Water Management in Paris AreaToward sustainable devlopment

Jean-Pierre TABUCHI

Direction Santé Environnement

Successive visions of sanitation

Objectives in sanitation has changed

1. 19th century to mid 20 th century : Hygienic approach - Evacuate waste water downstream from Paris

2. At the turn of the 70’s : Environmental approach

3. At the end of the 80’s : Sustainable Development

� Being a major actor in sustainable development of Pari s area � Regarding to the preservation of the Seine river, t he English

Channel and the Northern Sea

� Being a public utility environmentally responsible� fulfilling its mission with the smallest environmen tal footprint as

possible

� Being a « ecocitizen » public utility� ensuring that in its daily activity it shows in his exemplary

behavior towards the environment as should every ci tizen

� Being aware about sustainable sanitation financing

What Sustainable Development means for the SIAAP ?

Content

�SIAAP's presentation�Financial informations�The SIAAP and the Greater Paris

SIAAP's Presentation

The Seine river in Paris…

Région Ile-de-France

SIAAP presentation

Val d'Oise

Yvelines

Essonne

Seine et Marne

La Seine

La Marne

L'Oise

Seine-Saint-Denis

Val de Marne

Hauts

de

Seine

PARIS

The formally SIAAP� 4 departments (administrative

divisions of France)The SIAAP Board (33 elected members)

� 124 municipalities� 6.6 M inhabitants

Extended SIAAP limits� 162 municipalities� 2.3 M inhabitants

SIAAP :� 286 municipalities� 8,9 M connected inhabitants� 400 industrial companies� 15 000 km of municipal sewers

� 1820 km2

� 2 400 000 m3/d� Mainly a combined sewer system� Outer suburb : separate system

The SIAAP’s Board

�33 members�Paris : 12 members�Each Departement : 7 members = 21

members�President : M. Ouzoulias�An executive board : 14 members

�Date of Birth : 1970

Financial Data

� Investment (2013) : 513 M€�Operating expenses (2013) : 573 M€

� Opération (maintenance, energy, chemicals, etc.)� Wages (1770 employees)� Financial amortization

�Average Water Price : 3,66 €/m 3 (2012)� 1,37 €/m3 for water supply� 2,26 €/m3 for sanitation with 0,81 €/m 3 for SIAAP

Seine River Catchment

Area : 97 000 km 2

Population : 17 000 000 inhabitants8 regions, 25 counties, 9 000 communitiesRivers length : 66 000 km

Seine River Catchment

Seine river length : 762 kmArea : 78 650 km 2

Seine River Catchment

Marne river length : 506 kmArea : 8 850 km 2

Seine River Catchment

Oise river length : 340 kmArea : 16 108 km 2

Hydrology

� Flow (Paris)

• Average flow : 310 m3/s• Mediane : 210 m3/s• Low flow : 95 m3/s

� Rainfall

• Average : 650 mm/y • 950 mm (2001) - 450 mm (2003)• 170 d/y with 110 day > 1 mm

Main French rivers : average interannual flow

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

janv. févr. mars avr. mai juin juil. août sept. oct. nov. déc.

Déb

it m

³/s

La Seine

La Loire

Le Rhône

Le Rhin

A small river under a high anthropogenic pressure

�Seine river low flow in Paris : 91 m 3/s

m3/d/inhabitant 65 18 1,2

Rhin Rhône Seine

Source : DRIEE

Population

Area Population DensityNumber of community

Paris 105 2 153 600 20 433 192 176 1 517 000 8 619 3693 236 1 459 000 6 182 4094 245 1 279 000 5 220 4777 5 915 1 260 000 213 51478 2 284 1 395 000 611 26291 1 804 1 188 000 659 19695 1 246 1 148 000 921 185

Paris Area 762 6 408 600 8 406 124Ile-de-France 12 011 11 399 600 949 1 281

CityDensity

inhab/km 2

Paris 20 433Djakarta 13 290NY 10 292New Delhi 9 291Paris Area 8 406Moscou 7 540Hong Kong 6 688Rio 5 190Londres 4 700Amsterdam 4 477Mexico 3 584Washington 3 127LA 3 041

