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Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water Resources Ministry of Public Works Republic of Indonesia

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Page 1: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Waluyo HatmokoSenior Researcher, Research Center for Water Resources

Ministry of Public Works Republic of Indonesia

Page 2: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Source: World Resources Institute

Country m^3/capitaCanada 86,752.7Indonesia 12,440.8China  2,112.4India 1,110.0Egypt 23.4Gaza Strip 11.7Bahrain 5.3

No Country km^3/year1Brazil 5,4182Russian Federation 4,3133Canada 2,8504Indonesia 2,8385China 2,8126United States 2,8007Colombia 2,1128Peru 1,6169India 1,261

10Congo, Dem Rep 900

Page 3: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Source: Review of World Water Resources by Country FAO 2003

Page 4: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Indonesia consists of 33 Provinces

33 Provinces

17,508 islands

Population 206 million

65% live in Jawa Island

Page 5: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

SumateraTP: 738 PC: 18.4

Java TP: 187 PC: 1.6

KalimantanTP: 1008 PC: 98.8 TP: 247 PC: 18.3

Sulawesi

Papua & MalukuTP: 981 PC: 251.5

TP: 60 PC: 5.5 Sunda Kecil

Total IndonesiaTP: 3221 PC: 16.8

TP = Total Potential Water (billion m3 / year)PC = Potential Water per Capita (1,000 m3/capita) Source: DG Water Resources

Page 6: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Indonesia is divided into 133 River Basin Territory (RBT)as basis for Integrated Water Resources ManagementEach RBT have a Water Resources Strategic Plan and Master Plan

River Basin: 5,590 riversRiver Basin Territory : 133 (total)

National : 69 cross boundaries: 5, cross provinces: 27strategic : 37

Province : 51, District: 13

Page 7: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

KETERANGANNILAI IPA = > 0.50 NILAI IPA = > 0.20 ~ 0.50NILAI IPA = > 0.05 ~ 0.20NILAI IPA = > 0.01 ~ 0.05NILAI IPA = < 0.01

Page 8: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

KETERANGANNILAI CV = > 0.50 NILAI CV = > 0.30 ~ 0.50NILAI CV = > 0.20 ~ 0.30NILAI CV = < 20WILAYAH TIM-TIM

Page 9: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

River Basin Organization (RBO)in Indonesia Public‐utility type RBO

structural development, rehabilitation and public‐obligation services

31 RBO under  Central Government 59 RBO under  Provincial Government. 

Corporate‐type RBO cost‐recovery activities and conduct operation‐maintenance , and water services

Jasa Tirta I (Brantas and Bengawan Solo River Basin) and Jasa Tirta II (Citarum River Basin)

Page 10: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Meteorological Drought Indonesian Meteorological, Climate and Geophysics  Agency, (Erwin Makmur, 2009) Drought Indices

Percent of Normal (Operationally)> 115 %  Above Normal85 – 115 %  Normal< 85%  Below Normal

Palmer Drought Severity Index (Research) Normalized Multi‐band Drought Index (other Institutional)

Page 11: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Meteorological Drought Ministry of Public Works (Wanny Adhidarma, 2006)

Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) Has been applied in the Northern part of Central Java: Pemali‐Comal River Basin

Will be applied for the whole Java Island

SPI Values Drought Category Time in Category

0 to -0.99 mild drought 34.1%

-1.00 to -1.49 moderate 9.2%

-1.50 to -1.99 severe 4.4%

<-2.00 extreme 2.3%

Page 12: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane
Page 13: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Potential Drought Monitoring over Agriculture Area in Java Island, Indonesia, Orbita Roswintiarti ,  Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN),  2010

Meteorological drought: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI); Agricultural droughts: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index 

(NDVI) anomaly, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) anomaly, Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI)

Acquiring, processing, and analyzing meteorological drought index from daily and monthly rainfall from TRMM and GSMap data for some sample areas.

Acquiring, processing, and analyzing agricultural drought indices from sixteen‐day or monthly MODIS data for some sample areas.

Identifying the origin and its associated land cover change through the time series analysis of NDVI or EVI overlaid with land cover map from ALOS and Landsat data for some sample areas.

