SUBMITTED TO: CERF project, Oxfam in Nepal, Kathmandu.

[22-28 February 2012]

FINAL REPORT ON WATER

QUALITY TESTING

SUBMITTED BY: Chitra Dahal

TABLE OF CONTAINS

1. Background…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1

2. Objectives and scope of study……………………………………………………………………………….1

3. Nepal Standards Parameter on Safe Drinking water………………………………………………1

4. Methodology ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2

5. Survey Conducted VDCs and Ward…………………………………………………………………………2

6. Survey results…………………………………………………………………………………………………………3

7. Conclusions and recommendations ……………………………………………………………………….3

8. Conclusions and recommendations ……………………………………………………………………….4

ANNEXES

ANNEXES A: Comparison sheet

ANNEXES B: Photo glimpse

1. Background

With the financial assistance of UNICEF, Oxfam GB has been implementing CERF

project in partnership with local based organization (NGOs) Bagmati Sewa Samaj and

Nepal Red Cross Society in Sarlahi and Rautahat district respectively, there were

altogether 11 VDC in Sarlahi and 12 VDCs in Rautahat district

The main objective of CERF project is to provide safe drinking water, promote sanitation

activities through mobilization of FCHVs in each ward of concerned VDCs, distribution of

hygiene accessories in most vulnerable period, construction of institutional latrine, hand

pump and renovation of existing hand pump in most disaster prone VDCs of Sarlahi and

Rautahat districts.

2. Objective and Scope of the study

The main objective of this study is to find out the condition of drinking water and also to

know the access of sanitation situation in Sarlahi and Rautahat district. Other main

Objective of this study is to also find out whether the quality of drinking water is as per

National parameter or not.

The scope of the works covers following activities

Survey and identification of hand pump for sanitation inspection and water quality

testing as provided by Oxfam standard format

collection information on constructed hand pump and renovate hand pump

conducted sanitary survey form for assessment of risk of drinking water

Collection of water sample from identified hand pump for water quality test through

Del-Auga Kit.

Analysis of the water sample for:

a. E-Coli

b. pH

c. Turbidity

d. Residual chlorine

e. Total chlorine

3. Nepal Standards Parameter on Safe Drinking water

In Nepal, National drinking water quality standard 2062 has set the minimum standard of

safe drinking water whose standard parameter as follows :-

Sr Quality Units Nepal standard Equipment used

1 E-Coli CFU/100ml 0 Del-Auga kit 2 pH

pH metre 5.5 to 8.5 Pool Comparator

3 Turbidity NTU <5-10 Turbidity Tube

4 Residual Chlorine cl2mg/l 0.1-0.2 Pool Comparator 5 Total chlorine cl2mg/l 0.1-0.2 Pool Comparator 6 Colour TCU <5 -15 Sources:- National Drinking water quality standard Nepal 2062

4. Methodology

A 5 days long water quality test was carried out from 23rd Feb. to 27th Feb. 2012 in 12

VDCs of Rautahat district and 11 VDCs of Sarlahi district. The water quality testing was

conducted through transformation approaches which increase partner staff capacity in

water quality test.

The test was carried out through Del-Agua kit in the field. all water sample were collected

from concern hand pump.

The following chemical and procedure were adopted for water quality testing

Prepared culture Media through used of 38.1 gm MLSB and half litre distilled

water and sterilized for 15 min

For pH testing, we used phenol red tablets (palintest company name) and pool

comparator

For free chlorine, we used DPD no1 (palintest company name) tablet and used

DPD no 3 (palintest company name) for total chlorine

Used membrane filter paper (AXIVA company name) for filtration of collected

sample water

Used observant pad (PALL company name) and put into pritry dish and sterilized

for 10 min.

