walter j. stevens office of basic energy sciences besac july 22, 2002
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Basic Energy Sciences. Summary of BES Activities Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism. Walter J. Stevens Office of Basic Energy Sciences BESAC July 22, 2002. Recent Office of Science Activities. BES Workshop on Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism (February 28 – March 1, 2002) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Walter J. StevensOffice of Basic Energy Sciences
BESACJuly 22, 2002
Basic Energy Sciences
Summary of BES Activities
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
• BES Workshop on Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism (February 28 – March 1, 2002)
• BES Survey of National Laboratory research and Core Research Activities relevant to counter terrorism
• Office of Science/BES “occasional paper” on research to support counter terrorism
• Counter terrorism added to National Laboratory on-site review agendas
• Development of a vision for future Office of Science support of Homeland Security
• HENP workshop on the Role of the Nuclear Physics Research Community in Combating Terrorism (July 11-12, 2002)
• BER participation on ad hoc panel for sequencing of pathogenic organisms (with NIH, NSF, CDC, CIA, etc.)
Recent Office of Science Activities
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Potential BES Core Research Contributions to Homeland Security
BES Core Research Activities Detection Preparedness Prevention Protection Response and Recovery
Experimental Condensed Matter Physics
Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics
X-Ray and Neutron Scattering
X-Ray and Neutron Scattering Facilities
Materials Chemistry
Structure and Composition of Materials
Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Radiation Effects
Physical Behavior of Materials
Synthesis and Processing Science
Engineering Research
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
Atomic, Molecular, Optical (AMO) Science
Chemical Physics Research
Photochemistry and Radiation Research
Catalysis and Chemical Transformation
Separations and Analysis
Heavy Element Chemistry
Chemical Energy and Chemical Engineering
Geosciences Research
Energy Biosciences Research
Nanoscience Centers
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
A BES Workshop on Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism was held February 28 – March 1, 2002 in Gaithersburg, MD.
Objective
Identify critical science issues and opportunities in research areas supported by BES that will be important to our Nation's ability to detect, prevent, protect against, and respond to future terrorist threats.
Outcome
A report has been posted on the BES website that summarizes the presentations and discussions and includes recommendations for future basic research investment needs.http://www.science.doe.gov/production/bes/counterterrorism.html
BES Workshop
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Chemical Threats
Biological Threats
Radiological and Nuclear Threats
Including conventional explosives, toxic industrial chemicals, and toxic chemicals such as choking agents, blood agents, blister agents, nerve agents, and byproducts of their manufacture.
Including bacteria, rickettsiae, viruses, fungi, and toxins. Gram for gram much more deadly than chemical agents. Can be bioengineered.
Including nuclear explosives, radioactive materials and byproducts of their manufacture.
Scientific issues underlying the detection, containment, sampling, analysis, decontamination, and destruction of:
BES Workshop Focus
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Presentation materials are online at:http://www.sc.doe.gov/production/bes/BESAC/PPT02-28-02.htm
KeynoteJay Davis, National Security FellowCenter for Global Security ResearchLawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Founding Director of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Participated in two UN inspections of Iraq in the summer of 1991. Selected as the only non-UN member of the team that briefed the UN Security Council in1991 concerning Iraqi evasion of the inspection process and violation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Twice awarded the Distinguished Public Service Medal, DoD’s highest civilian award. Fellow of the American Physical Society and was one of its Centennial Lecturers in its Hundredth Anniversary Year
Radiological/Nuclear ThreatsMichael R. AnastasioDeputy Director for Strategic OperationsLawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Principal point of contact for LLNL to the NNSA.. Chair of the LLNL Council on National Security and responsible for the LLNL National Security Office. Representative to the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board. Member of the Department of the Navy, Strategic Systems Fleet Ballistic Missile Steering Task Group. Recipient of the Weapons Recognition of Excellence award for technical leadership in nuclear design in 1990.
