radioactive waste management policies-strategies-waste management plans
TRANSCRIPT
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Date
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANGEMENT POLICIES,
STRATEGIES AND WASTE PLANS
Alan CarolissenSenior Manager: Nuclear Liabilities Management
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What is POLICY ? What is STRATEGY ?
• POLICY“established goals or requirements forthe safe management of spent fuel andradioactive waste”
• STRATEGY“means and processes for achieving the goals and requirements set out in the national policies for the safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste”
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• POLICY
WHAT ?
• STRATEGY
HOW ?
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What is POLICY ? What is STRATEGY ?
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FORMULATING NATIONAL POLICIES (1/5)• POLICIES ADDRESS OBJECTIVES IAEA Safety Fundamentals (SS-111-F) Protection of human health Protection of the environment Protection beyond national borders Protection of and burden on future generations National legal framework Minimization of radioactive waste generation Radioactive waste management
interdependencies Safety of facilities
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FORMULATING NATIONAL POLICIES (2/5)
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• ADDRESS PRINCIPLES & OBJECTIVES
“The polluter pays” principle
Sustainabilitye.g end-points for long-term RW management, infrastructure, etc.
Openness and transparencye.g. public information, stakeholders’ involvement
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FORMULATING NATIONAL POLICIES (3/5)
• COMPLIANCE WITH• National Legislation• Regulations• International conventions, treaties, agreements• Other requirements, e.g. import / export of RW
• COHERENCE WITH• Other national policies,
e.g. on energy production and development
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FORMULATING NATIONAL POLICIES (4/5)
• Established by National Authorities
• May be adopted through public debates, e.g. public hearings
• Formulated through • national legislation• or• policy statement
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FORMULATING NATIONAL POLICIES (5/5)• In general, national policies prescribe
• Roles and responsibilities• Organization and governance• Provisions for public and environment protection, safety, security, non
proliferation• Funding mechanisms, financial arrangements• Liabilities• Road map
• Decision-making process
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INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS (TREATIES, AGREEMENTS,
CONVENTIONS)
NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES (ENERGY POLICY, RESOURCES, RW
INVENTORY)
NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE SYSTEM
NATIONAL RWM INFRASTRUCTURE
FUNDING SYSTEM
GOVERNMENTPARLIAMENT
FORMULATE POLICY STATEMENT
IMPLEMENT POLICY MINISTRIESREGULATORS
RWM AGENCY and GENERATORS
ELABORATE STRATEGY
IMPLEMENT STRATEGY
TECH. INFRASTRUCTURE, RESOURCES, TIME CONSTRAINTS
TECHNICAL OPTIONS
1-6 y
2-8 y
2-8 y
15-50 y
INTER-RELATIONSHIP POLICY / STRATEGY
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WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
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DEVELOPING RWM STRATEGIES (1/5)
• ASSESSING THE CURRENT SITUATION Identify all RW waste types, sources and streams
Establish RW inventories based on waste classification / categorization
Identify available methods, facilities andresources (human, technical, financial)
Identify issues, gaps and weaknesses of the existing RWM
system
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• RADIOACTIVE WASTE TYPES to be considered
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DEVELOPING RWM STRATEGIES (2/5)
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DEVELOPING RWM STRATEGIES (3/5)
DEFINING LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT END-POINTS FOR RW Estimate future waste arising
Select preferred disposal solution for eachwaste class
Assess needs for research and development
Assess needs for institutional framework
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SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND REQUIREMENTS
HLW ILW LLW VLLW VSLW
WASTE TYPES AND DISPOSAL OPTIONS
REGULATORY ASPECTSTECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
ECONOMICSSOCIETAL ISSUES
MANAGEMENT OPTIONS – TREATMENT & DISPOSAL
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SELECTING RWM STRATEGIES Consider all RWM steps from “cradle to grave” Evaluate and compare possible technical options for RW
pre-disposal and disposal, e.g. short-term vs long-term storage
or national vs regional disposal Assess feasibility of each possible strategy in terms of
resources needed (human, technical, financial) Assess time scales and consider staged approaches to
