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WATER & SOILTECHNICAL PUBLICATION NO 1

LIQUID AND WATERBORNE WASTES

IN NEW ZEALAND 1976

RESEARCH

Published by the Water & Soil Division, MWD

for the National Water & Soil Gonservation Organisation

Water & soil technical publication no. 1 (1976)

:

ï LteutD AND wATERBoRNE wAsTEs RESEARGH

IN NEW ZEALAND 1976

Compiled by Sally F Davis

Water & Soil Division, MWD, Christchurch


CONTENTSCLASSIFICATION BY SUBJECT

I WASTEWATER TREATMENÏ1 Wastewater col lection . .2 Urban runoff and combined sewer overflow3 Physical and chemical methods4 Biological filters5 Activated sludge6 Lagoons and oxidation Ponds7 Anaerobic processesI Sludge treatment, utilisation and disposal ....9 Disinfection ..10 Water reclamation and reuse11 Land disposal of wastewaterl2lnstrumentation and automation of wastewater treatment systems13 Detergents . .. .

14 General

II INDUSTRIAL WASTES1 Meat, fish and poultry processing wastes2 Hide and skin processing wastes3 Dairy factory wastes4 Livestock wastes5 Paper and allied products6 Fruit, vegetable and grain processing wastes7 Textile wastes8 Fermentation industry - pharmaceuticals, corn, sugar9 Coal and coal mine drainage ' .. ' . '. .

10 Steel industry wastes11 Petroleum processing wastes12 Plating and cYanide wastes13 Sol id wastes and water qualitY14 Radioactive wastes15 Chemical and allied Products16 General

CLASSIFICATION BY ORGANISATION

I NATIONAL WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION ORGANISATION(a) Water and Soil Division(b) Regional Water Boards

II GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS

I I I RESEARCH ORGANISATIONS

IV UNIVERSITIES .

V TERRITORIAL LOCAL BODIES AND DRAINAGE BOARDS

VI PRIVATE ORGANISATIONS .

ADDRESSES OF CONTRIBUTORS

1

1

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22233334455

5566777

7

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9I9

I10

11

12

13

15


I WASTEWATER TREATMENT

1. WASTEWATER COLLECTION

Auckland Regional AuthorityE G Hutchinson

Auckland Regional AuthorityN Harper

DSIR (Chemi stry Division)A Kennett

Hutt Valley Drainage BoardChief Engineer

Chri stchurch Dra i nage BoardJ B Richardson

2 URBAN RUNOFF AND COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW

DSIR (Freshwater Section, EcologyDivision)

E White


3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL METHODS

Ministry of Works & Development(Trentham)

MHLuoDSIR (Chemi stry Division)

H P Rothbaum

DSIR (Plant Diseases Division)Director

NZ Forest Service (Forest ProductsDivision)

J A Lloyd

NZ Leather & Shoe ResearchAssociation

I G Mason

University of Waikato (Chemistry)


Rotorua City CouncilCity Engineer

City of Palmerston NorthJ A Anderson

Wel I ington City CorporationP Marks

Chr¡stchurch Drai nage BoardJ B Richardson

Alliance Freezing Co.J Milbum

East Coast Farmers' Ferti liserCo.

F P Crotty

CLASSIFICATION BY SUBJECT

*Control of sulphide in sewers,+Effect of refuse grinders on the strength of domestic wastes.*Deterioration of rubberand plastic rings used in pipe joints when buried

in different soil tyPes.

Flnfiltration study including a comparison of flow from a number ofdifferent types of reticulation subcatchment.

*Fungal attack of rubber ringi used in pipe joints.

*Nutrient concentration in groundwater of urban developments, Taupo.*Nutrient runoff from a defined subcatchment in Taupo Borough.

*stormwater quality studies - SS, BOD, DO, pH, bacto.

*Jar tests to establish the role Mg plays in lime precipitation of phos-phorus (completed).

*Development of processes for removal of silica and arsenic from geo'thermal waters.

*Ultrafi ltration and reverse osmosis techniques to facilitate concentrat-ion of wastes.

+Analytical techniques for mechanical pulp discharges.

*Physical-chemical treatment of sulphides.*lnvestigation of a manganese catalysed aeration process (proposal).

*Use of allophane as a means of removing pollutants from waste.*Chemical coagulation of sewage.*Water quality changes during tip leachate treatment.*lnvestigation of mixed media filtration of tertiary wastewater treatment

p lant'eff luent.*Performance monitoring of a primary wastewater treatment plant, partic-ularly with regard to sedimentation tank efficiency.

*Monitoring of treatment plant for tip leachate at Horokiwi landfill (gritremoval, alum dosing,aeration,settl ing and intermittent sand filtration).

*A model study of the secondary sedimentation tanks of the Bromley sew-age treatment plant (completed).

*Coagulation and flocculation of loess suspensions.*Application and performance of several proprietary screening devices(including Bauer Hydrasieve and Anziel Aquasieve) on various meat-works waste streams with particular reference to solids and BOD re'moval.*lnvestigation of dissolved air flotation as a means of treating meat-works waste.

*Pilot-scale investigation into oxidation of sulphide in fellmongerywaste streams.

*Removal of suspended solids from fertilise¡'works effluent, Awatoto.*Neutralisation of. acidic fertiliser effluents.*Preliminary investigation into the recovery of fluorides.*Occurrence or otherwise of cadmium in fertiliser works effluents(proposa l).


NZ Aluminium Smelters LtdF I Coates

Morrison, Cooper & PartnersE A Retter

Morrison, Cooper & PartnersD N Undrill

Morrison, Cooper & PartneisW S Wakelin

4 BIOLOGICAL FILTERS


I G Mason

University of Canterbury (CivilEngi neeri ng)

F Wilson


Wel lington City CorporationP Marks

Christchurch Drai nage BoardJ B Richardson

Alliance Freezing Co.J Milburn

5 ACTIVATED SLUDGE


D R Cameron

Massey University (Biotechnol ogy)H Melcer


Christchurch Drainage BoardJ B Richardson

6 LAGOONS AND OXIDATION PONDS

Ministry of Works & Development(Wellington)

B R Brown

Victoria University (Botany¡H G Harris

Victoria University (Zoology)R S Slack

University of Otago (Microbiology)M W Loutit


*Clarigester BOD and suspended solids removal efficiency from an¡ndustrial-domestic effl uent treatment plant.

*Design, installation and commissioning of prototype wool scour effl uenttreatment plant utilising a new process developed by DSIR/WRONZ, andsubsequent evaluation of the process.