Chemical ThreatsMichael J. SailorDepartment of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, San Diego
Recipient of numerous academic research awards including Arnold and Mabel Beckman Young Investigator Award (1993 and the National Science Foundation Young Investigator Award (1993-1998). World-recognized expert on nanophase materials, sensor technologies, and defense against chemical and biological weapons. Co-inventor of detectors for explosives (TNT and dinitrotoluene detected at the ppb level) and nerve warfare agents in a project sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
Biological ThreatsDavid R. Franz, DVM, Ph.DSouthern Research InstituteUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham
Served as both Deputy Commander and then Commander of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) and as Deputy Commander of the Medical Research and Materiel Command. Served as Chief Inspector on three United Nations Special Commission biological warfare inspection missions to Iraq. Served as a member of the first two US/UK teams that visited Russia in support of the Trilateral Joint Statement on Biological Weapons. Member of the Defense Science Board for Homeland Defense (Intelligence Panel)
BES Workshop: Plenary Presentations
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Chair: Jill Trewhella (LANL) Lee Makowski (ANL) Basil Swanson (LANL) Steve Colson (PNNL) Terry Hazen (LBNL) Frank Roberto (INEEL) David Franz (Southern Res. Inst.)Gary Resnick (LANL)Stephen Jacobson (ORNL)Jay Valdez (Army SBCCOM)Paul Gourley (SNL)Maher Tadros (SNL)
Chemical Threat Group
Biological Threat Group
Radiological/Nuclear Threat Group
Chair: Michael Sigman (ORNL) Michael Sailor (UC San Diego) Mike Ramsey (ORNL) Ben Smith (U. Florida) Ken Shea (UC Irvine) Jan Hrbek (BNL)Phil Rodacy (SNL)David Tevault (Army SBCCOM)
Chair: Norman Edelstein (LBNL) James Beitz (ANL) Carol Burns (LANL) Greg Choppin (FSU) Sue Clark (WSU) Mark Deitz (ANL) Robin Rogers (U. Alabama) Sam Traina (OSU)
BES Workshop: Breakout Groups & Representation
Walter Stevens, SC-14 BES Lead
Terry Michalske, SNLWorkshop Chair
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
David Baldwin, AMESMarion Thurnauer, ANLGreg Hall, BNLLeonard Newman, BNLDavid Miller, INEELHarriet Kung, LANLDon Parkin, LANLDavid Shuh, LBNLHenry Shaw, LLNLLou Terminello, LLNLDan Meisel, Notre Dame Rad LabDan Blake, NRELMichelle Buchanan, ORNLJames Roberto, ORNLSteve Colson, PNNLRobert Carling, SNL-CAGeorge Samara, SNL-NMDarryl Sasaki, SNL-NMPiero Pianetta, SSRL
Additional Laboratory Participants
BES Workshop: Additional Laboratory and Non-BES Attendees
Non-BES Attendees
Thirteen National Laboratories Represented and 8 Non-BES Organizations
Brendlyn Faison, BERDavid Thomassen, BERTeresa Fryberger, BERGerald Kiernan, NNSAMike Kreisler, NNSALarry Morgan, NNSAJanice Hicks, NSFJoe Dehmer, NSFLarry Kerr, OSTPBen Smith, U. of FLJimmy Mays, U. of TNSue Clark, Wash. State. U.
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Detection
Preparedness
Prevention
Protection
Response and Recovery
Scientific and technical challenges and opportunities consistent with the needs of the Office of Homeland Security
BES Workshop Report
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http://www.science.doe.gov/production/bes/counterterrorism.htmlhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011008.htm
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Radiological and Nuclear Threats
Heavy Element Chemistry
Fundamental research on the chemistry of the actinides and fission products (BES sole supporter of basic research)
Separations and Analysis
Research on basic science issues related to chemical detection and separations of particular ions from other chemical species
Radiation Chemistry
Investigates the fundamental chemical effects produced by the absorption of energy from ionizing radiation
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Detection• Reliable, simple to operate, inexpensive “yes or no” radiation
detectors• Field deployable, moderately high resolution detectors (operate at
ambient temperature) to determine nature of threat• Remote detection of radioactive material – Active and/or passive
detection• Better instrumentation and techniques for attribution of nuclear
materials
Preparedness • Maintain critical infrastructure and appropriately trained personnel• Readiness to contain contamination caused by terrorist act• Therapies and treatment for victims of radioactive decontamination
Radiological and Nuclear Threats
Opportunities and Needs
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Prevention• Better stabilization of nuclear materials against dispersion (e. g.,
storage forms for plutonium)• Explore alternate separations technologies so as to be aware of
chemical signatures of clandestine reprocessing
Protection/Response and Recovery• Methods for the identification of chemical and physical form of
radioactive contaminant• Increased understanding of radiation effects on materials • New decontamination agents
Radiological and Nuclear Threats
Opportunities and Needs
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Chemical Warfare Agents
Examples: Blister, Nerve, Choking and Blood agents
Toxic Industrial Materials (TIMs)
Examples: Methyl isocyanate, Chlorine, Hydrogen Fluoride
Explosives
Examples: TNT, RDX, TATP.
Produced in large quantities and easily accessible
Acetylcholinesterase: Nerve agent target.
AP Photo
Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.
