maximum 18 appliances and sensors and the status of these appliances and sensors can be report on smart phone application using Bluetooth technology.

TABLE 4: BLUETOOTH BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Sr. No.

System


e

Controller

User interface

Application

s

Benefits

1

Bluetooth

based Home automation Syste

m using Cell

Phone

Bluegiga

WT11 Bluetoo

th module

Arduino BT board

Cell phon

e

Light sensor

low cost, flexible and wirele

ss solution to HAS

2

Exploiting

Bluetooth on Andro

id Mobil

e Devic

es for

Home

BlueSmirf

gold Bluetoo

th transcei

ver

Arduino

Mega2560

microcontrolle

r

Android

Smart phon

e

Magnetic

sensor

Low cost, Low

power consumptio

n

Security

Application

3

Smart Home System for Disabl

ed People Via Wirel

ess Blueto

oth

Bluetooth

modem, Wi-Fi

PIC16F877A

microcontrolle

r

Mobile

phone

Humidity and

Temperatur

e sensor

safety and

comfortable

for disabl

ed and

elderly

people

4

Android

Based Smart Home Syste

m with Control via Blueto

oth and

Internet

Connectivity

Bluetooth and

Internet

Arduino

Ethernet

microcontrolle

r

Android

Smartphon

e

Temperatur

e, Humidity,

Light, Gas, PIR

motion

sensor

A low-cost and

flexible

standalone

smart home syste

m

5

A Blueto

oth Based Sophisticate

d Home Automatio

n Syste

m Using Smartphone

Bluetooth HC-

05

Arduino UNO

Smart phon

e Light

a reliabl

e, compact, fast and low cost

6

Smart Home Automatio

n Syste

m Using Blueto

oth

Bluetooth

Arduino Uno

Smart phon

e

Soil moisture

sensor, HC-SR0

Ultrasonic

sensor

low cost and user

friendly,

suitable for elderly and




Technology

handicappe

d peopl

e, reduc

e huma

n labor and save energ

y

5.5 VOICE OR SPEECH RECOGNITION BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM Voice controlled home automation systems have drawn considerable attention in the recent years. Initially, home automation systems were designed for the people seeking luxury and sophisticated home. But, there was always a need to develop home automation system for the people with special needs like the elderly and the disabled. According to a report published by the World Health Organization (WHO) around 785 million people of 15 years and older live with disability [37]. Of these, the World Health Survey reports that 110 million people have significant difficulties in functioning. Another report published by the Population Division of United Nations show that about 10% of the World’s population is older than 60 years and it is estimated that this figure will reach up to 21% by 2050 [38]. In order to assist the old people and the people with disability home automation technologies are adopting voice control or voice recognition techniques. The main idea is to control and monitor home appliances by using voice command. The motivation behind this work is also the same.

Figure 8: Overview of the Voice recognition based HAS

The design and implementation of home automation system where a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), internet and speech have been used in reference [39]. The system has used PIC16F876, temperature sensor and motion sensor and RF communication standard as shown in

Figure 8. It can also monitor and control the real time home appliances through an mobile phone and Internet or Speech and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) was used for speech recognition. To improve the security of home, a password based door lock system was developed. If three repeated wrong attempts occur then the system sends SMS to the user through the default GSM number. Another home automation approach based on voice command using Android was implemented by [40]. Initially, it had 3 main components: Arduino UNO controller, Bluetooth module and Smartphone for Android user application. It can monitor and control the home electrical appliances through voice command using android via smart phone. Bluetooth module in the Smartphone transmits the command from android to the Arduino Uno to process the home appliances. Another ZigBee based voice controlled home automation system was presented in [41]. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) system can be used as computer driven transcription of spoken language that allows a computer to identify the spoken words captured from a microphone and convert it into written texts and it send to the specified application address via ZigBee wireless communication protocol. The status of each device was monitored by toggle circuit. LabView software has been used to support human-computer interactions to realize multiple functions. Intelligent Interface Based Speech Recognition for Home Automation using Android Application was described by [42].The system has used microcontroller board to program various sensors like Light sensor, Current sensor and communication technology like General packet radio service (GPRS). By using the voice commands, the home automation system allows controlling of home appliances by recognizing speech and speech recognition was done by Support Vector Machine (SVM). The system was controlled and monitored from the remote location using Android Smart Phone. The voice command function to control any home electrical appliances using Raspberry Pi has been presented in reference [43].The system has three different way to control electrical devices : automatic control system using a schedule, manual button click on its web interface and, voice commands. Cloud-based API and Wolfram Alpha was deployed to record voice command which was converted it into text to be processed by Raspberry Pi. Speech based home automation uses voice command to monitor and control the electrical appliances in the home has been introduced in reference [44]. The system has used ARM11 Raspberry Pi microcontroller board, PIR sensor and communication technologies such as HC-05 Bluetooth , SIM 900 GSM/GPRS a shown in Figure 9. It was used two schemes for home automation and control i.e. Bluetooth technology and GSM/GPRS technology was used for controlling electrical appliances. Google "Speech to text app" was deployed to record voice command which was converted it into text to be processed by Raspberry Pi. PIR sensor was used to detect the human intrusion in the home and if any intrusion occurred. the GSM modem alerts through SMS to user.