*Characterisation of metal quarry effluents and selection of flocculationtechniques for clarification of water for discharge and reuse. Design,installation and commissioning of eff luent treatment plant at Lower Hutt.

*Characterisation of meat processing effluents and assessment ofphysical-chemical treatment techniques in mobile field laboratory;pilot plant performance trials and cost estimates.

*Evaluation of a laboratory scale biodisc unit for treatment of tannerywastes (proposal).

*Use of package plants for sewage treat'ment.

*Comparative evaluation of performance characteristics of differentplastic media for high rate biological filtration treatment of sewage.

*Mathematical modelling of filter performance.*Treatability factors of trade wastes, using biological filters.*Use of biological rock and plastic media filters for deodorising sewagegases.

*Evaluation of the potential of biodiscs for treatment of domestic sew-age. Pilot plant is later to be shifted to evaluate its potential to treatseptic tank effluent.

*Pilot tower studies on Flocor plastic media at Bromley sewage treatmentplant (completed).

*Treatment of different types of meatworks effluent by a Flocor packedbiological filter and the effects of temperature, recirculation rates,different media and combíned use of dissolved air flotation and bio-logical f iltration on performance (proposal).

*Nitrif ication-dentrifi cation studies on a modif ied extended aerationpl a nt.

*lnvestigation of problems associated with the bulking of activatedsludge in treatment of industrial effluents with high carbohydratecontents.

+Design and building of a pilot-scale extended aeration unit to supplypossible design parameters for planned secondary treatment.

*Bench-scale studies of settled sewage.*Study of oxygen-activated sludge (proposal ).

*PeÉormance of an aerated lagoon receiving domestic sewage.

*Some aspects of the biology of the Carterton Borough Council sewageoxidation pond sediments (completed); (con.tact: H W Johnston).

*Growing f ish in lagoons and oxidatíon ponos.

+lnvestigation of the role of photosynthetic bacteria in oxidation ponds.*The difference between E.,coli and faecal col iform counts in oxidationponds and an investigation of which organisms are contributing to thefaecal coliform count.

*Studies of oxidation pond performance and effluent quality.*The biology of oxidation ponds.*The classification of coliform bacteria populations at various stages of

sewage treatment, by biochemical and serological methods.*Multivariate stat¡stícal analysis of factors affecting algal growth inoxidation ponds (by University of Auckland); (completed).


Chri stchurch Drai nage BoardJ B Richardson

Al li ance Freezing CompanyJ Milburn

7 ANAEROBIC PROCESSES

DSIR (Applied Biochemistry Division)R V Asmundsen

R T J Clarke


I G Mason

Massey University (Biotechnology)P McFarlane

Auckland Regional AuthorityP Welsby



Christchurch Drainage BoardJ B Richardson

*Succession of algae and the role(s) of Daphnía and Moina in oxidationponds (proposal).

*Design of oxidation ponds,ponds and retention time.

with emphasis on flow patterns through

+Effects of a cage aerator on biomass, sulphidein a Southland oxidation pond (proposal).

and ammonia-nitrogen

*lsolation and study of micro-organisms responsible for anaerobi c degrad-ation of dairy wastes and for production of methane, to improve the gen-eral methane fermentation of organic matter.

*Effects of varying the basic parameters of fermentation of dairy wasteson reduction of BOD and production of methane.

*Extension of research into use of purple sulphur bacteria for sulphideremoval (proposal).

*Treatment of fellmongery effluent in anaerobic ponds using photosynthet-ic purple sulphur bacteria.

*Effects of circulation and management changes on anaerobic digesterperformance.

*Performance monitoring and physical and chemical control of a com-pletely mixed anaerobic sludge digester.

*Effect of an 18 km anaerobic pressure main on the treatability of HuttValley sewage.

*Assessment of the effects of detention time and temperature on digest-ion of sewage sl udge.

8 SLUDGE TREATMENT, UTILISATION AND DISPOSAL

DSIR (Chemi stry Divi sion)M H Timperley


I G Mason

Wool Research Organisation of NewZealand

E R Jamison





Morrison, Cooper & PartnersW S Waketín

9 DISINFECTION


10 WATER RECLAMATION ANDiREUSE



*survey of toxic element and heavy metal levels in New Zealand sewagesl udges.

*Chromium (3) level s at tannery sludge disposal sites and in associatedvegetation. Glasshouse trials to determine the effect of chromium (3)-contain¡ng sludges on plant life is being undertaken by Plant PhysiologyDivision, DSIR.

*Sludge dewatering.

*Comparative evaluation of sludge density meters.*Sewage sludge thickening and drying. Cost/benefit analysis of variouspfocesses.

*Bioassay of toxic material in sewage sludge.*Estimation of helminths and other parasitic organisms in treated sewage

sludge.*Treatment of alum sludge from potable water treatment plants.*Application of digested sewage sludge to farmland and assessment ofits value as fertiliser and soil conditione¡'.

*Development of analytical methods for the determination of heavymetals in both raw and digested sewage sludge.

*Treatment of removed solids from wool scour effluent to recover woolgreãse and separate dirt for disposal.

*Sludge thickening and dewater!ng for disposal from chemical flocculat-ion treatment of metal quarry effl uent, Lower Hutt.

*Sl udge dewatering, drying and feed trials as animal feed supplement forsludge recovered from pilot plant meatworks effluent treatment process,Wa iroa.

*Assessment of the relative efficacies of chlori ne and ozone for disin-fecting sewage.

*Prevention of nozzle blockage in sedimentation tank scum removalspray systems,

*Water clarification from metal quarry effl uent and total recycle for usein quarry washing duties, Lower Hutt.


Morrison, Cooper & PartnersW S Wakelin

11 LAND DISFOSAL OF WASTEWATER

Water & Soil Division (Christchurch)G N Martin


D R Cameron andWai rarapa Catchment Board

D B Wilmshurst

Rangiti kei-Wanganu i' Catchment BoardC R Fowles

Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries(National Dai ry Laboratory)

DSIR (Chemi stry D¡vis¡on)C D Stevenson


E White

DSIR (Soil Bureau)J D Stout

DSIR (Soil Bureau)C W Chitds

Cawthron lnstituteA Cooke


R G Stewart

Massey University (Soil Science)A N Macgregor et al

Massey University (Soil Science)J K Syers

Victoria University (Botany)D R McQueen

Li ncoln Col lege (Microbiology)M J Noonan

Auckland Farmers' Freezing Co-opChief Engineer

Canterbury Frozen Meat Co.G M Keeley

*Evaluation of polishing treatment process for meatworks effluent afterphysico-chemical treatment, for water reuse, Wairoa.