5 WWTP: 2,6 Mm3/j Dry weather,3,5 Mm3/j Max. biological capacity4,6 Mm3/j Rainy conditions450 km of meshed transport network900 000m3 of storage capacity

WWTP Storage facilities

Seine Morée

1700 employees

� Length : 420 km � Diameter : 2,5 to 6 meters � Depth : 10 to 100 meters

Main Sewers

Storage facilities : 900 000 m3

� For stromwater management� Against floods and for stormwater pollution control

Seine river

� 2 specific kinds of settlements :

26 barriers for Wastes collection 5 oxyge n Bublers:Videos -barrages flottantsVidéos - OxygenBubblers

Real Time Control : MAGES

� Developped by the SIAAP and its partners � Aims :

• Reduce stormwater spillages (not more than 2 spills/year)

• Optimized WWTP filling and emptying storage tanks

� With :

• Rainfall forecasts• Numerical modelling

Capacity evolution

1 200

1 000

800

600

400

200

0

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2007

Millions de m³/an

Capacité de traitement

Eaux usées produites

Achères I

Achères II

Achères III

Achères IV

Valenton IA

Valenton IB

ColombesValenton II

Grésillons

Waste water production

WWTP Capacity 2012

Dry Weather

BOD5 NTKSeine aval 4 564 000 4 818 000

Seine amont 2 618 000 2 277 000Seine centre 982 000 774 000

Seine Grésillons 320 000 299 000Marne aval 500 000 464 000

Total 8 984 000 8 631 000

BOD5Seine aval 7 500 000

Seine amont 3 667 000Seine centre 900 000

Seine Grésillons 372 000Marne aval 555 000

Total 12 993 000

Units : Persons Equivalent

Rainy Weather

Waste Water Washing Machine

Population municipale : 8 860 000 habitants

Bilan te chnique 2009

Réseaux com munauxet dépa rtementaux

Réseau de t ranspo rt SIAAP

POLLUANTS ELIMINES

MES : 587,5 t/jDBO5 : 445 t/j

DCO : 1048,5 t/jNTK : 97,56 t/jPtot : 13,3 t/j

Volume : 2 351 000 m3/jMES : 634 t/jDBO : 481 t/jDCO : 1191 t/jNTK : 119 t/jPtot : 15,6 t/j

ENTREE USINESVolume : 2 315 000 m3/jMES : 622 t/jDBO5 : 475 t/jDCO : 1175 t/jNTK : 118,1 t/jPtot : 15,4 t/j

REJETS DES USINES

MES : 38 t/jDBO5 : 31 t/jDCO : 130 t/jNTK : 20,7 t/jNGL : 70,1 t/j Ptot : 2,2 t/j

Sa bles : 5,8 t/jDéchets : 11,3 t/j

Déve rsements temps de pluie

MES : 31,5 t/jDBO5 :15,5 t/jDCO :42,9 t/jNTK : 3,1 t/jPtot : 0,5 t/j

Rejets directs1 jour

Volume : 6 220 m3/jMES : 2 t/jDBO5 : 1 t/jDCO : 2,8 t/jNTK : 0,2 t/jPtot : 0,03 t/j

Graisses : 6,5 t/jSa bles : 9,8 t/j

Déchets : 12,2 t/jBoues biologiques : 351,8 t/j

ENERGIE - REACTIF

106 jou rsVolume : 99 000 m3/j

Seine- AvalSein-AmontSeine-Centre

Seine-GrésillonsMarne-Aval

ENERGIE : 2 603 MWhGaz - achats : 175 MWhGaz - production : 1 173 MWhElect ricité - achats : 1120 MWhElect ricité - prod . : 77 MWhFioul : 72 MWh

REACTIFSChlo rure fer rique : 201 tMéthanol : 45,6 tNitrate de calcium : 94 t

ENERGIE - REACTIF /jour

Energy : the main data

�Energy purchase in 2012

� 96 % of the total energy budget for water treatment� 20 % of the current operating cost