implementation
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IMPLEMENTING RWM STRATEGIES (4/5)
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IMPLEMENTING RWM STRATEGIES (5/5)
Some prerequisites for successful implementation of RWM strategies Adequate institutional framework including regulatory
infrastructure in place Clear allocation of responsibilities and appropriate
organization established Funding mechanism defined Strategies commensurate with the country’s technical
capabilities and financial resources Open and transparent decision-making process, in particular
for disposal Long-term plans for energy development considered
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Management Options For Spent Fuel• Long Term Storage• Reprocessing and recycling• Disposal • Fuel leasing/Fuel Take Back• Retention of spent fuel as a valuable commodity
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Strategies For Spent Fuel• Long term storage Disposal • Long Term storage R&R Disposal• Reprocessing & recycling - Disposal • Direct Disposal• Fuel leasing /Tack Back• Retention of spent fuel as a valuable commodity
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Date
WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANS
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Framework for development of Waste Management Plans
• Identification all site specific waste streams• Identification of end points for each waste stream• Identification of waste processing options for each
waste stream as well as steps for each option• Evaluation and selection of options in a balanced
and systematic way – multi-attribute analysis approach
• Stakeholder involvement and acceptance of plan
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Principles
• Aimed at optimization of processes from generation to disposal (Cradle to Grave)
• Hierarchy for selection of WM options– Waste prevention and minimization– Clearance– Re-use, reprocessing and recycling– Conditioning and storage– Disposal
• Continual improvement• Final disposal ultimate step - storage interim step• Maximum degree of safety – storage and disposal
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Identification of End Points
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U Recoverable
Recycle & Reused
Can the waste be cleared?
Very Low Level Waste
Intermediate Level Waste
Low Level Waste
High Level Waste
Will the waste meet safety
requirements for intrusionin a low level
facility?
Will the waste meet safety
requirements for intrusionin a landfill
facility?
Will the waste meet safety
requirements for publicin a landfill
facility?
Will the waste meet safety
requirements for publicin a low level
facility?
Will the waste meet safety
requirements for publicin an intermediate
facility?
Conventional wastedisposal
Storage for decay
Radioactive waste Cat
Is the waste high volume NORM
waste?
Does the Waste need storage
For decay?
Will the waste meet safety
requirements for intrusionin a landfill
facility?
Will the waste meet safety
requirements for publicin a landfill
facility?
Will the waste meet safety
requirements for intrusionin a tailings
facility?
Very Low Level NORM
Waste
Low Level NORM
Waste
Intermediate Level NORM
Waste
Will the waste meet safety
requirements for publicin a tailings
facility?
Yes
Yes
Yes YesYesYes
YesYes Yes Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
NoNo
No
No
NoNo No
NoNo
No
No
LANDFILLDISPOSAL
NEAR SURFACE
LOW LEVELDISPOSAL
INTERMEDIATE DISPOSAL
GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL
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ID of Wastestreams
Wastemanagement
options
Evaluation of Waste
ManagementOptions
Cos
t effe
ctiv
enes
s
Tech
nolo
gy
Safe
ty
Envi
ronm
enta
l
Selection of Waste
Management OptionsBPEO
Developmentof Waste
Management Plan
Publ
ic C
onsu
ltatio
n
Evaluation and Approval
of plan byNational
Committee
Identification and selection of Predisposal Waste Processing Options
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Evaluation Criteria– Cost effectiveness
• life cycle cost of waste– Operational feasibility
• Existing or new technology• International best practice• Regulatory implications or difficulty• Ease of operation
– Environmental and Social Acceptability• Public safety impact• Perceived risk and social acceptability• Environmental impact• Continual improvement potential.
– Safety• Worker safety impact• Public safety impact• Accident risk• Safety impact reduction potential
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Waste Management Plan
U Compressible LLW CompactionIncinerationShredding
Evaluation of Waste
ManagementOptions
Cos
t effe
ctiv
enes
s
Tech
nolo
gy
Safe
ty
Envi
ronm
enta
l
Selection of Waste
Management OptionsBPEO
CompactionInterim Storage
Disposal at Vaapluts
Publ
ic C
onsu
ltatio
n
Evaluation and Approval
of plan byNational
Committee
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