*Effects of wastewater disposal by land inigation on groundwater qualityin the Burnham-Templeton area (completed).

*Evaluation of overland disposal system using oxidation pond effluentfrom the Carterton Borough Council sewage treatment plant

*Monitoring of the Marton oxidation ponds, part¡cularly in relation to thetertiary grass plot treatment of effluent.

*Monitoring of groundwaters where high nitrate level s are suçected tobe due to nearby effluent ponds, especially associated wiür piggeries.

*Assessment of the efficacy of land disposal of treated sewage effluentsat (a) Carterton, in collaboration with Public Health Engineering, MWDand Wairarapa Regional Water Board (completed), and (b)Taupo, in collaboration with MAF.

*The fate of septic tank effluents on the shores of Lake Taupo.

*Effect of land disposal of milking shed effluent on pasture (in collabor-ation with Massey University).

*Effectiveness of ten North lsland soils for tertiary treatment of irrigatedmuni cipal wastewater (compl eted).

*Soil column studies with refiner-ground wood pulp effluent in relation togroundwaters (Contract: H Baigent and Son Limited).*Soil column studies with vegetable crop processing effluent in relationto groundwaters (Contract: Petersville lnternational ).

*Land disposal of scouring wastes, Winchester, South Canterbury.

*Evaluation of land disposal (spray irrigation) of untreated dairy shedeffluent in terms of pasture production and composition, effects onanimal health, changes in amounts and forms of soil N and P, dischargesfrom the area of N, P and coliform bacteria in dminage water.

*Land disposal of domestic sewage effluent (in collaboration with W¡nch-more lrri gation Research Station).

*Effects oftreated sewage effluent on growth of Pinus radiata (completed).

*Pasture contamination by micro-organisms from meat wastes (lslington)and milking shed wastes (Lincoln).

*Land application of domestic effluent (Burnham and Templeton) andmeat-:works waste (lslington).

+Determination of maximum loading of soils by potato processing wastesto avoid groundwater pollution and odour problems, Prebbleton.

*Experimental irrigation of oxidation pond water (after tertiary treatment)onto pasture and tree plantations, with special attention to healthaspects, nitrite and nitrate accumulation in plants and soils and soilpermeability.

*Land irrigation of meatworks waste, Fairfield.

*Continuous monitoring systems for wastes.

*Sewage sampling and computer processing of alarm functions and treat-ment plant data.

t

12 INSTRUMENTATION AND AUTOMATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS

Wool Research Organisation of New *The WRONZ turbidometer (completed).Zealand

J Bedford


Chr¡stchurch Drai nage BoardJ B Richardson

4Water & soil technical publication no. 1 (1976)

13 DETERGENTS


14 GENERAL



City of GisborneH C Williams


II INDUSTRIAL WASTES

1 MEAT, FISH AND POULTRY PROCESSING WASTES

Southland Catchment BoardP N Young

Meat lndustry Research lnstituteR N Cooper

Meat lndustry Research lnstituteC F Denmead

Meat lndustry Research lnstituteT Fernando

Meat lndustry Research lnstituteJ F Heddle

Meat lndustry Research lnstituteI J Kindred

University of Canterbury (ChemicalEngi neeri ng)

E E Graham

Chr¡stchurch Drainage BoardJ B Richardson


T Borthwick & Sons LtdlG L Butcher

2 HIDE AND SKIN PROCESSING WASTES

DSIR (Chemistry Division)D H Buisson

DSIR (Chemistry Divi sion)G N S Mclachlan


I G Mason

*Detergent levels in sewage.

*Absorption of phosphate from the Hami lton sewage treatment station inthe soil floor of the Waikato River.

*Major constituents, including P, N, CNof domestic, industrial and sew-age treatment Plant discharges.

*Analysis of bacteriological reports on sea samples taken from PovertyBay inthelocality of the Gisborne submarine sewage outfall (completed).

*Oualitative investigation of Hutt Valley sewage based on data obtainedfrom a pilot primary treatment plant and other related studies.

*Effect of discharge of partially treated meatworks waste on the MatauraRiver.

*Definition of waste loads of individual processing operations within a

meatworks to suggest means of product recovery at source.*Chemical treatment process on a pilot plant scale for treatment of meatwastes. Dewatered conditioned sludge may be dried as animal feedstuff.

*Evaluation of electroflotation compared with dissolved air flotation ofchemically treated meat wastes.

*Use of a pilot-scale biological filter, packed with 'Flocor', for purif icat-ion of meat wastes (completed).

*Use of an anaerobic f ilter for treating meat wastes.*lnvestigation into nitrification of anaerobic effluent to determine whether

ammonia levels may be substantially reduced.*Conposting of solid material (mainly paunch contents) removed from.

meat wastes during primary treatment (completed).

+Recovery of blood from blood-containing wastes and protein from paunchliquid by ultrafiltration on a pilot plant scale.

+lnvestigations into various modes of aerobic biological treatment ofmeat wastes.

*Rate of oxygen uptake by meat wastes and determination of the stage atwhich nitrification occurs, if at all.

*Development of improved, more rapid analyt¡cal methods for determinat-ion of fat, grease, proteins and other nitrogenous compounds in meatwastes.

*Analytical methods to characteri se meat wastes.*Treatment of meatworks effluent to recover protein.

*Treatment of meat waste using plastic medium trickling filters andactivated sludge.

+Digestibílity of meat waste sludge.*Assessment of performance of dissolved air flotation teatment ondifferent meatworks waste streams and of effects of chemical treatmenton performance.

*Means of reducing levels of ammonia-nitrogen and sulphide in meat-works waste under the prevailing climatic conditions in Southland.

*Conti nual testing of freezing works effluent quality (Waitara, Feilding,Waingawa), with short-term investigations of treatment efficiency.

*Treatment of tannery wastes.

*Treatment of woolscour effluent.

*Survey of skin processing in New Zealand. Part l. Chemical usage,methods, plant. Part ll. Waste disposal (completed).

*Fellmongery effluent survey (completed).+Tannery eff I uent survey.