Figure 9: structure of HAS using Raspberry Pi

Another effective real time system using Gesture and Voice recognition to Control the home automation system was implemented in reference [45]. The system has used ARM Cortex-A8 processor and wireless connection technology ZigBee. With gesture and voice as input signals, the system processes the control commands and transfers them into the actuators via wireless connection Dynamic Time Wrapping (DTW) was use for voice recognition and to recognize gesture by counting the number of fingers.

TABLE 2: VOICE OR SPEECH RECOGNITION BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Sr. No.

System


e

Controller

User interface

Application

s

Benefits

1

A GSM,

Internet and

Speech Control

led Wireles

s Interact

ive Home Automation

System

GSM, SMS

PIC16F876

Mobile

phone

Temperature and Motio

n detection,

Door status, Light level ,Vide

o monitoring, Controlling appliances

Low cost,

powerful and user

friendly way

of real-time

monitoring

2

Voice Control

of Home Appliances using

Androi

Bluetooth

Arduino Uno

Smart

phone

Controlling electri

cal appliances

User-friendl

y interface and ease of

install

d ation, Support to

elderly and disabl

ed people

at home

3

Zigbee Based Voice

Controlled

Wireless

Smart Home

System

Zigbee RF

Modules

Xbee and

Arduino

Compute

r

accessibility

for the deaf and hard of

hearing,

cost reduct

ion throu

gh automation, cost

reduction

through

automation

low cost and low

power

4

Intelligent

Interface Based Speech Recogn

ition for

Home Automation using

Android

Application

GPRS microcontrolle

r

Smart

phone

Light, Curre

nt

Low cost,

Reduces the wiring

by using wirele

ss networks.

5

Scheduler and Voice

Recognition on Home Automation

Control

web-based data

server

Raspberry Pi

Smart

phone

Cloud-

based API &

Wolfram

Alpha used

Low price and

small size

computers




System for record

ing voice comm

and

6

Implementatio

n of Speech based Home Automation

System using

Bluetooth and GSM

HC-05 Bluetooth and SIM 900

GSM/GPRS

ARM11

Raspberry Pi

Smart

phone

PIR , Control &

monitoring

of appliances,

Security

surveillance

Accessibilit

y, Comfort,

Energy

efficiency,

Useful for

elderly and physic

ally handicapped people

7

Gesture and

Voice Control

of Internet

of Things

Zigbee ARM

Cortex-A8

Pc or

Compute

r

Controlling appliances using gestur

e & voice

very high

accuracy

5.6 SMART DIGITAL DOOR LOCK FOR THE HOME AUTOMATION A smart digital door lock system for home automation has been implemented in reference [46].The smart digital door lock system can be divided into five parts: the control module, the motor module, the sensor module, the communication module and the I/O module. The control module was the brain of the system and the locking operation is controlled by the motor module. The communication between devices and the control module was done by communication module. The user can access to the door lock system through I/O modules such as RFID reader, dial pad. etc. The user or person was authenticated through password or RFID tag, the door lock was opened and the LCD displays the status of different home appliances. On detecting the emergency situation by sensor node, the door lock sends the SMS to the user notifying about the situation and also triggers the alarm. The design of remote monitoring intelligent system based on fingerprint lock has been implemented in reference [47]. The system has used PIC18LF45 microcontroller, Tactile sensor and communication technology such as PSTN and GSM. The module uses advanced fingerprint recognition algorithm and a powerful ARM9 chip S3C2410. Fingerprint recognition algorithm, as well as control programs stored in the chip. The system was used fingerprint to open door lock and if any unauthorized

person occurred, SMS send to the user and it also triggers alarm in the home. Another door lock system using Handwriting Pattern Recognition technology was described in reference [48]. Arduino was the main controller and Wi-Fi as a communication technology. The system has two phases: First, the user must input the username and password on a smart phone and Second, the user must use a handwritten way, to write the text or pattern of previous settings on smart phones. Users entered a handwriting pattern on the phone , if pattern identity recognition was successfully confirmed, then the login will be able to command the electronic door open or closed. Access Control of Door and Home Security using Raspberry Pi Through Internet has been presented in reference [49]. The system has used minicomputer Raspberry Pi was equipped with Wi-Fi dongle. PIR sensor was used to detection of human motion. If any thief tries to entered into the house PIR sensor will identify the human motion and it triggers the alarm. The wireless camera was used to capture an image of the visitor or any thief and then after receiving the image Raspberry Pi sends a mail to user.

