Water Quality Section 1.2

https://www.campbellsci.ca/water-quality

Do Now1. Where is most of the fresh water on Earth?

2. Is it readily available for humans to use? Why or why not?

1. Most of the earth’s fresh water is locked up in the ice caps and glaciers (77%), while the other sources (such as groundwater and lakes) make up the other 23%.

2. Most fresh water is not available to drink as its located in ice caps and remote glaciers. Fresh water in lakes and rivers may not be accessible or close to the larger population centers. The water that is accessible may be contaminated by waste and toxins.

The PlanDiscuss water quality.Video on Edmonton’s water

processing.Discuss water testing

criteria.Videos

I can explain how water is tested.

Water QualityWater quality is a

measure of the amount of substances (besides water) in a water sample; OR a description of how pure a sample is.

Water in nature is never pure, for it always contains organisms, organic materials, minerals, and other chemicals.

http://www.cedarhills.org/utilities/water-quality

Substances Dissolved in WaterMost of the substances

dissolved in fresh and salt water are called salts.

The most common salt is sodium chloride, the same chemical as table salt.

Salinity is the amount of dissolved salt in water.

Sea water has a higher salinity (3.5%) than fresh water.

http://waydownsouth.wikispaces.com/Salinity

Hard WaterHard water is water containing a

high concentration of calcium and magnesium.

http://www.sanatogawater.com/gallery~hard-water-signs http://www.culligan-water.com/at-home-or-work/common-water-problems/q-hard+water+spots-89

http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water-education/quality-water-hard.htm

Organisms in Drinking Water

Fresh water also contains organisms and organic matter.

Some organisms are harmful, but most of them are not.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) can cause illness and death, but human treatment processes usually take care of this.

Unsafe Drinking WaterMore than 1

billion people drink dirty water every day!

Worldwide 3-5 million people die each year from unsafe water.

http://galleryhip.com/unsafe-drinking-water-in-africa.html

Water Quality TestingWater from a well is rarely treated

because its location far underground protects it from most natural and human activities.

However, airborne pathogens may still come in contact with the water.

Water Quality TestingCity water is always treated because it comes

from surface locations (rivers and lakes), which are highly susceptible to pollution.

Treating the water is important to improve the quality of the water so that it is potable.

http://www.hihostels.ca/westerncanada/1404/HI-Edmonton.hostel

Community Water Processing

Water from a source, such as the North Saskatchewan River, is pumped into a treatment plant.

There it passes through a series of stages that gradually make it cleaner and cleaner until it is safe to drink.

What is Edmonton’s water processing like?

Water Testing CriteriaWhich glass of water is safe to drink?

A simple and common method of testing is appearance and smell, but this should be used cautiously because many dangerous organisms will not be detected.

Water Testing Criteria1.Taste and colour

2.Cloudiness

3.Toxic substances

4.Bacteria

5.Hardness

6.pH

7.Dissolved oxygen and solids http://www.ozarksliving.com/water-quality-issues-and-

home-water-testing/

Acid RainRain or atmospheric moisture that

has been mixed with elements and gases that have caused the moisture to become more acidic than normal.

Can be caused by natural (volcanoes) and man-made activities (e.g., cars).

It can harm the environment. http://water.usgs.gov/edu/

acidrain.html

http://shediacbaywatershed.com/category/water-quality/http://steinhardtapps.es.its.nyu.edu/nyuhudson/?page_id=168

Studying the Rouge River

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scenic_Rouge_River.jpg

Swamps Purify Water

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Naples_Swamps_01.jpg

HomeworkCheck and Reflect #1 (p. 346).

Assess Your Learning #2 (p. 347).

Study for your celebration of learning.