Meat lndustry Research lnstituteI J Kindred


G V Barker


R G Jamieson


R G Stewart

University of Canterbury (ChemicalEng i neeri ng )

N J Peet

University of Canterbury (Joint Centrefor Environmental Sciences)

L A Halliday


Auckland Farmers' Freezing Co-op.Chief Engineer



3 DAIRY FACTORY WASTES

Soutbland Catchment BoardP N Young


EGFox

4 LIVESTOCK WASTES

Taranaki Catchment CommissionSecreta ry

Wairarapa Catchment BoardD B Wilmshurst

South land Catchment BoardP N Young

Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries( lnvermay Agricultural Research Centre)

D J Stewart

Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries(National Dai ry Laboratory)

NZ Agricultural Engi neering lnstituteA B Drysdale

NZ Agricultural Engineer¡ng lnstituteD J Hills

6

*Sedimentation of lime and removal of sulphide from fel lmongery wastes.

*Development of improved, more rapid analytical methods fordeterminat-ion of sulphides, thiosulphates, sulphites, sulphates and elementalsulphur in fellmongery wastes.

*Removal of sulphide from settled fellmongery wastes.*Alcohol destabilisation of wool scouring wastes, Sawyers Bay, Dunedin.

*By-product recovery from wool scouring liquors.

*The WRONZ comprehensive scouring system - prototype at Timaru(compl-eted).

*Treatment of fel lmongery wastes with particular refêrence to reductionof depilatory sulphides in discharged effluents.

*Pollution control and by-product recovery in the New Zealand wool-scouring industry (compl eted).

*Removal of chrcme from tannery wastes.

*Treatment methods for strong chemical wastes from fellmongery, hidecuring and casings departments.

*Chemical treatment of fellmongery wastes, Belfast.

*Evaluation of biological filters on fel lmongery effluents based on pilotplant operations, Christchurch.*Design, installation and commissioning of prototype physico-chemicalwool scour effluent treatment plant, incorporating a by-product recoveryplant,lSawyers Bay, Dunedi n.

*Effect of discharge of partially treated dairy wastes on the MatauraRi ver.

*Evaluation of high rate stone media fi lter.

*Survey of farm dairy oxidation ponds of varyi rrg forms to assess effect-iveness of designs.

*Monitoring of the effectiveness of several anaerobic/aerobic dairyeff I uent treatment systems (proposal ).

*Measurement of nutrient, faecal bacteria and sediment runoff from farm-lands at both flood and low water levels - Aparima, Oreti , Makarewaand Waihopai Rivers - and their effects on silting up and possibleover-fertilisation of the New River Estuary (lnvercargill).

*Volumes of methane gas obtainable from crop wastes, manure and dairywastes by anaerobic fermentation.

*lnvestigation of possibilities of improving gas yields with add¡tives orrecycling of CO2 produced with methane.

*Composition of sludge remaining after anaerobic treatment and tests ofits value as a fertiliser, including comparison of spray irrigation ofsludge and spray inigation of raw manure on growth of various cropsand pasture.

*Monitoring of dairy shed effluent oxidation ponds, Waikato - pH, DO,BOD.

*Solids separation of dairy shed effluent by mechanical vibrating barscreens.

*Surface aeration of livestock wastes - pilot plant invest¡ gations.*Pumping and sprinkler testing research for spray irrigation of livestockwastes.

t


o

Massey UniversitY (AgriculturalEngineering)

R M Clarke

Massey Uni versi tY (Agri cu lturalEngineering)

D J Warburton \Li ncoln Col lege (Microbiology)

M J Noonan

5 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

Southland Catchment BoardP N Young

DSIR (Chemi stry Division)D H Buisson

DSIR (Chemistry Division)R B Fieldes

NZ Forest Seruice (Forest ProductsDivision)J A LloYd

NZ Forest Service (Forest ProductsDivision)

J M Uprichard


NZ Forest ProductslLtdD R McKenzie

6 FRUIT, VEGETABLE AND GRAIN

DSIR (Chemistry Division)D H Buisson

DSIR (Plant Diseases Division)D i rector


7 TEXTILE WASTES

DSIR (Chemistry Divi sion)D H Buisson


R G Stewart


12 PLATING AND CYANIDE WASTES

DSIR (Auckland lndustrial DevelopmentDivision)

H C Green

DSIR (Chemi stry Division)P T Wilson


*lnvestigations into proper construction techniques for liVestock pondtreatment systems.

*Monitoring of effluents from dairy shed anaerbbic and aerobic ponds.

*Monitoring of performance and rrtorking environment of a variety of pumps

for dairy waste spray disposal, including component redes¡gn andtesti ng.

*Evaluation of dairy shed effluent treatment by short'term (5-10 days)unmixed anaerobic treatment, followed by 1-3 days aeration over abiological filter.

*survival of indicator organisms in milking shed wastes undergoingaerobic treatment.

TEffect of discharge of partially treated paper mill wastes on the Mataura

,River. I

*Treatment of pulp and paper wastes.

+Treatment of rueping plant wastes.

+The composition of refiner pulp mill discharges and their effects onwater qual ity (comPleted).

*Effects of water recycling on dissolved solids content of refiner pulpmi I I effluent

+Pulping and bleaching effluents.

*Chemical investigations of ground wood pulp effluent (Contract:

Winstone lLimited).*Mathematical model to predict water quality parameters at the mill'säiãiriti"¿ outfall from known effluent losses from the mill. KinleithTechnical Department.

PROCESSING WASTES

+Treatment of starch wastes.

+prel iminary investigations of waste from apple and citrus processingplants with the possibility of recoverin-g pec-tins and sugars.

*hemoval of large particulate material from fruit and vegetable process'ing wastes.

*Chemical examination of vegetable crop processing effluent (Contract:Petersvi I le I nternat¡ona I ).

+Treatment of latex wastes from carpet manufacturers.

+Biological treatment of suint solutions (proposal).

*Coal mine effluent characterisation, flocculation process evaluation,design, installation and commissioning of prototype plant, Lower Hutt.

*Report on the effluent from an electroplating shop and methods oftreatment ( compl eted).

*Assessment of treatment processes for electroplating industry wastes.

*Destruction of cyanide, both liquid and solid forms, the tatter from

case-harden i ng processes.+Disposal of hazãrdous wastes - solvents, heavy metal sludges'

9 COAL AND COAL MINE DRAINAGE

DSIR (Chemistry D¡vision) *Treatment of coal carbonisation wastes.T Marshall


NZ Aluminium Smelters Ltd *Treatment methods for effl uent containing cyanide.F I Coates

13 SOLID WASTES AND WATER OUALITY

Department of Health *Committee on Pollution of the Environment - Solid waste disposal in(Division of Public Health) New Zealand. Cyclostyled Report Series No.6, 25pp. (completed 1973).

