warm-up 9-12
DESCRIPTION
Warm-Up 9-12. If a region of a map has contour lines close together what does that tell you about the region? Why do contour lines never overlap? Draw a small contour map of a 100m tall mountain with two peaks. Maps and Topography! To LITHOSPHERE!. Rocks. What is a Rock?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Warm-Up 9-12
• If a region of a map has contour lines close together what does that tell you about the region?
• Why do contour lines never overlap?
• Draw a small contour map of a 100m tall mountain with two peaks.
![Page 2: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Maps and Topography! To
LITHOSPHERE!
![Page 3: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Rocks
![Page 4: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What is a Rock?• Naturally-occurring mixtures of
minerals, mineraloids, glass or organic matter.
![Page 5: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?
• Rocks are made up of ONE or MORE minerals.
![Page 6: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Warm-Up. Happy Friday!
• What is magma?• What is lava?• Explain the difference between a rock and a
mineral.• How do rocks form?
![Page 7: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Take about 10min to quietly read the article.
Then answer the following questions:
1. What activities in your life are dependent upon the successful work of a geologist?
2. How could an understanding of geology help you understand the world around you?
3. What did you find the most interesting about this article?4. Does anything about this article make you nervous?
![Page 8: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is a Rock?• Rocks are divided into 3
groups based on how they were formed:
• IGNEOUS•SEDIMENTARY•METAMORPHIC
![Page 9: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Igneous Rocks
![Page 10: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling down of magma or lava.
![Page 11: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2 types of igneous rocks
• Intrusive• Extrusive
![Page 12: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
INTRUSIVE rocks cooled slowly INside of the earth. Composed of larger crystals
![Page 13: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
EXTRUSIVE means “out of the earth”
It cooled on the surface of the earth and has small crystals
Intrusive
![Page 14: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Crystal forming video!
![Page 15: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Igneous rocks are classified according to the composition and texture.
Composition is the minerals that the rock is made of
![Page 16: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Felsic rocks: light colored, high silica content
![Page 17: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mafic rocks: dark rock, low silica content
![Page 18: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Texture is the size, shape, arrangement, and distribution of those minerals in the rock.
There are 4 textures: glassy, fine-grained, course-grained, and porphyritic.
rhyolite
![Page 19: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Glassy – obsidian
![Page 20: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fine-grained - basalt
![Page 21: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Course-grained - Granite
![Page 22: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Porphyritic means that it has large crystals with small ones also.
![Page 23: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sedimentary Rocks
![Page 24: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Sediments are pieces of solid material that have been weathered and then deposited
![Page 25: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sedimentary rocks are formed when rocks are broken down into sediments (weathered) and compacted together. (Compaction and cementation)
![Page 26: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Sedimentary rocks are classified3 classifications: clastic, chemical, organic
breccia
![Page 27: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CLASTIC:1. They are the most common sedimentary rock2. Are made from pieces of previous rock3. Example: “Big Chunks” – Breccia4. Example: Small pebbles, clay, and sand
“glued” together – Conglomerate5. Example: Small sand grains only = sandstone
![Page 28: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CHEMICAL ROCKSFormed when a lake or ocean dries up, leaving
behind minerals.
Calcite, Halite, and Gypsum are examples
![Page 29: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ORGANIC ROCKSThey are formed from the remains of once living
things
Coal is made from plant remains.
![Page 30: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Metamorphic Rocks• Were once igneous or sedimentary rocks• Have been changed because of heat and/or
pressure.• Very strong rock. Resistant to weathering.
GneissSchist
![Page 31: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
END
![Page 32: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Explain the rock cycle in enough detail to relate the cycling of materials - formation and destruction of the three major rock types to the
• forces responsible: physical and chemical weathering, heat and pressure, deposition, foliation and bedding. The forms of energy that
• drive the rock cycle include heat and mechanical (gravitational potential) energy.
![Page 33: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Warm-Up
1. How is an INTRUSIVE igneous rock formed?2. What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks?3. When are chemical sedimentary rocks
formed?
![Page 34: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Rock Cycle
![Page 35: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
1. The rock cycle is the continuous changing and remaking of rocks.
![Page 36: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/
content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm
![Page 37: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
2. Igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks may be transformed by heat, pressure, and chemical reactions into metamorphic rocks.
![Page 38: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
3. Metamorphic rocks may be changed or metamorphosed into other metamorphic rocks.
They also may be remelted into an igneous rock.
Or a metamorphic rock can be weathered to form a sedimentary rock.
![Page 39: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Heat And Pressure
Eroded(broken down)
Melted
Eroded(broken down)
Heat And Pressure
Melted
![Page 40: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
4. Any rock can be changed into another rock!
![Page 41: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Warm Up 2/6
1. Write 3-5 sentences about anything and everything that you know about rocks.
(Things to think/write about: Are there different types of rocks? If so, what makes them different? Why are rocks different colors? Why do rocks have different textures?)
![Page 42: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Rock Cycle Vocabulary
![Page 43: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Rock
• a mixture of one or more minerals, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other
materials
![Page 44: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Sedimentary Rock
• forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when minerals
are left behind by evaporation
![Page 45: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Examples
![Page 46: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Metamorphic Rock
• forms when heat and pressure act on igneous, metamorphic
or sedimentary rock and change its form or make up.
![Page 47: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Examples
![Page 48: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Igneous Rock
• intrusive or extrusive rock formed when hot magma cools
and hardens
![Page 49: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Examples
![Page 50: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Rock Cycle
• model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time
![Page 51: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Example
![Page 52: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Sediments
• loose materials such as rock fragments, dirt, silt, and sand
![Page 53: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Magma
• hot, melted rock material beneath the Earth’s surface
![Page 54: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Weathering
• surface process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces
(wind, rain, temperature, etc)
![Page 55: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Erosion
• process in which surface materials (sediments) are worn
away and transported from one place to another by water,
wind, and glaciers
![Page 56: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Deposition
• The process of eroded materials being moved and deposited in another place.
![Page 57: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Cementation
• sedimentary rock-forming process in which large
sediments are held together by natural cements (matrix) like
evaporated mud
![Page 58: Warm-Up 9-12](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816741550346895ddbf35b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Compaction
• process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers
of small sediments are compressed by the weight of
the layers above