Washington &

AdamsU.S. HISTORY CH 7: LAUNCHING THE NATION

1.The Constitution: A Brief Review

At the Constitutional

Convention, the

Virginia Plan

included a proposal

for separation of

powers into three

branches of

government.

2.Constitution & Great Compromise

At the Constitutional

Convention, held in

Philadelphia in 1787,

delegates agreed to

compromise on what

formula should be used

for Congressional

representation.

3.Constitution & Federalism

The principle of

Federalism deals

with the division of

power between the

national and state

governments.

4.Constitution: Checks & Balances

The three branches of government each check the other to make sure that a balance of power exists between the branches. EX: The President nominates a justice to the Supreme Court, who the Senate will confirm.

5.Constitution: Amendment Process

The Constitution of

the United States is a

living document that

can be amended, or

changed, adjusting

to changing times.

6.Problems of Early Republic

Creating a stable

economic system

Defining authority of

the national

government

Maintaining national

security

7.Federalism and the Constitution

Federalists said the

Constitution should be

interpreted loosely,

according to historical

and social changes.

8.Washington becomes 1st U.S.

President

George Washington,

former commander

of the Continental

Army during the

American

Revolution, became

the nation’s first

President in 1789.

9.Jefferson vs. Hamilton

Jefferson, an Anti-

Federalist, believed

in a strict

construction

(interpretation) of

the Constitution.

10.Jefferson vs. Hamilton

Secretary of the Treasury

Hamilton proposed a plan

to respond and deal with

the country’s economic

problems:

Create a national bank

Impose a whiskey tax

Repay federal and state

debts

11.Jefferson vs. Hamilton

Hamilton’s economic plan

was designed to help build

the national economy.

With the creation of the

national bank, state debt

was assumed, and the

nation was put on firm

financial footing.

12.Jefferson vs. Hamilton

Jefferson wanted to

expand states’ rights.

Hamilton would have

rejected states’ rights over

a strong federal

government.

13.Jay’s Treaty

Jay’s Treaty kept U.S.

out of war with

Britain.

Washington did not

like the treaty but

believed it was the

best that could be

done.

14.Foreign policy

Washington adopted a

position of neutrality in

foreign relations.

In April 1793, he issued

the Proclamation of

Neutrality saying the U.S.

would not take sides in

the war between

England and France.

15.Foreign policy

“Tis our true policy to

steer clear of

permanent Alliances.”

Washington warned

against U.S. involvement

in European conflicts.

16.Foreign policy

Washington influenced

American foreign

policy. The U.S.

attempted to remain

neutral with foreign

powers through the 19th

century.

17.Pinckney Treaty

The Pinckney Treaty

addressed settlers’

disputes over Florida

with Spain.

18.Judiciary Act

During the

Washington

Administration, the

passage of the

Judiciary Act set up

the federal courts

system.

19.Whiskey Rebellion

Washington used the

state militia to put

down the Whiskey

Rebellion

He demonstrated that

the new national

government intended

to enforce federal

laws.

20.Political parties

Political parties

developed in the early

republic due to the

disagreement over the

role and strength of the

national government.

21.Political parties

“(Political parties) serve to distract the public and (weaken the government).” –President Washington

Washington disagreed with Madison over the necessity of political parties.

22.Washington sets a precedent

George Washington

set an important

precedent by

stepping down as

President after two

terms in office.

23.Washington’s Farewell Address

He wanted the

nation to avoid

forming alliances

with foreign nations.

24.Adams becomes President

John Adams was

Washington’s Vice

President. He became

the 2nd President of the

United States. He had

been a leading patriot

during the American

Revolution.

25.Alien and Sedition Acts

Adams’ controversial

Alien and Sedition

Acts restricted

citizens from

criticizing the

government.

26.Alien and Sedition Acts

Congress passed the

Alien and Sedition Acts

in response to the “XYZ

Affair” and threats to

national security.

Newspaper editors were

punished for their

criticism of the

government.

27.Jefferson becomes 3rd President

Thomas Jefferson

became the 3rd

President of the

United States in 1800.

Stay tuned for next

chapter in U.S.

History!

QUESTIONS

Who are the first

three U.S. Presidents

in order of the terms

served?

ANSWER:

Slides #s 8, 24, 27

QUESTIONS

What did Congress pass

in response to the “XYZ

Affair?”

ANSWER:

Slide #26

QUESTIONS

What did President

Washington warn the

United States to avoid?

ANSWER:

Slide #23

QUESTIONS

What does the principle

of Federalism deal with?

ANSWER:

Slide #3

QUESTIONS

What did George

Washington and James

Madison disagree

about?

ANSWER:

Slide #21

QUESTIONS

How did Federalists

interpret the text of the

Constitution?

ANSWER:

Slide #7

QUESTIONS

Which issue would be

supported by Thomas

Jefferson, an Anti-

Federalist?

ANSWER:

Slide #12

QUESTIONS

What were some

problems faced by

leaders during the early

years of the republic?

ANSWER:

Slide #6

QUESTIONS

What did President

Washington

demonstrate when he

used the state militia to

put down the Whiskey

Rebellion?

ANSWER

Slide #19

QUESTIONS

Why did political parties

develop during the

early republic?

ANSWER:

Slide #2O

Study and Good Luck!

TEST IS FRIDAY