NZForestService(ForestPrÒducts *Effect of drainage from wood waste dumps on stream water qualityDivision) (completed). r

J M Uprichard

14 RADIOACTIVE WASTES

Department of Health (National *Supervi sion of use and disposal of radioactive materials, under the gRadiation Laboratory) Radiation Protection Act 1965 and Radiation Protection Regulations 1973.

Director

15 CHEMICAL AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

Victoria University (Botany) *Presence of exogenous metallic ions and other chemical substances inD R McOuee"

;""rj"åå1#'ilT.of .estuarine areas in Wellington district, resulting from

16 GENERAL

Auckland Regional Authority *Strengths of trade wastes.E G Hutchinson

Hutt Valley Drainage Board *Trade waste survey - collating information of all industrial dischargesChief Engineer and potential discharges in the Hutt Valley.


CLASSIFICATION BY ORGANISATION

I NATIONAL WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION ORGANISATION

(a) Water & Soil Division *Effects of wastewater disposal by land irrigation on groundwater qualityG N Martin (Christchurch) in the Burnham-Tenpleton area (completed).

(b) Regional Water Boards

Rangitikei-Wanganui Catchment *Monitoring of the Marton oxidation ponds, particularly in relation to theBoard tertiary grass plot treatment of effluent.

C R Fowles

Southland Catchment Board *Effect of discharge of partially treated meatworks waste on the MatauraP N Young River.

*Effect of discharge of partially treated paper mill waste on the MatauraRiver'

*Measurement of nutrient, faêcal bacteria and sediment runoff from farm-tlandsatboth flood and low water levels - Aparima, Oreti , Makarewa andWaihopai Rivers - and their effects on silting up and possible over-fertilisation of the New River Estuary (lnvercargill).

*Effect of discharge of partially treated dairy wastes on the MatauraRiver'

Taranaki Catchment CommissionSecretary

Wairarapa Catchment BoardD B Wilmshurst


Ministry of Agricuiture & Fisheries(National Da¡ry Laboratory)

Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries( lnvermay Agricultural Research Centre)

D J Stewart


D R Cameron

MHLUo


B R Brown

EGFoxDSIR (Appl ied Biochemi stry Divi sion)

R V Asmundsen

R T J Clark

DSIR (Auckland lndustrial Develop-ment D¡v¡sion)

H C Green

DSIR (Chemistry Di vision)D H Buisson

*Survey of farm dairy oxidation ponds of varying forms to assess effect-iveness of designs.

*Evaluation of overland disposal system using oxidation pond effluentfrom the Carterton Borough Council sewage treatment plant (in collabor-ation with MWD, Trentham).

*Mqn!_tqling of the effectiveness of several anaerobic/aerobic dairyeffluent treatment systems (proposal ).

*Monitoring of dairy shed effluent oxidation ponds, Waikato - pH, DO,BOD.

+Monitoring of groundwaters where high nitrate level s are suspected tobe due to nearby effl uent ponds, especially associated with piggeries.

*Volumes of methane gas obtainable from crop wastes, manure and dairywastes by anaerobic fermentation.

*lnvestigation of possibilities of improving gas yields with addit¡ves orrecycling of CO2 produced with methane.

+Composition of sludge remaining after anaerobic treatment and tests ofits value as a ferti liser, including comparison of spray irrigation ofsludge and spray irrigation of raw mãnure on growth of various crops andpa sture.

+Nitrification-dentrif ication studies on a modif ied extended aeration plant.*Evaluation of overland disposal system using oxrdation pond effluentfrom the Carterton Borough Council sewage treatment plant (in collabor-ation with Wairarapa Catchment Board).

*Jar tests to establish the role Mg plays in lime precipitation of phos-phorus (completed).

*Performance of an aerated lagoon receiving domestic sewage.

*Evaluation of high rate stone media filter.*lsolation and study of micro-organisms responsible for anaerobic degrad-ation of dairy wastes and for production of methane, to improve thegeneral methane fermentation of organic matter.

+Effects of varying the basic parameters of fermentation of dairy wasteson reduction of BOD and production of methane.

*Report on the effluent from an electroplating shop and methods of treat-ment (completed).

*Treatment of tannery wastes.+Treatment of starch wastes.*Treatment of pulp and paper wastes.


R B FieldesA Kennett

C N S Mclachlan

T Marshall

H P Rothbaum

C D Stevenson

M H Timperley

P T Wilson


E White

DSIR (Plant Diseases Division)Director

DSIR (Soil Bureau)C W Childs

J D Stout

Department of Health(Division of Public Health)

Department of Health (NationalRadiation Laboratory)

Di rector

NZ Forest Service (Forest ProductsDivision)J A Lloyd

J M Uprichard

III RESEARCH ORGANISATIONS

Cawthron lnst¡tuteA Cooke

NZ Agricultural Engineering lnstituteA B Drysdale

D J Hills


I G Mason

*Treatment of latex wastes from carpet mant¡facturers.+Treatment of ruçing plant wastes.tDeterioration of rubber and plastic rings used in pipe joints when buriedin different soil tlpes (in collaboration with ARA).

tTreatment of woolscour effluent.*Treatment of coal carbonisation wastes.+Development of processes for removal of silica and arsenic from geo-thermal waters.

*Assessment of the efficacy of land disposal of treated sewage effluentsat (a) Carterton, in collaboration with Public Health Engineèring, MWDand lVairarapa Regional Water Board(completed), and (b)Tãupo, in collab-oration with MAF.

*Survey of toxic element and heavy metal levels in New Zealand sewagesl udges.

*As ses sment of treatment proces ses for el ectropl ati n g i ndustry wastes.IThe fate of septic tank effluents on the shores of Lake Taupo.*Nutrient concentration in groundwater of urban developments, Taupo.tNutrient runoff from a defined sub-catchment in Taupo Borough.*Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis techniques to facilitate concentrat-ion of wastes.

*Prel imína.ry investigations of waste from apple and citrus -processingplants with the possibility of recovering pectins and sugars. ."

*Removal of large particulate material from fruit and vegetable processingwastes.

*Effectiveness of ten North lsland soils for tertiary treatment of irrigatedmuni cipa I wastewater (compl eted).

*Effect of land disposal of milking shed effluent on pasture (in collabor-ation with Massey University).

