Water loss/ Leak Water loss/ Leak managementmanagement

JN BHAGWANJN BHAGWAN

IntroductionIntroduction

• WRC’s activities on water loss WRC’s activities on water loss management and efficient management and efficient use was initiated in the early use was initiated in the early 80’s80’s

• It is during period that It is during period that foresight and strategic foresight and strategic planning emphasised the planning emphasised the need for water conservation need for water conservation and demand management.and demand management.

• In a paradigm of supply driven In a paradigm of supply driven approaches and the looming approaches and the looming sexy Lesotho Highlands sexy Lesotho Highlands project on the cards, this project on the cards, this aspect received very little aspect received very little attention from the broader attention from the broader sector.sector.

• Against this background, the Against this background, the WRC persisted. WRC persisted.

What did we achieve ?What did we achieve ?

• The WRC introduce a number of The WRC introduce a number of studies to highlight and studies to highlight and demonstrate and quantify demonstrate and quantify inefficient use. Some of these inefficient use. Some of these include studies to determine :include studies to determine :– Water use in high, medium and Water use in high, medium and

low income areas, down to the low income areas, down to the detail of quantifying water usage detail of quantifying water usage for bathing, brushing teeth, for bathing, brushing teeth, flushing, washing, lawns etc.flushing, washing, lawns etc.

– Introduction and development of Introduction and development of technology to detect and technology to detect and determine water loss or leak determine water loss or leak detectiondetection

– Piloting and demonstrating Piloting and demonstrating these technologiesthese technologies

– Developing guidelines and Developing guidelines and strategies for WC/WDMstrategies for WC/WDM

– Education materials on Water Education materials on Water Conservation for householdsConservation for households

What has been the impact?What has been the impact?• Limited application Limited application

obtained over the obtained over the period pre new Water period pre new Water Act.Act.

• Much of the knowledge Much of the knowledge gained over this period gained over this period has contributed has contributed significantly to shaping significantly to shaping the new Water Act and the new Water Act and the Water Resources the Water Resources Strategy.Strategy.

• Data and information Data and information became important in became important in shaping water shaping water legislation towards legislation towards WC/WDMWC/WDM

Post new water legislationPost new water legislation• Further development of the Further development of the

BABE conceptsBABE concepts• Development of suite of state Development of suite of state

of the art tools and guidelinesof the art tools and guidelines– SANFLOWSANFLOW– ECONOLEAKECONOLEAK– BENCHLEAKBENCHLEAK– PRESMACPRESMAC

• South Africa regarded as South Africa regarded as leaders and concepts leaders and concepts developed finding application developed finding application internationally (USA, Australia, internationally (USA, Australia, Far East, Africa, UN etc.)Far East, Africa, UN etc.)

• New impetus seeing greater New impetus seeing greater application of research outputs application of research outputs in South Africain South Africa

• Water Loss management Water Loss management gaining importance and norm gaining importance and norm in the sector (JHB, Ethekweni, in the sector (JHB, Ethekweni, Cape Town, Kimberly, Odi Cape Town, Kimberly, Odi Moretele)Moretele)

Results of leakage Results of leakage management initiatives…….management initiatives…….

Formalised the concepts of leak managementFormalised the concepts of leak management

Emanates in the SABS Code of Practice 0132Emanates in the SABS Code of Practice 0132

Adopted in the Water Services Act and Norms and Adopted in the Water Services Act and Norms and Standards ( includes the use of water efficient and Standards ( includes the use of water efficient and

saving devices)saving devices)

Requirement in terms of the WSDPsRequirement in terms of the WSDPs

Sector application is happening…..Sector application is happening…..

Babe MethodologyBabe Methodology

BABE

METHODOLOGY

BABE

METHODOLOGY

Pressure Management

Pressure Management

Economics of leakageEconomics of leakage

Logging and Analysis of Minimum

Night Flows

Logging and Analysis of Minimum

Night Flows

Water Auditing and

Benchmarking of leakage

Water Auditing and

Benchmarking of leakage

BABE

METHODOLOGY

BABE

METHODOLOGY

PRESMAC

(2000)

PRESMAC

(2000)

ECONOLEAK

(2001)

ECONOLEAK

(2001)SANFLOW

(1999)

SANFLOW

(1999)

BENCHLEAK

(2001)

BENCHLEAK

(2001)

BABE CONCEPTSBABE CONCEPTS

O w nsS ources

W ater Im ported

S ystem Input

(a llow fo r

know n erro rs)

W ater S upplied

W ater E xported

A uthorisedC onsum ption

W ater Losses

U nbilled A uthorisedA pparentLosses

Real Losses

N on-revenueW ater

R evenueW ater

B illedA uthorised

C onsum ption

B illed Water E xported

B illed M ete red C onsum ption

B illed U nm etered C onsum ption

Unbilled M etered Consum ption

Unbilled Unmetered Consum ption

Unauthorised Consumption

Customer Metering Inaccuracies

Leakage on M ains

Leakage and O verflows at S torages

Leakage on S ervice Connectionsup to point of Custom er M eteringFig10.cdr

Utility Ref No.Utility Ref No. Unavoidable Annual Real LossesUnavoidable Annual Real Losses Infrastructure Leakage IndexInfrastructure Leakage Index

(M(Mll/yr)/yr) ((ll/conn /day)/conn /day) ILIILI

11 6 0866 086 5353 6.26.2

22 4 5104 510 4444 5.25.2

33 2 7222 722 4646 4.24.2

44 3 3223 322 5757 3.03.0

55 3 2023 202 8383 5.25.2

66 1 5761 576 4141 2.62.6

77 3 5263 526 121121 9.19.1

88 1 2371 237 4848 5.45.4

99 1 4521 452 5858 2.92.9

1010 1 7521 752 7070 4.34.3

1111 1 6821 682 7777 10.210.2

1212 1 0831 083 5151 3.43.4

1313 860860 5050 2.22.2

1414 604604 3939 4.64.6

1515 499499 3838 11.811.8

1616 722722 5858 3.73.7

1717 776776 6666 4.34.3

1818 829829 7373 4.44.4

ILI = Ratio of CARL to UARLILI = Ratio of CARL to UARLSA average = 7.0SA average = 7.0International average = 4International average = 4Ideal situation = 3 and belowIdeal situation = 3 and below

1919 349349 5353 9.49.4

2020 305305 5151 1.91.9

2121 190190 4949 17.517.5

2222 275275 7373 19.819.8

2323 203203 5858 2.92.9

2424 165165 4949 6.46.4

2525 119119 3737 2.02.0

2626 120120 5656 3.73.7

2727 113113 7373 10.010.0

2828 124124 8585 2.72.7

2929 3939 4040 6.56.5

3030 3333 5050 9.49.4

3131 2828 5858 4.44.4

3232 2121 4040 11.311.3

3333 2626 7373 1.01.0

3434 77 7474 17.017.0

AveragesAverages 1 1341 134 5959 6.46.4

Way AheadWay Ahead• Continue disseminate Continue disseminate

concepts and toolsconcepts and tools• Continue developing Continue developing

competency and capacity competency and capacity to achieve greater to achieve greater applicationapplication

• Huge opportunities for Huge opportunities for efficiency gains efficiency gains

• More emphasis and More emphasis and importance needed at a importance needed at a national levelnational level

• Further research into Further research into improving methods and improving methods and tools to make waterloss tools to make waterloss management more management more effectiveeffective