�Self production� Biogas : 499 582 MWh

�Total needs : 1000 GWh

MWh Dépenses €

Gas oil 24 415 1 842 054

Natural gas 85 035 3 436 226

Electricity 443 000 24 901 394

Total purchase 552 450 30 179 674

Seine aval2012 energetic balance

Autoproduction Achats

Electricité FOD Gaz naturel - PCI Biogaz

234.7 GWh 9.5 GWh 18.1 GWh 434.8 GWh 262.3 GWh

Electricité autoproduite

42.0 GWh 164.7 GWh Besoins énergétiques

625.1 GWh

276.7 GWh Traitement de l'eau : 305.9 GWh

TOTAL Electricité TOTAL FOD

231.8 GWh 9.5 GWh 64.6 GWh 14 011 185 €

Autres

Air process 51.9 GWh

9.2 GWh 12.7 GWh

Traitement des boues : 316.2 GWh

TOTAL Electricité TOTAL FOD TOTAL Gaz naturel TOTAL Biogaz42.0 GWh .1 GWh 18.1 GWh 205.4 GWh

Chauffage digestion34.1 GWh50.6 GWh

Conditionnement thermique

.0 GWh 11.4 GWh 168.8 GWh

Divers

.1 GWh 6.7 GWh 2.5 GWh

Torchères12.8 GWh

2.7 GWh Autres divers .2 GWh

TOTAL Biogaz+chaleur

Impact on receiving waters

BOD 5

Ammonia

Phosphorus

24,0

19,7

30,6

24,2

20,9

17,5

23,1

15,7

23,4

19,2

16,3

12,0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Not

e IP

R

Fish index

Financial data

A new situation

• Financial difficulties of local authorities

• In front of the reduction in the consumptions :• Where to find the new financial resources tomorrow?

• How to finance the general water policy� Is the water bill the right base ?� Where the water bill stops and wheer starts the taxpa yer

• New stakes � Access to water for all� Stormwater management� Asset management� …

Water Price

Prix Zone Eau de Paris : 3,02 €/m3Prix Zone SEDIF : 4,00 €/m3

Prix Moyenne territoire SIAAP: 3,57 €/m 3

Water price on SIAAP area

�Des écarts importants sur le prix de l'eau (hors abonnement)

Eau potable

€/m3

Assainissement

€/m3

Total

€/m3

Avec Paris 1.370 2.263 3.633

Sans Paris 1.621 2.518 4.138

Paris 1.112 2.000 3.112

€/m3

Paris 3.112

92 4.073

93 4.205

94 4.121

€/m3

Min 3.1123

Centile 10 3.9839

Centile 25 4.0080

Médiane 4.1184

Centile 75 4.2277

Centile 90 4.4820

Max 5.1417

Prix moyen

Prix moyen par département

Répartition

One main reason : municipal sewarage fee

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.25

3.50

3.75

4.00

4.25

4.50

4.75

5.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Prix de l'eau €/m3

Décomposition du prix de l'eau

Prix total

Eau potable

Redevance commun.

Redevance départ.

Redevance SIAAP

Paris 92 93 94 SIAAP Tout

Min 0,160 0,114 0,086 0,086 0,086

Centile 10 0.168 0.240 0.187 0,174 0,188

Centile 25 0.168 0.240 0.213 0,213 0,240

Centile 50 0.183 0.340 0.308 0,300 0,335

Centile 75 0.299 0.648 0.399 0,414 0,599

Centile 90 0.340 0.832 0.529 0,680 0,834

Moyenne 0.297 0,247 0,417 0,304 0,304 0,328

Max 0,382 1,27 0,744 1,265 1,332

Variations of municipal sewarage fee

Density of service

Urbaine Périurbaine Rurale TotalIle-de-France 4,4 16,4 0,0 5,5Total France 10,1 24,1 24,1 14,7

Commune Meter/housing Commune Meter/inhabLe Pré Saint Gervais 0,9 Le Pré-Saint-Gervais 0,40Pantin 1,0 Pantin 0,45Les Lilas 1,4 Les Lilas 0,62Paris 1,4 Bagnolet 0,74Bagnolet 1,7 Saint-Ouen 0,79Saint-Ouen 1,8 Paris 0,84Romainville 2,2 Romainville 0,88Le Bourget 2,4 Noisy-le-sec 0,94Montreuil 2,7 Le Bourget 0,95Noisy-le-sec 2,9 Dugny 1,03