*Committee on Pollution of the Envi ronment - Solíd waste disposal inNew Zealand. Cyclostyled Report Series No. 6,25 pp. (completed 1973).

*Supervision of use and disposal of radioactive materials, under theRadiation Protection Act 1965 and Radiation Protection Regulations 1973.

+Analytical techniques for mechanical pulp discharges.*The composition of refiner pulp mill discharges and their effects onwater qual iÇ (conp leted).

*Effects of water recycling on dissolved solids content of refiner pulpmill eff luent.

*Pulping and bleaching effluents.*The effect of drainage from wood waste dumps on stream water quality

(comp leted).

*Soil column studies with refiner-ground wood pulp effluent in relation togroundwaters (Contract: H Baigent and Son Limited).*Soil column studies with vegetable crop processing effluent in relationto groundwaters (Contract Petersville lnternational).*Chemical examination of vegetable crop processing effluent (Contract:Petersvi I I e I nternationa I ).+Chemical ìnvestigations of ground wood pulp effluent (Contract: Win-stone Limited).

+Solids separation of dairy shed effluent by mechanical víbrating barscreens.

*Surface aeration of livestock wastes-pilot plant investigations.*Punping and sprinkler testing research for spray irrigatión of livestockwastes.

+lnvestigations into proper construction techniques for livestock pondtreatment systems.

*Monitoring of effluents from dairy shed anaerobic and aerobic ponds.* al treatment of sulphides.* a manganese catalysed aemtion process (proposal).* laboratory scale biodisc unit for treatnent of tannery

r).*Extension of research into use of purple sulphur bacteria for sulphideremoval (proposal).

o



C F Denmead

T Fernando

J F Heddle

I J Kirdred

Wool Research Organisation of NewNew Zealand

G V Barker

J Bedford

E R Jamison

R G Jamieson

R G Stewart

IV UNIVERSITIES


Massey Universi ty (Biotechnology)P McFarlane

H Melcer

Massey University (Soil Science)A N Macgregor et ai

J K Syers

+Chromium (3) levels at tannery sludge disposal sites and in associatedveleiation. Glasshouse trials to detãrmine the effect of chroaiqr¡-(3þcoñtaining sludges on plant life is being undertaken by Plant PhysiologyDivision, DSIR.

*Surveyof skin processing in NZ. Part l. Chemical usage, methods, plant.Part ll. Waste d¡sposal (completed).

*Fel lmongery effluent survey (completed).*Tannery effl uent survey.+Defi nition of waste loads of individual processing operations within a

meatworks to suggest means of product recovery at source.*Chemical treatméñt process on a pilot plant scale for treatment of meatwastes. Dewatered conditioned sludge may be dried as an animal feedstuff.

*Sedimentation of lime and removal of sulphide from fel lmongery wastes.

*Evaluation of electroflotation compared with dissolved air flotation ofchemi cally treated meat wastes.

*Use of a pilot-scale biological filter, packed with 'Flocor', for purificat-ion of meat wastes (completed).

*Use of an anaerobic f ilter for treating meat wastes.*lnvestigation into nitrif ication of anaerobic effluent to determine whetherammonia levels may be substantially reduced.

*Composting of sol id materials (mainly paunch contents) removed frommeat wastes during primary treatment (completed).

*Recovery of blood from blood-conta¡ning wastes and protein from paunchliquid by ultrafiltration on a pilot plant scale.

*lnvestigations into various modes of aerobic biological treatment ofmeat wastes.

*Rate of oxygen uptake by meat wastes and determination of the stage atwhich nitrification occurs, if at all.

*Development of improved, more rapid analytical methods for determinat-ion of'fat, grease, proteins and other nitrogenous compounds in meatwastes.

*Analytical methods to characterise meat wastes.*Deveìopment of improved, more rapid analytical methods for determinat-ion of sulphides, thiosulphates, sulphites, sulphates and elementalsulphur in fellmongery wastes.

*Removal of sulphide from settled fel lmongery wastes.*Alcohol destabilisation of wool scouring wastes, Sawyers Bay, Dunedin.

*The WRONZ turbidometer ( completed).*Sludge deÙatering.*By-product recovery from wool scouring liquors.*Biological treatment of suint solutions (proposal).*Land disposal of scouring wastes, Winchester, South Canterbury.*The WRONZ comprehensive scouring system - prototype at Timaru(corpleted).

*Use of allophane as a means of removing pollutants from waste.+Absorption of phosphate from the Hamilton sewage treatment station inthe soil f loor of the Waikato River.

*Treatment of fellmongery effluent in anaerobic ponds using photosynthet-ic pumle sulphur bacteria.

*lnvestigation of problems associated with the bulking of activatedsludge in treatment of industrial effluents with high carbohydratecontents.

*Evaluation of land disposal (spray irrigation) of untreated dairy shedeffluent in terms of pasture production and composition, effects onanimal health,changes in amounts and forms of soil N and P, dischargesfrom the area of N, P and coliform bacteria in drainage water.

*Land disposal of domestic sewage eff luent (in collaboration with Winch-more I rri gation Research Station).


Massey University (AgriculturalEngi neeri ng

R M ClarkeD J Warburton

Victoria University (Botany)H G Harris

D R McOueen

Victoria UniversityR S Slack

(Zoology)

University of Canterbury (CivilEngi neeri ng)

F Wilson

University of Canterbury (ChemicalEngineering

E E GrahamN J Peet

University of Canterbury (Joint Centrefor Envi ronmental Studies)

L A Halliday

Li ncol n Col lege (Microbiology)M J Noonan

University of Otago (Microbiology)M-W Loutit

*Monitoring of performance and working environment of a variety ofpumps for dairy waste spray disposal, including qomponent redesignand testing.

*Evaluation of dairy shed effluent treatment by short-term (5-10 days)unmixed anaerobic treatment. followed by 1-3 days aeration over abiological f ilter.

*Some aspects of the biology of the Carterton Borough Council sewageoxidation pond sediments (completed); (cont act: H W Johnston).

*Presence of exogenous metallic ions and other chemical substances insoil and plants of estuarine areas in Wellington district, resulting fromwaterbome wastes.

*Effects oftreatedsewage effluent on growth of Pinus radiata (completed).*Growing fish in lagoons and oxidation ponds.

*Use of package plants for sewage treatment.

*Treatment of meatworks effluent to recover protein.

*Treatment of fellmongery wastes with particular reference to reduction ofdepilatory sulphides in discharged effluents.

