Sources of Waste

PRESENTED BY ME

What is waste?

• -Any material that is discarded and is no longer useful or any remains at the

end of a process

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Kinds of Wastes-

Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial wastes

Examples: plastics, containers, bottles,

cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash

Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing

industries and other sources

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Sources of Wastes

Households

Commerce and

Industry

Chemicals

Radio-active

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Sources of Wastes

Agriculture

Fisheries

• Sludge refers to the residual, semi-solid material left from industrial wastewater, or sewage treatment processes.

• a hillock of waste matter from coal mining, etc: slag heap• are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable

fraction from the uneconomic fraction(tailing)• A slurry is a thin sloppy mud or cement

Water - Impurities

Air - CO, CO2, SO2,

dust, etc.,

Land - Waste from Agriculture , sewage, etc., Food - Adulterants

Disposed plastics

• The pneumonic plaque that broke out in November 1994 in India is a typical example of solid waste mismanagement.

Non-degradable or persistent in nature;

Biologically modified;Highly toxic and even lethal at low concentration;Create danger to the living

community, immediately or over a period of time

& are hazardous

Effect of Waste

Domestic waste

Wastes generated due to domestic activities

Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather, wood, glass, metals, ashes, .bottles ,cotton, rags or any kitchen waste

INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Examples:• Chemicals, paints , sand

paper or any industrial by-products

.Sulphur dioxide ,nitrogen dioxide emissions cause health hazards

These are waste from various industries (small or large scale)

These waste are considered useless during a manufacturing process

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Source

Some mining process . Large volumes of chemicals and liquids. Leaching of metals add metal content into rivers ground water etc

Waste generated during mining & excavation operations. These are toxic & hazardous

Mining

Dust emitted is a health hazard

Produce coarse and fine particles

cement

Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, pipes, rubble, bricks etc.

Sulphur compounds &hydro carbons

Waste generation due to demolition of buildings.

waste generated from petrochemical plant & refineries

Construction and Demolition

Oil refineries

Different industries and waste products

Chemical wastes• Extensive use of chemicals for

industrial and agricultural purposes .• Detergents, Fertilizers, Toxic metals

in industrial waste and Soil based technology are the main source.

• Cadmium, Mercury, Chromium, lead, Arsenic and Barium are some of the toxic pollutants

Types of solid wastes The three general types are Municipal or urban wastes

Industrial wastes

Hazardous wastes

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Municipal waste

Bio-degradable

can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)

Non-biodegradable

cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,

cans, containers and others)

Agricultural waste

Field residue

• Materials left in an agricultural field after the crops are harvested

• Examples• Wheat,barley stalks from

corn etc

Process residue

• Materials left after the crops are being processed into some useful products.

• Examples• Bagasse : left over after

the cane is crushed , molasses, seeds

Bio medical waste

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

• treatment • diagnosis ( process of

attempting to determine or identify a possible disease or disorder) or

• immunization( process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine)

Bio-medical wastes include

• Needles , syringes , pathological wastes ( blood , body fluids ,body parts etc)

• Waste form surgery or autopsy (An autopsy—also known as a postmortem examination)

• Discarded medical instruments

Why great care should be taken while disposing bio- medical waste?

• If the bio-medical wastes are not properly managed and disposed off, they can lead to further spread of the diseases.

• The disease risk from these wastes increases also the risks of chemical pollution increases.

PRECAUTIONS:

•  • All the disposable items

other than waste sharps(device used to puncture the skin), saline bottles, I-V (intra venous) fluid bottles(used for  the infusion of liquid substances directly into a vein). etc. shall be punctured before being sent for treatment.

•  

• Bio-medical Waste must be kept in segregated storage in coloured plastic bags with mouths securely tied and

• transfer it to the central intermediate storage room located in a convenient position of the health care unit.

nuclear wastes

• It is a waste generated by the nuclear energy industry and include substances which are used in cooling & storing nuclear fuels

• The radiations from radioactive substances –prolonged exposure results in damage to the living organisms and they contaminate air, water and land.

Nuclear waste storage

Nuclear fuel process

Nuclear fuel

What is it?

• (Nuclear fuel is a material that can be 'consumed' by nuclear fission( nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts) or fusion to derive nuclear energy. The most common are uranium-235 (235U) and plutonium-239)

Radio active elements

Uranium 235

Plutonium 239

• What are the

sources of nuclear

waste?

• The leakage of nuclear

radiations from nuclear

reactors & nuclear

research laboratories is

a significant source of

nuclear waste .

How is it harmful ?• It is harmful as it percolates down through

the soil into groundwater reservoirs or is carried into streams and rivers

• Radiation emissions are extremely harmful/injurious

Why there is a need to handle radio-active waste

carefully? • Nuclear wastes must be handled properly as these radiations when emitted remain may prove to be dangerous for thousands of years.