WARM-UP / EOC PREP

1) The random distribution of homologous chromosomes during the metaphase of meiosis is called what?A. Crossing over B. BuddingC. Independent assortment D. Mutation

2) Put the following terms in order from smallest to largest:

Chromosomes, DNA, genes, nucleusA. DNA, nucleus, chromosomes, genes B. genes, chromosomes, nucleus, DNAC. DNA, genes, chromosomes, nucleusD. DNA, chromosomes, genes, nucleus

AGENDA

Warm-UpMutation PracticeNotes- Reviewing GeneticsAlien Encounter!Cool-Down

MUTATION PRACTICE

Name the correct mutation!Normal Gene: ACA TCA CCG

Mutation # 1: ACG TCA CCGMutation # 2: ACA ACT CCGMutation # 3: AAT CAC CG

MUTATION PRACTICE

Name the correct mutation!Normal Gene: TCG CCG ACG

Mutation # 1: TCT GCC GAC GMutation # 2: TCG CCG CCG ACGMutation # 3: GCC GCT ACG

GENETICS REVIEW

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA codes for proteins – the central key to cell function and life.

DNA REPLICATION The process allows daughter cells to

have an exact copy of parental DNA. The daughter strands are made of one

“old” and one “new” strand. Mutations are changes in the DNA

code. DNA replication happens during the

Synthesis phase of Interphase (S phase)

Relatively weak hydrogen bonds allow the DNA strands to separate and then rebind during replication.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS- DNA TRANSCRIPTION

Transcription produces an RNA copy of DNA, which is further modified into the three types of RNA.

mRNA travels to the ribosome (rRNA)

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS- TRANSLATION

Translation – the process of making proteins from mRNA .

tRNA supplies appropriate amino acids to the ribosome.

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds form polypeptides (amino acid chains) which are folded into proteins.

Copy down “Flow of Genetic Information” concept map from whiteboard!

COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIR RULES

DNA to complementary DNA strand (during DNA replication)A – TT – AC – GG – C

Example: ACT CTA ACG CAC GTT CCT

COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIR RULES

DNA to complementary mRNA strand (during DNA transcription)A – UT – AC – GG – C

Example: ACT CTA ACG TTC ACG GCA

COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIR RULES

mRNA to complementary DNA strand (during reverse transcription)U – AA – TC – GG – C

Example: ACU CUA UCG CUA UAC GGA

COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIR RULES

mRNA to tRNA (codon to complementary anti-codon sequence ) A – UU – AC – GG – C

Example: UGA CGU UAC GUA CAU CCG

COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIR RULES

mRNA to amino acid chain (during translation)

Example: ACU AUC UUC CGA CCC GAC

GENE REGULATION

All of an organism’s cells have the same DNA but differ based on the expression of genes.

Multicellular organisms have differentiated cells.

Cells respond to their environment by producing different types and amounts of protein.

Overproduction, underproduction, or production of proteins at the incorrect times can have advantages (injury repair) and disadvantages (cancer).

ALIEN ENCOUNTERS

Complete the Alien Encounter activity after being given your own DNA sequence.

Follow the instructions given on the paper.

You will be transcribing, translating, and determining traits of your own alien.

Check your results with me before you begin drawing your alien.

COOL-DOWN

1- The purpose of replication is to take _________ and make ___________.

2- The purpose of transcription is to take _________ and make ___________.

3- The purpose of translation is to take _________ and make ___________.