*Pollution control and by-product recovery in the New Zealand wool-scouring industry (completed).

*Pasture contamination by micro-organisms from meat wastes (lslington)and milking shed wastes (Lincoln).

*Land appliõation of domestic effluent (Burnham and Templeton) and meat-works waste (lsl ington).

*Determination of maximum loading of soi ls by potato processing wastesto avoid groundwater pollution and odour problems, Prebbleton.

*survival of indicator organisms in milking shed wastes undergoingaerobic treatment.

*lnvestigation of the role of photosynthetic bacteria in oxidation ponds'*The difference between E.,cotiand faecal coliform counts in oxidationponds and an investigation of which organisms are contributing to thefaecal coliform count.

a

V TERRITORIAL LOCAL BODIES AND DRAINAGE BOARDS

Auckland Regional Authority *Deterioration of rubberand plastic rings used in pipe joints when buri ed

N Harper in different soil types (in collaboration with DSIR).

E G Hutchinson *Chemical coagulation of sewage.*Water qual ity changes during tip leachate treatment.*Comparative evaluation of performance characteristics of differentplastic media for high rate biological filtration treatment of sewage.

*Mathematical modell ing of filter performance.*Treatability factors of trade wastes, using biological fi lters.+Use of biological rock and plastic media filters for deodorising sewagegases.

*Studies of oxidation pond performance and effluent quality.*The biology of oxidation ponds.*The classification of coliform bacteria populations at various stages of

sewage treatment, by biochemical and serological methods.*Multivariate statistical analysis of factors affecting algal growth inoxidation ponds (by University oÍ Auckland); (completed).

+Detergent level s in sewage.+Comparative evaluation of sludge density meters.*Sewage sludge thickenrng and drying. Cost/benefit analysrs ot variousprocesses.

*Bioassay of toxic material in sewage sludge.*Estimation of helminths and other parasitic organisms in treated sewage

sl udge.*Treatment of alum sludge from potable water treatment plants.+Control of sulphide in sewers.*Effect of refuse grinders on the strength of domestic wastes.*&ev-entiOn of nozzle blockage in sedimentation tank scum removalspray systems.

*Stormwater quality studies - SS, BOD, DO, pH, bacto'

12 Water & soil technical publication no. 1 (1976)

P Welsby

Rotorua City CouncilCity Engineer

City of GisborneH C Williams


Hutt Vatley Drainage BoardChief Engineer

Wel li ngton City CorporationP Marks


VI PRIVATE ORGANISATIONS


*Continuous monitoring systems for wastes.*Major constituents, including P, N, CN, of domestic, industrial and

sewage treatment plant di scharges,*Strengths of trade wastes.*Effects of circulation and management changes on anaerobic digesterperformance.

*lnvestigation of mixed media fi ltration of tertiary wastewater treatmentplant effluent.

*Analysis of bacteriological reports on sea samples taken from PovertyBay in the local¡ty of the Gisborne submarine sewage outfall (completed).

*Performance monitori ngof a primary wastewater treatment plant, particul-arly with regard to sedimentation tank efficiency.

*Design and building of a pilot-scale extended aeration unit to supplypossible design parameters for planned secondary treatment.

*Performance monitoring and physical and chemical control of a com-pletely mixed anaerobic sludge digester.

xOualitative investigation of Hutt Valley sewage based on data obtainedfrom a pilot primary treatment plant and other related studies.

*Effect of an 18 km anaerobic pressure main on the treatability of HuttValley sewage.

*lnfiltration study including a comparison of flow from a number of differ-ent types of reticulation subcatchment.

+Trade waste survey - collating information of all industrial dischargesand potential discharges in the Hutt Valley.

*Monitoring of treatment plant for tip leachate at Horokiwi landfill (gritremoval, alum dosing, aeration, settling and intermittent sand fi ltration).

*Eval uation of the potential of biodiscs for treatment of domestic sewage.Pilot plant is later to be shifted to evaluate its potential to treat septictank effluent.

*A model study of the secondary sedimentation tanks of the Bromleysewage treatment plant (completed).

+Coagulation and flocculation of loess suspensions.*Pilot tower studies on Flocor plastic media at Bromley sewage treatmentplant (completed).

*Bench-scale studies of settled sewage.*Study of oxygen-activated sludge (proposal).*Succession of algae and the role(s) of Daphnia and Moina in oxidationponds (proposal).

*Assessment of the effects of detention time and temperature on digest-ion of sewage sludge.

*Application of digested sewage sludge to farmland and assessment ofits value as fertiliser and soil conditioner.

*Development of analytical methods for the determination of heavy metalsin both raw and digested sewage sludge.

*Assessment of the relative efficacies of chlorine and ozone for disin-fecting sewage.

*Fungal attack of rubber rings used in pipe joints.*Sewage sampling and computer processing of alarm functions and treat-

ment plant data.+Treatment of meat waste using plastic medium trickling fi lters and act-

ivated sludge.*Digestibility of meat waste sludge.*Removal of chrome from tannery wastes.*Destruction of cyanide, both liquid and solid forms, the latter from

case-hardeni ng processes.*Disposal of hazardous wastes - solvents, heavy metal sludges.

*Application and performance of several proprietary screening devices(including Bauer Hydrasieve and Anziel Aquasieve) on various meat-works waste streams with particular reference to solids and BOD remov-al.

*lnvestigation of dissolved air flotation as a means of treating meat-works waste.

*Pilot-scale investigations into oxidation of sulphide in fellmongerywaste streams.

*Treatment of different types of meatworks effluent by a Flocor packedbiological filter and the effects of temperature, recirculation rates,different media and combined use of dissolved air flotation and biolog-ical filtration on performance (proposal).


*Design of oxidation ponds, with emphasis on flow pattems throughponds and retention time.

*Effects of a cage aerator on biomass, sulphide and ammonia-nitrogenin a Southland oxidation pond (proposal).

*Assessment of performance of dissolved air f lotation treatment on diff-erent meatworks waste streams and of effects of chemical treatment onperformance.

*Means of reducing\tevelslof ammonia-nitrogen and sulphide in meat-works waste under the prevailing climatic conditions in Soutnland.

xExperimental irrigation of oxidation pond water (after tertiary treatment)onto pasture and tree plantations, with special attention to health as'pects, nitrite and nitrate accumulation in plants and soils and soilpermeabi lity.

+Treatment methods for strong chemical wastes from fellmongery, hidecuring and casings departments.