Figure 10: Structure of Door and Home Security

system

Another effective the design and implementation of a GSM based digital door lock security system using PIC platform was described in reference [50].The system has used microcontroller PIC 16F877A, GSM module, 16x2 LCD display, Gear motor and buzzer .The system was used a 5-digit password to lock or unlock the door by using a gear motor. Three repeated unsuccessful attempts in entering the correct password results in sending a warning message, was sent to preset mobile numbers, as a means of detecting unauthorized intrusion. The digital door lock system have been widely used in households and offices was described in reference [51].The system has used Arduino microcontroller, different sensors such as ultrasonic sensor, impact detection sensor, camera and Bluetooth as a communication technology. The system has two main feature : First, impact detection sensor was used to detect an intruder who tries to invade by applying physical force to the lock. Second , it has an image transfer function i.e. attacker who does not know the password will make a variety of attempts. Therefore, if an attacker mistypes the




password more than a given number of times, the system obtains images of the intruder and send them to the mobile device via Bluetooth. The design and development of a home security system based on human face recognition technology and remotely monitoring technology to control door accessibility has been reported in reference [52]. The system has used two components: First wireless control units (WCU) and a second wireless information unit (WIU). The system has used Raspberry Pi microcontroller to processing the unit of WIU. Face detection and recognition algorithms, as well as a wireless interface (WIU) are used to detect and identify visitors and send an email or an alert message about the home status via GSM network automatically to the user's mobile phone and the user then sent mail to WIU for controlling action. If the existence system was satisfied safety and security then WIU forward the controlling command to WCU wirelessly to perform switching action.

Figure 11: Door Lock system overview

Furthermore, the design and implementation of an interactive home security system using biometric with IoT Server has been presented in reference [53]. The system has use ARM11 Raspberry Pi microcontroller to program various sensors like Vibration sensor, Fire sensor, Temperature sensor Gas sensor and buzzer. Finger print sensor was used to recognize the authorized user. The sensors send the signal to the processor during harmful situations. When unauthorized persons try to open the door then buzzer will ring and sent a message to the user.

TABLE 3: SMART DIGITAL DOOR LOCK FOR THE HOME AUTOMATION

Sr. No.

System

Communicati

on interfac

e

Controller

User interface

Application

s

Benefits

1

Smart Digital Door Lock

for the Home Automation

ZigBee, RFID,

SMS

Microcontrolle

r (Door Lock

controller)

Mobile phone

Temperatur

e, Gas

leakage,

Burglary,

Cheap, Flexibl

e, Easily install

ed withou

t

Fire

requirement

of any infrastructure

s

2

Remote Monito

ring Intellig

ent System Based

on Fingerp

rint Door Lock

GSM and

PSTN

PIC18LF45

Mobile phone

Tactile

sensor

effective,

high accura

cy, security and

ease of use to meet the

target requirement

3

Home Safety Handwriting

Pattern Recogn

ition System

Wi-Fi Arduino

Smart

phone or

Tablet

PC

Controlling

the home securi

ty

For elderly

or disable

d people

4

Access Control

of Door and

Home Securit

y by Raspberry Pi

Through

Internet

Wi-Fi Raspberry Pi

Compute

r PIR

cost effecti

ve

5

GSM Based Digital Door Lock

Security

System

GSM PIC

16F877A

Mobile phone

Stable &

Emerging

product in field

of securi

ty syste

ms for both

residential and

commercial

High security and cost

effective




6

Security and

Usability

Improvement on a

Digital Door Lock

System based

on Internet

of Things

HC-06 Blueto

oth

Arduino

Mobile app

Ultrasonic, Impac

t detection,

Camera

Enhancing the

security

system

7

Web-Based Online Embed

ded Door

Access Control

and Home Securit

y System Based

on Face

Recognition

GSM/GPRS, Zigbee

ARM1176JZF

-S Raspberry Pi

Smart

phone , PC or Pc or PC or

compute

r

Controlling and

monitoring the

environment condition of home

low cost,

robust and

easily operab

le system, easy

to install

8

Design and

Implementatio

n of Door

Access Control

and Securit

y System Based on IoT

IoT server

ARM1

1 Raspberry Pi

PC or

Compute

r

Vibration

sensor, Fire sensor

, Temperatur

e sensor, Gas sensor

cost effecti

ve, provid

es high

security with

less cost

5.7 CLOUD BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM The design and implementation of a cloud connected adhoc wireless home automation system with en suite intrusion detection and burglary prevention stratagems has been presented in reference [54]. Cloud refers to the online services provided over the Internet together with the hardware and software resources of the servers that offer those services. The home appliances was equipped with microcontroller board through relays. A SMS modem connected to the cloud server was used to notify the users, in case of intrusion events. If any intrusion detected by