Commune Meter/housing Commune Meter/inhabMalakoff 8,4 Malakoff 4,04La Garenne-colombes 8,5 La Garenne-colombes 4,10Châtillon 8,9 Saint-Cloud 4,74Saint-Cloud 10,5 Coubron 4,76Coubron 12,8 Châtillon 5,17Sèvres 13,7 Sèvres 6,02Chaville 15,7 Chaville 7,19Ville-d'Avray 22,0 Vaucresson 9,58Vaucresson 23,4 Ville-d'Avray 10,51Marnes-la-Coquette 173,4 Marnes-la-Coquette 64,64

Commune Litre/mètre Commune Litre/mètreMarnes-la-Coquette 2,4 Dugny 137,9Ville-d'Avray 10,9 Bobigny 151,3Vaucresson 13,6 Romainville 162,4Chaville 18,4 Le Bourget 187,1Coubron 23,0 Saint-Ouen 220,9Sèvres 24,4 Bagnolet 230,0Saint-Cloud 29,1 Les Lilas 241,9La Garenne-colombes 33,9 Paris 249,5Malakoff 34,3 Le Pré Saint Gervais 341,8Gournay-sur-Marne 39,9 Pantin 416,9

Paris : 0,295 €/m3 = un revenu de 0,075€ /m

Coubron : 0,66 €/m3 = un revenu de 0,015 €/m

Finance : Investments

� Investment revenues 2012 : 660 M€

Loans (AESN); 60M€ 9%

Loans (banks); 234,3M€ 36%

Subsidies AESN et Région; 133M €

20%Various; 2,2M€ 0%

Amortization; 230,3M€ 35%

Finance : Operating

�Operating expenses 2012 : 565 M€

Redevances 400,2Primes d’épuration et Aquex) 58Autres produits de gestion courante 5,3Divers 15,9

Total 565,1

91

Recettes BP 2012

Quote-part des subventions virées au résultat de l'exercice

Routine management expenditure 221,3Salary 85Frais financiers 19,5Dépenses exceptionnelles 9,3Total 565,1

Dépenses BP 2012

The SIAAP and the Greater Paris

� Being a major actor in sustainable development of Pari s area � as regards the preservation of the Seine, English C hannel and

North Sea;

What Sustainable Development means for the SIAAP ?

Horizons of Greater Paris

�A medium-term vision : 2030

�A long-term lighting : possible effects of climate change

�How to design the city today to be sustainable tomorrow?

Demographic evolution

54

9.6

8.0

8.2

8.4

8.6

8.8

9.0

9.2

9.4

9.6

9.8

10.0

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Nom

bre

d'ha

bita

nts

en m

illio

ns

SIAAP tendanciel SIAAP selon prévision INSEE

?

55

What water consumption?

510

52

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035Volume tendanciel Volume H1 Volume H2 Conso. tendancielle Conso. H1 Conso. H2

The possible effects of climate change

�Effects awaited from the middle of the century

� Incresased of average annual temperatures� Mid-century : + 1,5 °C à + 3°C

�Rainfalls : a decreasing trend

� Incresased evapotranspiration� Mid-century : + 16 %

�Decrease of rivers flows

More droughts

Consequences for sanitation ?

Seine's flowdecrease

Increase of pollutants loads at WWTP

Seine more fragile

More efficiencyMore reliability

5,3 t 4 t

A "scissors effect" related to possible effects climate change

Good status

Water price & Sanitation financing

�Uncertainties on the tax base�Cost of the drinking water a priori stabilized�Sanitation costs trending upward ;

� Continued efforts to contribute to the objectives o f the WFD

� Asset management

�Decrease of tax bases and increase of sanatiation cost = increase of the water bill

Towards a new governance?

�For a source control management :� Stormwater� Micropollutants

�To organize the city planification and its sanitation

Conclusions

�Main stakes :�To be able to keep the Seine river in good status�To adapt the governance of Paris area's

sanitation�To cope with the uncertanities on water

financing policy

Thank you for your attention

62Prix au m3

4,87 €/m3

Somme des taux4,46 €/m3