*Continual testing of freezing works effl uent quality (Waitara, Feilding,Waingawa), with short-term investigations of treatment efficiency.

*Land irrigation of meatworks waste, Fairfield.*Chemical treatment of fel lmongery wastes, Belfast.*Removal of suspended solids from fertiliser works effluent, Awatoto.*Neutral isation of acidic fertil iser effluents.*Preliminary investigation into the recovery of fluorides.*Occurrence or otheruise of cadmium in ferti liser works eff luents(proposal).

+Design, installation and commissioning of prototype wool scour effluenttreatment plant utilising a new process developed by DSIR/WRONZ, andsubsequent evaluation of the process.

+Treatnent of removed solids from wool scour effluent to recover woolgrease and separate dirt for disposal.

*Evaluation of biological f ilters on fel lmongery effluents based on pilotplant çerations, Christchurch.

*Design, installation and commissioning of prototype physico-chemicalwool scour effluent treatment plant, incorporat¡ng a by-product recoveryplant, Sawyers Bay, Dunedin.

*Characterisation of metal quarry effluents and selection of flocculationtechniques for clarification of water for discharge and reuse. Design,installation and commissioning of effluent treatment plant at Lower Hutt.

*Sludge thickeningand dewatering for disposal from chemical flocculationtreatment of metal quarry effluent. Lower Hutt.

*Water clarification from metal quarry effl uent and total recycle for usein quarry washing duties, Lower Hutt.*Coal mine effl uent characteri sation, flocculation process evaluation,design, installation and commissioning of prototype plant, Lower Hutt.

*Characterisation of meat processing effluents and assessment ofphysical-chemical treatment techniques in mobile field laboratory; pilotplant performance trials and cost estimates.

*Sludge dewatering, drying and feed trials as animal feed supplement forsludge recovered from pilot plant meatworks effluent treatment process,Wa iroa.

*Evaluation of polishing treatment process for meatworks effluent afterphysicochemical treatment, for water reuse, Wairoa.

*Treatment methods for effluent containing cyanide.*Clarigester BOD and suspended solids removal efficiency from an in-dustrial-domestic effluent treatment plant.

*Mathematical model to predict water quality parameters at the mill'sclassified outfall from known effluent losses from the mill. KinleithTechnical Department.

UAuckland Farmers' Freezing Co-op

Chief Engineer

T Borthwick & Sons LtdG L Butcher


East Coast Farmers'Fertiliser Co.F P Crotty


D N Undrill

W S Wakelin

NZ Aluminium Smelters LtdF I Coates

NZ Forest Products LtdD R McKenzie

14 Water & soil technical publication no. 1 (1976)

ADDRESSES OF GONTRIBUTORS

ORGANISATIONI NATIONAL WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION

(a) Water and So¡l Division

Distr¡ct Commissioner of WorksP O Box 1479CHRISTCHURCH

(b) Regional Water Boards

Rangit ikei-Wanganui Catchment BoardPOBox92MARTON

Taranaki Catchment CommissionP O Box 159''STRATFORD


National Dai ry LaboratoryMinistry of Agriculture & FisheriesPrivate BagHAMILTON

Appl ied Biochemistry DivisionDSIRPrivate BagPALMERSTON NORTH

Chemistry DivisionDSIRPrivate BagPETONE

Plant Diseases DivisionDSIRPrivate BagAUCKLAND

Division of Public HealthDepaftment of HealthP O Box 5013WELLINGTON

Ministry of Works & DeveloPmentPrivate BagWELLINGTON

Forest Products DivisionNew Zealand Forest ServicePrivate BagROTORUA

III RESEARCH ORGANISATIONS

Cawthron lnstituteP O Box 175NELSON

NZ Leather & Shoe Research AssociationPrivate BagPALMERSTON NORTH

Wool Research Organisation of NZPrivate BagCHRISTCHURCH

IV UNIVERSITIES

University of AucklandPrivate BagAUCKLAND

Massey UniversitYPrivate BagPALMERSTON NORTH

Southland Catchment BoardP O Box 408INVERCARGILL

Wai rarapa Catchment BoardPOBox4lMASTERTON

lnvermay Agricultural Research CentreMlnistry of Agriculture & FisheriesPrivate BagMOSGIEL

Auckland lndustrial Development DivisionDSIRP O Box 2225AUCKLAND

Freshwater Section - Ecology Divis ionDSIRP O Box 415TAUPO

Soil BureauDSIRPrivate BagLOWER HUTT

National Radiation LaboratorYDepqrtuent of HealthP O Box 25-099CHRISTCHURCH

Ministry of Works & Development (Trentham),P O Box 30-325LOWER HUTT

NZ Agricultural Engi neering lnstituteLincoln CollegeLINCOLN

Meat lndustrY Research lnstituteP O Box 617HAMILTON

University of WaikatoPrivate BagHAMILTON

Victoria UniversityPrivate BagWB.LINGTON


University of Canterbury Lincoln Col legePrivate Bag LincolnCHRISTCHURCH CANTERBURY

Medical SchoolUniversity of OtagoP O Box 913DUNEDIN

V TERR¡TORIAL LOCAL BODIES AND DRAINAGE BOARDS

Auckland Regional Authority Rotorua City CouncilPrivate Bag P O Box 1145AUCKLAND ROTORUA

City of Gisborne City of Palmerston NorthP O Box 747 Private BagGISBORNE PALMERSTON NORTH

Hutt Valley Drainage Board Wel lington City CorporationPrivate Bag P O Box 2199LOWER HUTT WELLINGTON

Christchurch Drainage BoardP O Box 13-006CHRISTCHURCH

VI PRIVATE ORGANISATIONS

Alliance Freezing Co. Auckland Farmers' Freezing Co-op,LtdPOBox845 POBoxg0INVERCARGILL AUCKLAND

T Borthwick & Sons Ltd Canterbury Frozen Meat Co.P O Box ¿148 P O Box 283MASTERTON CHRISTCHURCH

East Coast Farmers' Fertiliser;Co. Morrison, Cooper & PartnersP O Box 442 P O Box 6214NAPIER WELLINGTON

NZ Al uminium Smelters Ltd NZ Forest Products LtdPrivate Bag Private BagINVERCARGILL TOKOROA

D

16


WATER & SOILTEGHNICAL PUBLICATION NO 1

LIOUID AND WATERBORNE WASTES RESEARCH

IN NEW ZEALAND 1976

Published by the Water & Soil Division, MWD

for the National Water & Soil Conservation Organisation


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