Page 14: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane
Page 15: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Our way of thinking about Hydrological Drought Based on available surface water in the water bodies: rivers, lakes, reservoirs

Strongly related with water allocation How much water is available to be allocated to: Various water users: agriculture, domestic, municipal, industry, fisheries, animal husbandry, maintenance flow

In different geographical area: upstream and downstream

In different administrative boundaries

PDAM Rajeg

S. Induk BaratDI Cisadane Barat9.930 ha

Sek

Ked

aung

S. In

duk

Bar

at L

aut

1.818 ha

Tng

S. C

isad

ane

Bd. Pasarbaru

PDAM Kota Tng

PDAM Bojongrenged

PDAM Mauk

DI Cisadane Barat Laut8.885 ha

DI Cisadane Utara3.255 ha

Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane pada Bendung Pasarbaru

Sal. Induk Tanah Tinggi

Mookervaart

Sal. Induk Timur

Sal. I

nduk

Uta

ra

Penggelontoran

DI Cisadane Timur787 ha

143 ha

9,93

1,82

0,79

50

8,88

0,010

0 0,03

0,053,25

00,02

0,02

0,020,01

0,050

0,35

0,21

0,01

0,01

0,050

0,01

0,01

0,14

50

24,3

2

0,79

20,69

1,8 2

9,93 20,69 20,72

0,02

0

9,94 18,87 18,88

0,01

8,93

0

8,88

0,05

4,16 0,86 0,86 0,84 0,82 0,8

3,3

3 ,25

0,05

0

0,02

0,02

0,02 0,01

24,3

2

0

0,01

0,35

0,21

0,01

0,08 0,02 0,010,05 0

0,01

0,03

0,14

Page 16: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Water allocation in Indonesia Strategic water allocation

for the next 20 years For each river basin territory, as a basis 

for water resources strategic master plan

Based on simulation of monthly or half‐monthly  long  time‐series of runoff 

Annual water  allocation Based on dependable  flow Q80% Historically, for rice‐field agriculture

Real‐time water  allocation For next week, next 10‐days, next half‐

month Success indicator: k‐factor K‐factor = supply / demand

Page 17: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Hydrological Drought Monitoring• Executed By Directorate General for Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works (based on the decree of The Minister of Public Works)

• Data from 33 River Basin Organizations – Reservoir  and lake normal and actual water level water utilization, reservoir operation status

– Water allocation status, river discharges, planned and actual diverted flow

Page 18: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Hydrological Drought Monitoring– Data from 33 River Basin Organizations (cont.) 

– the irrigation k‐factor = supply/demand– Safe:  k > 70%– Potential prone: k between 30%  ‐ 70%, – Severe prone: k <  30%

– Irrigation areal affected by drought – Drought anticipation and mitigation

– water tank truck , and – water pump distribution

Page 19: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Hydrological flow monitoring Daily flow is recorded for all river gauging stations, some gauging stations use telemetering real‐time data acquisition

Real‐time water allocation has been executed during the dry season in some river basins

Page 20: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Hydrological Drought Indeces• Mild Drought

• River discharges between dependable flow Q90% and Q80% 

• Lake and reservoir level in the drought operating level

• Moderate Drought– River discharge between Q95% and Q90%– Lake and reservoir level between minimum operating level and drought level

• Severe Drought– River discharge less than dependable Q95%– Lake and reservoir level between minimum operating level and the dead storage

Page 21: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane

Concluding Remarks:Proposed hydrological drought indices Based on available surface water in the water bodies: rivers, lakes, reservoirs

Strongly related with water allocation In Indonesia water availability is expressed in:

Dependable  flow Q80% for agriculture (more than 95% of water demand)

Dependable flow 90% for domestic, municipal and industrial water demand

Water in the lakes and reservoirs

Page 22: Waluyo Hatmoko Senior Researcher, Research Center for Water … · 2011. 9. 29. · PDAM Mauk DI Cisadane Barat Laut 8.885 ha DI Cisadane Utara 3.255 ha Alokasi Air Sungai Cisadane