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Waste management & pollution control

What is Waste Management?

  Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or 

disposal, and monitoring of waste materials The term usually relates to materials

produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on

health, the environment or aesthetics.

Waste is generally defined as "something, which is not put into proper usage

at a given time". s the population increases, the amount of waste generated also

increases. The accumulation and improper disposal of waste leads to environmentalpollution and accelerates the spread of communicable diseases. !f the #,$$$ tones

of solid waste generated per day, only #,%# tones of waste gets to be treated.

Waste can generally be categori'ed according to its origin as

(. )omestic waste #. *ospital wastes. . +ndustrial waste.

  ll the cities and towns produce large amounts of solid waste whose disposal isthe main problem. very +ndian generates about #$ - $$ gm. of waste per day.

Mumbai, the largest garbage generator in +ndia, produces $$$ tons of waste per 

day. +mproper disposal of this waste results in diseases like diarrhea, malaria and

even epidemics like plague. +t provides a good breeding ground for vectors which

carry fatal diseases.

Waste management aims at curtailing the waste from the initial stage of 

production. Wastes could be managed by making the manufacturing process

efficient, reusing the waste generated and by recycling the waste products.

Types of waste management

(. olid waste /.food waste

#. )omestic waste .food waste

. +ndustrial waste 0. 1hemical waste

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Pollution

2ollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes

instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem  i.e. physical systems or 

living organisms

2ollution can take the form of chemical  substances, or energy, such as noise,

heat, or light. 2ollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or 

energies, or naturally occurring3 when naturally occurring, they are considered

contaminants when they e4ceed natural levels.

Types of pollution5

 ir 2ollution  Water 2ollution 

6and 2ollution  7oise 2ollution 

8adioactive 2ollution  Thermal 2ollution

olid waste may be classified based partly content & partly on moisture

& calorific value of its contents.

(. 9arbage5- moisture-:$; , calorific value5-04($0 <=kg#. 8ubbish5- moisture-#;, calorific value- (4($0  <=kg. 2athological wastes5- moisture-%;, calorific value-#.4($0  <=kg

/. +ndustrial waste.. gricultural waste

olid waste is ma>or source of pollution such as air, water and

land.

To understand more about waste management we planned a visit to compost

plant of 7asik municipal named as solid waste management@ which is one of the

successful plants not only in Maharashtra but also in +ndia 

olid waste5-

 olid Waste is that material that arises from various human activities and which is

normally discarded as useless or unwanted. +t consists of the highly heterogeneous

mass of discarded materials from the urban community as well as the more

homogeneous accumulation of agricultural, industrial and mining waste. Waste is

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material, which is one cause to produce pollution. )ue to this various type of waste,

atmospheric pollution percentage is increased. Therefore waste management is

important in our life.

!b>ective of solid waste management5

(. +mprove planning and management of solid waste sites in rural areas.

#. 8educe or eliminate pollution of water resources in rural areas. 

The Aive tep Waste Management nalysis

 nalysis

The first step in the process involves developing a waste management solution that

meets the customersB reCuirements and continually monitoring the solution over time

1ollection

The visibility of the service provided by Wanless is viewed at the time of waste

collection. The waste management solution will indicate the type of vehicle reCuiredto service the bin.

Transportation

Wanless nviro ervices is largely a transportation company3 providing a courier 

service for waste resources. Wanless employs a fleet of vehicles to waste and

recycling collections5 front lift trucks, rear lift trucks, and hook trucks.

Recovery

The waste that Wan less collects is transported to a processing facility, commonly

called 8esource 8ecovery 1enters D881E or Material 8ecovery Aacility DM8AE.

These facilities sort the waste resources that are collected using both automated and

manual processes. !nce the items are sorted into piles of like materials, the

resources are packaged for transportation to the ne4t phase - recyclable items are

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sent to a recycling facility3 or non-recyclable items or general waste is disposed at

landfill.

Recycling / Disposal

)epending on the type of material will depend on whether it is recycled or 

disposed of at landfill. Wan less makes all attempts to ensure recyclable waste is

recycled and is diverted away from landfill. 7on 8ecyclables like 9eneral Waste are

disposed of at landfill

olid waste management system of 7asik municipal

2rocess is mainly conducted in to three parts5-

(. 2rocessing platform5-

The every incoming garbage this about #$$ tones and 0$$-%$$ gm per ton of 

Fio-culture is spread on the garbage and accumulated.

 fter weekGs time the same garbage which is sprayed by bio-culture is placed

to some other place from its original place. The above process is followed from /

times that means for $ days. )uring this process the composition takes place and

moisture is maintained by pouring water and leachet.

