water safety plans at small-scale and community level prof richard carter (wateraid) and dr jen...
TRANSCRIPT
Water Safety Plans at small-scale and community level
Prof Richard Carter (WaterAid) and Dr Jen Smith (Cranfield University)
Overview
• The need for Water Safety Plans• WHO / IWA WSP steps• WSP in small-scale / community
managed systems• Liberia (no WSP) community
handpump• Nigeria (no WSP) urban dug
wells• Bangladesh findings from WSP
pilot project• WSP critique• The future – ‘Water Security’
Plans?
The need for Water Safety Plans
• Unreliable and unavailable
• Results are too late
• Requires resources & expertise
• Health
• WASH related illnesses
e.g. diarrhoea
WSP steps
WSP in context
Liberia – community handpumps
• Functioning water committee
• Active community health volunteers
• Best practice followed
Nigeria – urban self supply
• Variable well conditions
• 1 owner, many users
• Limited space (toilet & well)
• Poor health understanding
• Little governmental support
• Reactive culture
Bangladesh – WSP pilot study
• Improved microbial quality:– at tap– in home– Not 0 CFU/100ml
• Significant & consistent reductions in sanitary risks
• Simple monitoring tool (pictorial)• On-going surveillance• Further capacity building (local &
regional)APSU, 2006
WSP for small self-supply and community-managed systems
• What do users care about in terms of water?
• Importance of external support
• Buy-in from all parties
• How do you regulate / monitor / verify?
• Template use – links with complacency?
• Success of localised revisions
• Culture – recording data / proactive approach
Beyond water safety plans (1)
Water consumers want:– ready access– adequate quantity– adequate quality– acceptable reliability– at a price they can afford– without an unrealistic
management burden
Beyond water safety plans (2)Why consumers want
– ready access: convenience, time and energy saving– adequate quantity: for domestic and productive uses– adequate quality: for aesthetic reasons, health– acceptable reliability: convenience and time saving– at a price they can afford: poverty, valuation of water– without an unrealistic management burden: convenience
Outcomes and impacts of improved water supply
Outcomes: Increased consumption of adequate quality water from a reliable, affordable and manageable system - in other words, functioning and utilisation (WHO MEP) of a sustainable service (WaterAid, Triple-S and others).
Impacts: Time and energy saving leading to socio-economic impacts.Enhanced quantity and quality leading to (small) health impacts.
Beyond water safety plans (3)
Not only water quality (safety) for health ... but a fully functioning water supply service in order to achieve the wider outcomes and impacts which consumers want.
... towards water security
Water security has environmental and management dimensions
• Environmental aspects: quality and quantity of water resources, pressures, trends
• Management aspects: financing and institutional arrangements to ensure functional sustainability
Towards ‘water security’ plans
Combining the principles of integrated water resource management
with the practicality of water safety plans
+ Practical+ Simple+ Risk-based+ Achievable- Limited focus
- High-level- Poorly defined- Hard to implement+ Common sense+ Integrated
Moving towards a risk-based approach for ensuring sustainable water supply services
