Wave Energy Desalination SystemBy: Michael Casebier

Vincent FiamengoKenny Se

Ericson CapituloWilfred Salvador

Dr. Josh HamelGroup 11

Overview

• What is Desalination?– Multi-Stage Flash Distillation– Electro-Dialysis– Reverse Osmosis

Problem Statement (Client’s Need)

• What?– On an anchored boat with no electricity or fuel, there

is a lack of a way to produce safe drinking water. – Wave energy can be used to produce the power

needed for desalinization of water• Who?– The client is an owner of a 55ft wooden ketch and the

need is to have a desalination system for his boat.

Osmosis

• Diffusion of water or other solvents through a membrane.

• A low and high concentrated solvent are separated by a membrane.

• The low concentrated solvent passes through the membrane, weakening the strength of the concentrated solution.

Osmosis

Source: http://www.nanoh2o.com/technology/principles_of_ro

Reverse Osmosis

• Opposite of Osmosis– High Concentration → Low Concentration– Separation of Solute and Solvent

• Pressure must be applied, usually around 800 psi

• The size of the solutes prevents them from passing through the membrane.

Reverse Osmosis

Source: http://images.yourdictionary.com/reverse-osmosis

Applications of Reverse Osmosis• Water and Waste Water Purification– Rain Water

• Food Industry– Fruit Juice Concentrates– Milk Concentrate– Whey Protein– Reduction of Shipping Cost

• Aquariums– Chemicals may be harmful to fish– Mixtures of salt water concentration

Applications of Reverse Osmosis

• Drinking Water Purification– Removes unwanted chemicals and minerals– Usually used in combination with other

purification processes• Sediment Filter• Carbon Filter (organic and chlorine removal)• Reverse Osmosis• Optional Second Carbon Filter• UV Lamp (further sterilization of microbes)

Disadvantages of Reverse Osmosis

• Brine• Membrane Maintenance• Very Small Yield

Wave Energy

• Waves are created from wind and pressure differentials

• Surface Waves• Wave Energy used in– Desalination Plants– Power Plants

Advantages of Wave Energy

• Energy is “free” (no fuel required)• Not very expensive to operate and maintain• Can produce a good amount of energy

Disadvantages of Wave Energy

• Dependent on waves• Site specific

Extracting Energy from Waves

• Vertical Motion• Horizontal Motion• Energy output is dependent on wave height,

wave speed, wave length, and water density

Utilizing a Buoy

•Vertical motion of waves drives Buoy

Source: http://shipgaz.com/old/magazine/issues/2004/18/1804_artikel2.php

Details of the Selected Design

• Engineering Analysis and Design Decisions• Evaluation of Design with respect to

Objective/Requirements• Budget and Timeline Issues• Demonstration of Prototype

Objectives and Constraints

Objectives• Simple to use• Reasonable size• Low Cost

Constraints• Anchored into stationary

position• Environmentally friendly• Corrosion resistant

Functions and Requirements

• Highlights the Evaluation and Outcome of Evaluation Process

Functions Requirements

Pumping Force Use wave energy to generate pumping force

Pump Water Produce sufficient amount of water

Purify Water Produce drinkable water

Store Water Dispense clean water

PDS TableAttribute Type Metric/Requirement Units NotesUtilize Wave Energy to produce pumping force Requirement 200lb force Pounds Primary ObjectiveAnchored into stationary position Constraint 300lb Anchor + Chain Pounds Core functionalityPumps water Function 800 psi psi Core functionalityPurify Water Function pH value / ppm pH / ppm Primary ObjectiveStore Water Function Total Volume ft^3 Core functionality

Environmentally Friendly Constraint Range from sealed/non-toxic to unsealed/toxic "10-1" Req'd by law

Pumping Force Function 800 psi psi Produce Drinkable Water Requirement 1000-3000ppm ppm Corrosion resistant Constraint 1 year material lifespan years Req'd by clientSimple to use Objective N/A N/A Req'd by clientReasonable Size Objective Total Volume ft^3 Req'd by clientProduce sufficient amount of water Requirement 1 Gallon / 6 Hours Gal/hr Core functionalityDispense clean water Requirement 1000-3000ppm ppm Low Cost Objective Less than $1,000 Dollars Limited Budget

Evaluation of Design with respect to Objective/Requirements

• Black Box

Morph ChartConvert Energy Anchoring Pump Water Purify Water Store Water

1 Waves Anchor Piston Membrane Tank2 Vertical waves Cement block Rotational pump Vaporization Bucket3 Horizontal waves Rock Screw compressor Britta Filter Storage Chamber4 Current Flopper stopper Electric pump Cup5 Tidal Hydraulic pump Bottles6 Hand pump

Concept Evaluation

Criteria A/C Desal Concept 2 (OG) Concept 3 (Lever) Concept 4 (Buoy OG)Simple to use 1 2.5 4 2.5Reasonable Size 1 2.5 4 2.5Low Cost 4 1 3 2SCORE 6 6 11 7

Best In Class Pugh Chart

Basic Pugh Chart

Criteria Datum (A/C Desal) Concept 2 (OG) Concept 3 (Lever) Concept 4 (Buoy OG)Utilize Wave Energy to produce pumping force + + +Anchored into stationary position + + +Pumps water + - +Purify Water = = =Store Water = = =Environmentally Friendly + + +Corrosion resistant = = =Simple to use - - -Reasonable Size - + -Produce sufficient amount of water - - - Pluses 4 4 4 Minuses 3 3 3

Concept DrawingsConcept 2

Concept 3

Concept 4

Engineering Analysis• Modeling in MATLAB

Engineering Analysis and Design Decisions – Modeling in Excel

Force Diameter Flow K Issueslb in gal/hour lb/in 50 0.282 0.779 4.167 Too Small of a piston100 0.399 1.558 8.333 Piston size150 0.489 2.338 12.500 200 0.564 3.117 16.667 250 0.631 3.896 20.833 300 0.691 4.675 25.000 350 0.746 5.455 29.167 400 0.798 6.234 33.333 450 0.846 7.013 37.500 Bouy size500 0.892 7.792 41.667 Bouy size550 0.936 8.571 45.833 Bouy size600 0.977 9.351 50.000 Bouy size650 1.017 10.130 54.167 Needs counterweight700 1.056 10.909 58.333 Needs counterweight750 1.093 11.688 62.500 Needs counterweight800 1.128 12.468 66.667 Needs counterweight850 1.163 13.247 70.833 Needs counterweight900 1.197 14.026 75.000 Needs counterweight950 1.230 14.805 79.167 Needs counterweight1000 1.262 15.584 83.333 Needs counterweight

Engineering Analysis and Design Decisions – Modeling in Excel

Depth (ft) Length (ft) Force (lb)35 105 423.67540 120 484.245 135 544.72550 150 605.2555 165 665.77560 180 726.365 195 786.82570 210 847.3575 225 907.87580 240 968.485 255 1028.92590 270 1089.4595 285 1149.975

100 300 1210.5105 315 1271.025110 330 1331.55

Demonstration of Prototype

Budget and Timeline Issues

• Budget Range: $1,010 - $1,885• Majority of time spent in Engineering design

and analysis work• Will not take a large amount of time to build

the prototype

Conclusions/Lessons Learned

• Piston and cylinder size are very small.• Counter weights are not needed

Questions?