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When the complete process from the above is followed we get /$; of 

compost from ($$; of garbage. )uring processing of waste, the high amount of 

leachet is leave as a bi-product which is highly methane contains which ha'ardous to

environment it should be treated by sewage treatment plant.

1ogeneration5-with the help of sewage treatment plant, methane is obtained which is

stored and use as a fuel for gas generator. This generator produce electricity

#. Machinery or screening section5

  !n going through above process same garbage is passed mm screening

machine and after that (0mm screening machine and due to this unwanted garbage

is thrown in side. Aor the further compostment the same garbage is kept in the go

down for ( days. nd again is passed through mm screening machine. With the

help of blower fine stones, iron breakouts are separated. Ainally $kg of compost is

filled in gunny bag for sealing in market.

. 6andfill site5

  The unwanted materials which were thrown out during the screening which

are made of synthetic material also. re gathered together in landfill site. ccording

to the norms of#$$$ this landfill site is selected a pothole is made and after this a

thin polythen sheet is placed over the sheet. Then a layer of pebbles is put. Then the

unwanted garbage is placed over the layer of pebbles gain same process +. e. (

foot pebbles putting over (m layer of garbage and the polythene is placed over it, in

such a way that a packing is formed. When the packing is done, pipes are placed at

($ foot for the air circulation DventilationE and for the discharge of the methane gas to

the atmosphere.

  +f pipes are not provided, in the summer season the packing will absorb the

heat which internally will start heating the garbage also. o if the temperature in the

packing i.e. garbage reach up to :$-:1. +t will give a cause to burning of the

packing.

1ollecting garbage and its transportation5

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  s we all are aware that from the complete garbage only /$; is converted

in to the compost & 0$; is the leftover. *ence the government suggests all the

civilians to keep two garbage cans5-

( +n which the compost garbage can be thrown.

#. The leftover garbage can is thrown.

)ue to the above procedure the composted garbage can directly be taken to the

landfill site, which will help in reducing the cost of the plant.

)umping-yard processing platform5

+n the rainy season there are more chance of getting a higher percentage of 

compost material about $;-0$;. The garbage which is wet con not be screened

for the landfill land. When the rain water fall on this, latchet water come out of it

which is in high amount-due to this water is flown to the wells & bore wells & land.

This causes pollution of water .

olid waste plant selection criteria5

The site selected for the compost plant is where there are no gutters around.

ome time the latchet water is in such a Cuantity that even the sewage treatment

plant cannot work over it3 hence the planting has to be done for from the rivers, wells

& blowers.

The sewage treatment plant is used only for / months and % months it is off.

)ue to this there is a possibility of the machine breakdown & maintenance of this

machine is costly. o, it is not suitable for regular process.

There is one solution from getting away from the latchet is to build a shed over the

garbage material. o, as to decrease the cost.

1omposting machinery plant5

)uring the use of machinery maintenance period is reCuired & at the time all

machinery work is stop while daily work remain rest nd conseCuently the amount of 

waste is increases out of limit for there stand by machinery should install as

reCuired. +n this plant the production of compost is made to recover cost of waste

management.

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Aactor consideration while planting compost plant5

1. tandby screening machine.

#. tandby vehicle.

. tandby supply of electricity.

/. 2lant should fully have roof on platform, screening section.

. deCuate no of workers.

0. Ma4imum help of ragpeakars.

:. To overcome the cost of plant, all citi'en and ragpeakars should participate and

dry waste should be stored in separately. nd should be collected by ghantagadi

also separately.

%. 2lant established should be such as to complete regular routine within % hours.

 Worker strength5

The environment of plant is fully dusted so the care should be taken with the health.

 ccording to nature of man it avoid the work in such plant or they not give fulfill of 

there work. ll the staff and worker should provide the medical facilities, incentive,&

increment in their salary.

tatistical data of 7asik Municipal 1orporation5 1ompost plant turns over 

from #$$(-#$$:

1haracteristic of municipal solid waste of 7asik5

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1onclusion5

Waste management plant is not only functioning to manage the waste but also to

open the source of income in the form of compost, biogas, combustible bricks, etc.

having demand in market. +t can be established by private organi'ation as it is easy

to produce compost. The concept and this pro>ect are very useful and is certainly a

lucrative area for upcoming entrepreneurs.

Reference:-

1. www.wikipedia.in

2. www. Gdrc.org 

3. Web.worldank.org 

4. www.envfor.nic.in

5. Basic civil and environmenal engineering. ! www.ec"ma#books.com $

%. &asik '(nicipal )orporaion* &asik 

 

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