All sample were taken in 100 ml and put all those sample into incubator for 18 hour

5. Survey Conducted District, VDCs and Ward

Rautahat Dstrict S.N

VDC Name Ward no Total Sample taken

Number of HP* New+ Rehab

1 Santapur 6 and 8 5 2 New(3 rehab)

2 Rajpur faradawa 6 and 8 5 3 new (2 rehab) 3 Rajpur tulsi 5 2 1 new (1 rehab)

4 Katahariya 1 and 4 4 2 new (2 rehab) 5 Tejapakad 9 1 1 new

Total collected sample 17 Sarlahi District

1 Pidari 1,2,6 and 7 3 3 new 2 Sripur 7,8 and 9 3 3 new

3 Belhi 1 and 2 2 2 new 4 Maanpur 3 and 6 2 2 new

5 Su.chu. 3 and 8 3 2 new(1 rehab) 6 Kabilashi 3 and 7 2 2 new

7 Hajariya 1,2,3 and 8 4 3 new (1 rehab) 8 Padahariya 2 1 1 new

Total collected sample 20

Note: - HP* = Hand Pump

6. Survey results

District: - Rautahat

Total Coverage VDCs:- 12

Partner Organization: - Nepal Red Cross Society, District Chapter, Gaur, Rautahat.

Total sample collected :- 17

Sample tested:- e-coliform , pH, turbidly.

Sample of water: - Ground Water (Hand pump)

S. N. VDC/ward Community

Rehab/New

Turbidity (NTU) pH

E-coli Count (CFU/100ml)

Remarks Pre Post

Rautahat Pre Post Pre Post 1 Rajpurfardawa-1 Shree Janata Ma. Vi New <5 <5 6.8 6.8 17 1

2 Rajpurfardawa-1 Shree Janata Ma. Vi Rehab <5 <5 6.8

Hand pump was not in existence

3 Rajpurfardawa-6 Shree Pra. Vi. Rehab <5 <5 6.8 6.8 19 Nil

4 Rajpurfardawa-6 Shree Pra. Vi. New <5 <5 6.8 6.8 21 7

5 Rajpurfardawa-8 Shree Kisan Ma. Vi. New <5 <5 7 7 15 Nil

6 Tejapakad -9 Shree Bhagwan Pra. Vi. New <5 <5 6.8 2

7 Rajpur Tulsi-5 Shree Pra. Vi. New <5 <5 7 2

8 Rajpur Tulsi-5 Shree Pra. Vi. Rehab <5 <5 6.8 6.8 19 Hand pump was not in existence

9 Santapur-6 Shree Janata Ma. Vi New <5 <5 7 4

10 Santapur-8 Mardhar-Nayabasti Rehab <5 <5 7 7 18 Nil

11 Santapur-8 Mardhar-Nayabasti Rehab <5 <5 6.8 6.8 13 Nil

12 Santapur-8 Mardhar-Nayabasti Rehab <5 <5 6.8 6.8 12 1

13 Santapur-8 Mardhar-Nayabasti New <5 <5 7.2 Nil

14 Santapur-8 Mardhar-Nayabasti New <5 <5 7 7 Nil

15 Katahariya-4 Shree Janajyoti Pra. Vi New <5 <5 6.8 Nil

16 Katahariya-1 Shree Samudayek Pra. Vi Rehab <5 <5 6.8 6.8 17 Nil

17 Katahariya-1 Shree Samudayek Pra. Vi New

<5 6.8 11

Handpump was not frequently used

18 Katahariya-1 Harsha Rehab <5 <5 6.8 6.8 16 1 Grade Analysis

Grade No. Coliform count Risk

A 0 (Nil) No risk, WHO guideline value, no action required

B 01 – 10 Low risk, need action & follow-up

C 11 - <50 Intermediate risk, highly polluted, immediate action needed

D >50 High risk, gross/highly polluted & not acceptable, suspend the source

STW= Shallow Tube-well

DTW= Deep Tube-well

OWD= Open Dug-well

RWH= Rain water harvesting

TS= Tap stand (piped water supply)

HHW= Household water (pitcher/other)

PSF= Pond Sand Filter

Recommendation and conclusion Considering the above table, The Percentages of hydrogen (PH ) in all samples was in

between 6.5 to 8.5 which is as per National Drinking water quality standard Nepal 2062.

