Warm-Up“A major 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck southern Haiti in Jan 2010, knocking down buildings and power lines and inflicting a catastrophe for the Western Hemisphere's poorest nation.”

…However, a 7.0 magnitude has

also hit California without causing

as much damage.

Why do you think Haiti had more damage even though the earthquake was the same intensity?*Explain using a 5+ sentence paragraph

Haiti and Chile: A Tale of Two Earthquakes

“The 8.8-magnitude earthquake that hit Chile early on Feb. 27 was 500 times stronger than the 7.0 quake that killed an estimated 200,000 Haitians last month. And yet the number of casualties in Chile appears to be exponentially smaller, with the official death toll still in the hundreds. Far fewer people were rendered homeless than in Haiti, and much of the telephone service in Santiago and parts of central Chile had been restored within five hours”

What type of destruction occurs from Earthquakes?

LANDSLIDES

FIRES

TSUNAMIS

Destruction from Earthquakes• Tsunamis:

– A tsunami triggered by an earthquake occurs where a slab of the ocean floor is displaced vertically along a fault.

– It can also occur when the vibration of a quake sets an underwater landslide in motion.

• Landslides:– With many earthquakes, the

greatest damage to structures is from landslides and ground subsidence, or the sinking of the ground triggered by vibrations.

– Liquefaction occurs when soil loses its strength and behaves like a liquid, causing foundations to collapse.

• Fires:– The greatest destruction is often

caused by fires when gas and electrical lines are cut and water lines are also broken, so the fire can’t be stopped.

– More than 100,000 people died in fires from a 1923 earthquake in Japan.

Announcements

• Last opportunity to complete Unit 2 Test corrections (after finishing Unit 3 Test)

• Tutoring after-school today (Thursday) from 2:30-4:30pm– Unit 3 Test Preparation– Unit 1, 2, & 3 Make-up assignments & labs

• Be sure to complete all unfinished review assignments & study, study, study!!!

Test Overview-50 Questions

• Layers of the Earth & Convection (10 Qs)

• Plate Boundaries (10 Qs)

• Volcanoes (10 Qs)

• Earthquake Anatomy (10 Qs)

• Earthquake Waves (10 Qs)

• Must complete all Unit 3 Review Assignments before test

• Plate Tectonics/Pangaea• Lithosphere (crust + upper mantle)• Asthenosphere (semi-solid mantle)• Crust (oceanic/continental)• Mantle • Convection currents (Density)• Core• Convergent Boundary (mountains,

subduction zone, ocean trenches, volcanoes)

• Divergent Boundary (oceanic ridges,

rift valleys)• Transform Boundary (EQs)

• Elastic Rebound Theory• Shield Volcano• Cinder Cone Volcano• Composite Cone Volcano• Viscosity (3 factors)• Caldera• Lava plateau• Volcanic neck• Pyroclastic materials• Seismograph• P waves (primary)• S waves (secondary)• Surface waves

LAYERED REVIEWC LEVEL: Vocabulary foldable &

Review worksheetB LEVEL: (Choose one for 90pts) Cross-word, poster of Earth’s Layers,Rap/song/poem w/ vocabA LEVEL: (Choose one for 100pts)10 MC questions, Review sheet (w/

all important info), Review game10

Epicenter = S wave – P wave

• Read units carefully

(kilometers on top, miles on bottom)

• If the epicenter is 1500 miles away, the S wave and P wave are 4 minutes apart

• If the S wave and P wave are 5 minutes apart, the epicenter is 2000 miles away

• A = Continental Crust• B = Oceanic Crust• C = Lithosphere• D =Asthenosphere• E = Mantle• F = Outer Core• G = Inner Core• H = Crust

THIS

IS

With

Host...

Your

100 110 100 100 100

200 200 200 200 200

300 300 300 300 300

400 400 400 400 400

500 500 500 500 500

Layers of the Earth

Convergent Boundary

Divergent Boundaries

Transform Fault

Boundaries

Earthquakes

100

What is the thin, rocky, outermost layer of the Earth

Layers of the Earth 100 question

A 100

The Crust

A 100

Layers of the Earth 200 Question

A 200

Which layer of the Earth is solid and rocky but semi-solid in some areas due to high heat or low pressure?