Industrial plant in Bhopal, methylisocyanate accidental release
Chemical Threats
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Detection• Effects of confined spaces on fluid flow (low
surface/volume ratios, electric double layer, etc.) Nanofluidic devices
• New sensor concepts utilizing on molecular-based interactions ( molecular imprinted polymer receptors, etc.) Microelectro-mechanical system sensors
• Improved materials for sample collection and transport Selective sampling materials
• New gas phase processes for selectivity, ion trapping size limitations Advanced mass spectrometry
Organic polymers grafted-from a substrate have utility for detection and protection
Silicon Surface
Chemical Threats
Opportunities and Needs
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Prevention• Improved synthetic reactions, milder processing conditions
Reduce toxic industrial chemical stockpiles
Protection, Response & Recovery• New catalysts and adsorbents to mitigate and protect against
chemical threats Personal protection equipment (PPE)• New polymers with designed nanostructures Light weight barrier
materials for PPE• New separations and analysis schemes utilizing biomarkers for low
level chemical exposure Pre-symptomatic diagnosis
Chemical Threats
Opportunities and Needs
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Preparedness
• New materials synthesis and fabrication processes for low-weight power sources Improved batteries
• Improved membrane technology for ion and small molecule transport Miniaturized fuel cells
Opportunities and Needs
Chemical Threats
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Human Pathogens
Examples: Smallpox, Cholera, Shigellosis
Zoonoses (not highly contagious)Anthrax, Brucellosis, Coccidioidomycosis, EEE / VEE / WEE, Japanese B, Ebola/Marburg, Histoplasmosis, Melioidosis, Glanders, Plague, Psittacosis, Q Fever, Rabies, Tularemia
Animal PathogensAfrican Swine Fever, Foot and Mouth, Fowl Plague, Newcastle, Rinderpest
Biological Threats
Anthrax
Vibrio cholerae
Foot and Mouth Virus
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Detection and Identification• Simple, inexpensive triggers that alert the need for detailed
biohazard analysis.• Stand-off detection of biohazards using, e.g., laser techniques. • Improved techniques to rapidly and selectively sample biohazards
from complex biomaterial backgrounds.• Novel technologies for the extraction, purification, and concentration
of bio-agents.• Advanced identification methods (e.g. molecular recognition)
Biological Threats
Opportunities and Needs
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Prevention• The most difficult problem: small quantities, high toxicity, easily
disguised or hidden.
Protection, Response & Recovery• Rapid diagnosis of infection or detection of human exposure.• Diagnostic tools for use in point-of-care-facilities.• New lightweight personal protection equipment with built-in
decontamination capability.• New decontamination methods for people, buildings, surfaces, etc.• Rapid forensic analysis for attribution.
Biological Threats
Opportunities and Needs
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Goals • Identify molecular
machines of life• Characterize their
regulatory networks• Characterize the
functional repertoire of natural microbial communities
• Develop the computational capabilities to advance understanding of complex biological systems and predict their behavior
Genomes to Life:
Coordinated research within Office of Science programs in Biological and Environmental Research and Advanced Scientific Computing
Pathogen sequencing
Other Activities
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
Office of Science and Other Agency Coordination for Characterization of Biothreat Agents
Coordinated interagency effort to develop a list of potential biothreat agents, prioritize needed research, and determine security issues on data release.
Anthrax
Anthrax Toxin
Other Activities
Key participants:
Tony Fauci (NIH) Carolyn Black (CDC)
John LaMontagne (NIH) Mitchell Cohen (CDC)
Carole Heilman (NIH) Eric Eisenstadt (DARPA)
Ari Patrinos (DOE) John Phillips (CIA)
Bob Waldren (NNSA) Janet Dorrigan (CIA)
Rita Colwell (NSF) Caird Rexroad (USDA)
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
NNSA Chemical and Biological National Security ProgramTechnology development in the 3-5 year timeframe
Decontamination
Goal: To quickly restore civilian facilities (untreated contamination may remain for 10’s of years).
Modeling & Prediction
Goal: To develop predictive modeling tools for urban environments (inside & outside of facilities).
Biological Foundations
Goal: To provide essential biological information for detection, and medical countermeasures.
Detection
Goal: To provide early warning, identify people to treat, and identify contaminated areas with high sensitivity and low false alarms.
Other Activities
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
• Strong, multidisciplinary science with many components relevant to counter terrorism.
• Significant resources and infrastructure already in place.
• A history of successful contributions to national security.
• Bridge unclassified “outside the fence” research and sensitive “behind the fence” technology development.
Office of Science Support for Homeland Security
A National Laboratory Approach
The National Laboratories provide significant infrastructure, research expertise, and links to the university community.
Basic Research Needs to Counter Terrorism Walter J. Stevens, BESAC July 22, 2002
AMES Laboratory: Dr. David P. Baldwin
Argonne National Laboratory: Dr. Harvey Drucker
Brookhaven National Laboratory: Mr. Paul D. Moskowitz
Jefferson Laboratory: Dr. Fred Dylla
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Dr. William A. Barletta
Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Dr. Michael A. Kuliasha
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory: Dr. Michael Kluse
Plasma Physics Laboratory: Mr. Lewis D. Meixler
Stanford Linear Accelerator: Mr. Jerry L. Jobe
Fermilab: Mr. Bruce L. Chrisman
Office of Science Support for Homeland Security
Points of Contact for Homeland Security at SC Labs