Similarly turbidity was also as per Nepal standard parameter, but regarding to faecal coli form

(e-coli) out of 17 sample 8 were fall in grade “A” and rest were fall in grade “B” which is low

risk but need to follow up or treat water before drinking and one sample from kabilashi -1 fall in

in "C" grade, it is highly recommended to use drinking water by chlorination or boiling.

District: - Sarlahi

Total Coverage VDCs:- 11

Partner Organization: - Bagmati Sewa Samaj, Sarlahi

Total sample collected: - 20

Sample tested:- e-coliform , pH, turbidly.

Sample of water: - Ground Water (Hand pump)

S. N. VDC/ward Community

Reh

ab/N

ew Turbidity

(NTU) pH

E-coli Count (CFU/100ml)

Remarks Pre Post

Sarlahi Pre Post Pre Post 1 Hajariya-2 Shree Janata Pra. Vi. New <5 <5 6.8 6.8 10 2

2 Hajariya-3 Nimna Ma.Vi. New <5 7 Nil

3 Hajariya-1 Dhukdha sahakari ltd. Rehab <5 <5 7 7 16 Nil

4 Hajariya-8 Purano Hajariya Bazar New <5 <5 6.8 6.8 5 1

5 Su. Chu.-3 Shree Prathamik Ma. VI. New <5 <5 6.8 6.8 >50 1

6 Su. Chu.-3 Pipri Bazar Rehab <5 <5 6.8 6.8 6 Nil

7 Su. Chu.-8 Adharsa Pra Vi. New <5 7.2 Nil

8 Maanpur-3 Tribhuwon Ma. VI. New <5

7.6

8

Hand pump was not in existence

9 Maanpur-6 Bhagwotisthan New <10 <5 6.8 6.8 17 Nil

10 Sripur-3 Sripur tole New <5 6.8 6.8 >50 1

11 Sripur-3 Bramasthan New <10 <5 6.8 6.8 13 2

12 Sripur-3 Health post New <300 <5 6.8 6.8 28 2

13 Pidari-2 Shree Ram lakhan School New <20 <5 6.8 6.8 >100 2

14 Pidari-7 Madrasha New <5 6.8 6

15 Pidari-7 Pidari Bazar New <50 <5 6.8 6.8 18 9

16 Kabilashi-7 Shree Prathamik Ma. VI. New <20 <5 6.8 6.8 >50 3

17 Kabilashi-3 Shree Janata Ma. Vi. New <10 6.8 >50

Newly constructed hand pump and community people used animal dunk as lubricant for boring of pipe

18 Padahariya-2 VDC building New <5 6.8 20

Platform and no proper drainage system was properly maintained

19 Bheli-2 Ramjanaki Mandir New <13 <5 6.8 6.8 13 2

20 Bheli-1 Beli New <300 <5 6.8 6.8 >50 6

Grade Analysis Grade No. Coliform count Risk

A 0 (Nil) No risk, WHO guideline value, no action required

B 01 – 10 Low risk, need action & follow-up

C 11 - <50 Intermediate risk, highly polluted, immediate action needed

D >50 High risk, gross/highly polluted & not acceptable, suspend the source

Recommendation and conclusion

In Sarlahi district, out of 20 sample 5 sample fall in “A” grade and 12 samples fall in “B”

grade,1 sample fall in “C” grade and Kabilashi-1 fall in “D”. So, it is highly recommended to

take necessary action against sample fall in “B” and “C” grade and suspend the source which

fall in “D” grade.

STW= Shallow Tube-well

DTW= Deep Tube-well

OWD= Open Dug-well

RWH= Rain water harvesting

TS= Tap stand (piped water supply)

HHW= Household water (pitcher/other)

PSF= Pond Sand Filter

pH meter read by community people Women counting e-coli form bacteria

Reading of turbidity by community people

e-coli form count by community people

e-coliform in filter paper

Capacity enhancement of Local partner staff