WARM-UP – DEFINE THE FOLLOWINGWARM-UP – DEFINE THE FOLLOWING

• Totalitarian State:• Dictator:• Fascism:• Nationalism:

DICTATORS AND THEIR SYSTEMSDICTATORS AND THEIR SYSTEMSPLUSH | Mr. Goddard | April 2009PLUSH | Mr. Goddard | April 2009

KEY CONCEPTSKEY CONCEPTS

• Totalitarian State: Government in which a one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives.

• Dictator: Ruler who has complete control over a government

• Fascism – political movement that preached intense nationalism and racism.

• Nationalism – Intense pride in ones country.

ELEMENTS OF A DICTATORSHIPELEMENTS OF A DICTATORSHIP

Education and the media(newspapers, radio, film etc) are strictly controlled

by the Government

One person - the ‘Dictator’ -

holds all of the power in the country

So no elections are heldbecause the Dictator does

not allow people to choose who they want to

run their country

Anyone who is considered to be an enemy of the Dictator

and his political party would be persecuted

Only one political party is allowed to exist - the

Dictator is the leader of this party, and the party helps

him to run the country

Dictators rely upon a large, strong and loyal army to help them to maintain their power

What is a Dictator-

ship?

COMMUNISM VERSUS FASCISMCOMMUNISM VERSUS FASCISM

Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule

Fascism

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNISMELEMENTS OF COMMUNISM

Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule

Fascism

• antidemocratic

• hopes for international change• enemies of fascism• supported by urban and agricultural workers• all businesses state owned

ELEMENTS OF FASCISMELEMENTS OF FASCISMCommunism Similarities of

Totalitarian RuleFascism

• antidemocratic

• hopes for international change

• enemies of fascism

• supported by urban and agricultural workers

• all businesses state owned

• antidemocratic and nationalistic

• enemies of communists

• supported by business leaders, wealthy landowners and middle class

• all businesses individually owned but state controlled

BOTH ARE TOTALITARIANBOTH ARE TOTALITARIAN

Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule

Fascism

• antidemocratic

• hopes for international change

• enemies of fascism

• supported by urban and agricultural workers

• all businesses state owned

• single party dictatorship

• state control of the economy

• use of police spies and terror for control

• strict censorship and government monopoly of the media

• indoctrination of youth

• unquestioning obedience to a single leader

• antidemocratic and nationalistic

• enemies of communists

• supported by business leaders, wealthy landowners and middle class

• all businesses individually owned but state controlled

WORLD WIDE DEPRESSIONWORLD WIDE DEPRESSION

•Millions become Millions become unemployed worldwide. unemployed worldwide.

•Businesses go bankrupt.Businesses go bankrupt.•Governments take Governments take

emergency measures to emergency measures to protect economies.protect economies.

•Citizens lose faith in Citizens lose faith in capitalism and democracy. capitalism and democracy.

•Nations turn toward Nations turn toward authoritarian leaders.authoritarian leaders.

Immediate EffectsImmediate Effects

• Nazis take control in Nazis take control in Germany.Germany.

• Fascists come to power in Fascists come to power in other countries.other countries.

• Democracies try social Democracies try social welfare programs.welfare programs.

• Japan expands in East Asia.Japan expands in East Asia.• World War II breaks outWorld War II breaks out.

Long-Term EffectsLong-Term Effects

Main Point - The Great Depression had ruined economies in Europe. Many Europeans turned to new leaders to solve their problems. Who were these leaders?

2020THTH CENTURY DICTATORS CENTURY DICTATORS

• The Fascists• Benito Mussolini-

Italy• Adolph Hitler-

Germany• Fransico Franco-

Spain• Juan Peron-

Argentina

• The Communists• Joseph Stalin - USSR• Mao Zedong- China• Ho Chi Minh-

Vietnam• Fidel Castro- Cuba• Tito- Yugoslavia

ITALY - MUSSOLINIITALY - MUSSOLINI• Italy in a deep financial

depression after WWI• Mussolini promised order

and prosperity• Introduced “fascism”• Fascism: characterized by

dictatorship, centralized control of private enterprise, repression of opposition, and extreme nationalism

• Used “Black Shirts” to impose his rule.

• Invades Ethiopia• Makes a pact with Hitler

SPAIN - FRANCOSPAIN - FRANCO

• Fascist who overthrows the democratic government.

• resulted from a civil war with communists

• Long Civil War in Spain before WWII where he was aided by Italy and Germany

• Spain does not participate in WWII

GERMANY - HITLERGERMANY - HITLER• Weimar Republic politically

weak and unpopular• Huge inflation• Two revolutions against

Weimar Republic. Once Hitler tried to seize power unsuccessfully. Went to jail.

• Huge inflation and Great Depression

• Hitler forms Nazi Party, promises reform, is elected as Chancellor in 1933

• Becomes dictator by 1934

HITLER CONT.HITLER CONT.• Totalitarian State – Nazis

controlled all.• Huge public works programs• Big business and labor under

government control• Built up military• Set aside Versailles Treaty

and moved military into the Rhineland

• Indoctrinated the youth• Hitler despised Christianity

and began to close churches • Jews were persecuted as

enemies of the state

SOVIET UNION - STALINSOVIET UNION - STALIN• The Communist dictator of the

Soviet Union.• the Communist dictator took

over upon the death of Vladimir Lenin (led the Communist takeover of Russia in 1917.)

• His government tried to control every aspect of life in the nation.

• Ownership of production and land by the state

• Forced rapid industrialization• Cruel purges- killed many

people

JAPAN – TOJO & HIROHITO JAPAN – TOJO & HIROHITO

• Japan – The military was gaining more and more power with army General Hideki Tojo having more power than the Emperor Hirohito.

• Military leaders took control of gov’t

• Invaded Manchuria• Tried to expand in the Pacific

EmperorHirohito

General Hideki TojoPrime Minister

FACTORS THAT STARTED WWIIFACTORS THAT STARTED WWII

• WWI (the harsh conditions of the Treaty of Versailles)

• Dictators come to power in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union

• Severe economic problems exist in Europe and Asia.

• Italy, Germany, and Japan expand their territory.

• The policy of appeasement fails.

• Germany invades Poland.

• Japanese attack the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor

Long Term Factors Short Term

MAIN POINTSMAIN POINTS

• The rise of dictators in Europe and Asia led to World War II.

• Aggressive leaders still threaten peace today.