The Mantle

A 200

This is the major source of heat in the center of Earth, made

up of iron-nickel

A 300

Layers of the Earth 300 question

The Core

A 300

Layers of the Earth 400 Question

A 400

Which layer of Earth is semi-solid, where convection occurs,

allowing the plates to move?

Asthenosphere

A 400

This specific layer is made up

of both the crust and uppermost

mantle

A 500

Layers of the Earth 500 Question

Lithosphere

A 500

Convergent Boundaries100 question

B 100

What plate motion do we see at convergent boundaries?

Plates collide/come together

B 100

What 3 major geological features

are associated

with Convergent Boundaries?

B 200

Convergent Boundary 200 Question

1) Mountains

2) Volcanoes

3) Ocean Trenches

B 200

What affect do Convergent

Boundaries have on the

Lithosphere/plate?

B 300

Convergent Boundaries300 Question

Lithosphere is destroyed

B 300

What is the specific name of the convergent boundary

where oceanic crust is forced beneath continental

crust, and lithosphere is destroyed?

B 400

Convergent Boundaries 400 Question

Subduction Zone

B 400

Name at least one real world example of a convergent boundary.

B 500

Convergent Boundary500 Question

Hawaiian Islands

Himalayan Mountains

Appalachian Mountains

B 500

Divergent Boundaries100 Question

C 100

Describe the movement of plates at a divergent boundary.

Plates divide, split apart, separate

C 100

Divergent Boundaries200 Question

C 200

What is at least one major geologic feature that you would find at a divergent

boundary?

Oceanic Ridge

Rift Valley

C 200

SURPRISE JEOPARDY!What type of volcano typically has a shorter

lifespan with only 1 major eruption.This volcano is smaller with steeper sides.

Divergent Boundary 300 Question

C 300

Cinder Cone Volcano

C 300

C 400

Divergent Boundary 400 Question

How is new lithosphere created at a divergent boundary?

C 400

Rising magma cools and hardens into rock

C 500

Divergent Boundaries 500 Question

JEOPARDY SURPRISE:

How does viscosity effect the size of a volcanic eruption?

(How does a more viscous and less viscous lava behave?)

More viscous lava will have amore violent eruption, exploding upwards.

Less viscous lava will simply flow over the volcano’s edge, producing no

major eruption

C 500

Transform Fault Boundaries100 Question

What plate movement do we see at transform fault boundaries?

D 100

D 100

Plates slide/grind past each other

Transform Fault Boundary 200 Question

Is lithosphere created or destroyed at a Transform Fault boundary?

D 200

D 200

NIETHER!!

It is neither created nor destroyed

Transform Fault Boundary300

What geologic process do we see at Transform Fault Boundaries?

D 300

D 300

Earthquakes!

Transform Fault Boundary 400

What is the name of the large transform fault boundary in

California?

D 400

The San Andreas Fault

D 400

Transform Fault Boundary 500

SURPRISE JEOPARDY:

What three ways do Earthquakes result in major damage, apart from the

actual shaking of the ground?

D 500

Fires, landslides, and tsunamis

D 500

How do the travel times of S waves and P waves compare?

E 100

Earthquakes100

P waves travel faster than S waves

OR

P waves arrive first, S waves arrive second

E 100

What are three other names for a P wave?

E 200

Earthquakes 200

Push-Pull Wave

Compressional Wave

Primary Wave

E 200

E 300

Earthquakes 300

What is the SP Time interval on the seismograph reading below?

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

15-20 seconds

E 300

What is the theory that describes the reasons why earthquakes occur?

(What is the main cause of earthquakes?)

E 400

Earthquakes 400

Elastic Rebound Hypothesis

E 400

What is the difference in travel times (the S-P Interval) if the seismic station is 3000 kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake?

E 500

Earthquakes 500

E 500

4.5 - 5.5 min