camera then it report to the cloud and notify to the user via SMS. When user confirms it was a real intrusion, Stealthily alert neighbours, who are also using our home automation system, using SMS, email or by playing low sound alarms in their home or inform the local police station. The system developed a Home Automation system that employs the integration of multi-touch mobile devices, cloud networking, wireless communication, and power-line communication to provide the user with remote control of various lights and appliances within their home has been presented in reference [55].The system was used a consolidation of a mobile phone application, handheld wireless remote, and PC based program to provide a means of user interface to the consumer. The home gateway controller interfaces Pachube cloud with in-home equipment. The Arduino controller was used for the main communication between several components, i.e. internet connection, wireless and power line communication. The system allows the user to control appliances and lights in their home from an iPad and PC from anywhere in the world through an internet connection. Another design and implementation of a home security system to detect an intruder at home when nobody was present has been described in reference [56]. The system has used ARM7 LPC2148 Microcontroller to program the various sensors such as Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) module and a Infrared (IR) sensor, GSM modem, LCD, Buzzer. The commands and messages was displayed on the LCD. Presence of intrusion was detected when the system senses the signal generated by many sensors. The system sends a message to the user through GSM modem after detecting the presence of unauthorized person. if the intrusion was real then user sends the reply SMS as which will ON the buzzer in home or inform to the neighbour or police station. A cloud based low cost home automation system has been implemented in reference [57] using the Digilent chip KIT Uno32 and Arduino Uno. The system has Arduino UNO R3 was based on an Atmel ATMega328 microcontroller and various sensors such as LMT84LP Temperature, Proximity/motion sensor, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic range sensor etc. and these sensors was connected to the chip KIT Uno32 are communicating values to the cloud and the readings were published to the Exposited server for remote monitoring. The collected data of the sensor node was sent to the cloud. The cloud has control switches to turn off/on the appliances at home, to open/close the garage door etc.

TABLE 4: CLOUD BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Sr. No.

System


e

Controller

User interface

Applications

Benefits

1 Clou

d Contr

Cloud server, SMS

Microcontroll

er

mobile

devic

Motion detectio

n

Low cost




olled Intrus

ion Detection and

Burglary

Prevention Stratagems

in Hom

e Automatio

n Systems

modem e HTC HD7

sensor, controls

and monitor

s the security surveill

ance system via the cloud

services

2

Home

Automatio

n using Clou

d Network and

Mobile

Devices

Zigbee wireless

, Pachube Cloud Networ

k

Arduino

Ethernet

microcontroll

er

iOS Mobi

le Application and

PC Applicatio

n

the user can

control various appliances and lights within their home from any

location in the world

Low power consumption, low cost

3

An Intelligent Surveillanc

e with Clou

d Storage for Hom

e Secur

ity

GSM Modem, Cloud

network

ARM7 LPC21

48 Microcontroll

er

Mobile

phone

IR Sensor,

PIR Sensor

cost effecti

ve

4

Cloud

based low-cost Hom

e Monitorin

Wi-Fi Shield

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6. CONCLUSION In this paper different home automation systems surveyed and their Features, Challenges and Security aspects are discussed. Bluetooth based home automation system is a flexible and low cost, such system can only work in the short range of Bluetooth wireless network. Voice recognition based system are most suitable for elderly and handicapped people, they can control the appliances by just saying the name of appliances. Such systems are noise sensitive and their accuracy can be affected by signal to noise ratio (SNR). Another automation system used ZigBee RF modules for the implementation of wireless network, inside this wireless network user has full remote controlled access of home appliances. A GSM based home automation system is also studied, according to this system user can control and monitor the home appliances by sending a text message from the mobile phone. Internet of things based home automation system can only work in the presence of internet. The rapid growth of IoT devices brings concerns and benefits. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We are thankful to The Head, Department of Computer Science and Information Technology for providing facilities and support for this research. We are also thankful to Dr. S. C. Mehrotra for his guidance and help. REFERENCE [1] Shih-Pang Tseng, Bo-Rong Li, Jun-Long Pan, and Chia-

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