“basic research needs for superconductivity” besac meeting august 3, 2006 john sarrao lanl
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“Basic Research Needs for Superconductivity” BESAC Meeting August 3, 2006 John Sarrao LANL Wai Kwok Argonne. US Energy Consumption (Trillion BTUs). 120,000. 100,000. Total Energy Consumption. 80000. 60000. Electricity Consumption. 40000. 20000. 0. 1950. 1960. 1970. 1980. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
“ “Basic Research Needs for Basic Research Needs for
Superconductivity”Superconductivity”
BESAC Meeting BESAC Meeting August 3, 2006August 3, 2006
John SarraoJohn SarraoLANLLANL
Wai KwokWai KwokArgonneArgonne
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
World & Domestic Energy Demand is Increasing Rapidly
World Energy Demand +73% by 2030
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100,000
120,000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Total Energy Consumption
Electricity Consumption
Year
Source: EIA
US Energy Consumption (Trillion BTUs)
US electric demand willdouble by 2050
A grand challenge for production, delivery, and
use
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
The electric grid, an essential energy backbone, is under stress
capacity50% growth by 2030
Urban power bottleneck
reliabilityBlackoutsCascadesquality
efficiency / environment7-10% of power is lost in
the grid40 1GW power plants
230 Mmt of CO2
Lower Manhattan infrastructure(Courtesy of Con Edison)
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
superconductivity
coalgas
heat
mechanical motion electricity
hydrowind
fuel cells
solar
motors
lighting. heatingrefrigeration
informationtechnology
power
grid
transportation
industrynuclearfission
production deliverydelivery use
Superconductors: Poised for a Major Role in
Energy Delivery
Increased capacityEnhanced reliabilitySmart distribution
High power density 1/2 size1/2 weight1/2 losses
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
~100 researchers, representing 7 countries, 9 national labs and 28 universities
Basic Research Needs for SuperconductivityBasic Research Needs for SuperconductivityMay 8-11, 2006May 8-11, 2006
Panel Chairs:Materials: I. Bozovic (BNL)Phenomena: J.C. Davis (Cornell)
L. Civale (LANL) Theory: I. Mazin (NRL) Applications: D. Christen (ORNL)
Workshop Co-chair: John Sarrao, LANLCo-chair: Wai-Kwong Kwok, ANL
Plenary Speakers: Paul Chu, Alex Malozemoff, George Crabtree,
Mike Norman, ZX ShenWorkshop Charge“identify basic research needs and opportunities in superconductivity with a focus on new, emerging and scientifically challenging areas that have the potential to have significant impact in science and energy relevant technologies”
Pat Dehmer, DOE-Basic Energy SciencesJim Daley, DOE-Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
Superconductors can transform the power grid to deliver abundant, reliable, high-quality
power for the 21st centurycurrent state future needs
Performance
10x increase in Jc
10x reduction in ac loss
Cost
10-100x improvement needed
Materials
Increase operating temperature 2x-5x
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
MATERIALSDirected Search and Discovery of New SuperconductorsControl Structure and Properties of Superconductors Down to the Atomic ScaleMaximize Current-carrying Ability of Superconductors with Scalable Fabrication TechniquesUnderstand and Exploit Competing Electronic Phases
MECHANISMSDevelop a Comprehensive and Predictive Theory of Superconductivity and SuperconductorsIdentify the Essential Interactions that Give Rise to High Tc SuperconductivityAdvance the Science of Vortex Matter
CROSS-CUTTINGNew Tools to Integrate Synthesis, Characterization, and Theory
Enabling Materials for Superconductor Utilization
To address these challenges, workshop participants identified 7 Priority Research
Directions and 2 CCRDs
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
Materials: From discovery to design
Bednorz and Mueller (‘86)
Fermi surface of Li at high P
Tc ~ 20K
Atomic-scale materials by design
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
Mechanism: Unravel the mysteries of superconductivity
Competing interactions and collective phenomena in electronic and vortex matter
Temperature (K)
Mag
netic
Fie
ld (
T)
Hlcp
Hucp
Vortex Lattice
disorderedsolid
pancake liquid
line
liquid
Hc2
9080706050
5
10
15
20
Bose glass
Vortex Lattice
Mapping the genome of high Tc
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
High Temperature SuperconductorsMax Tc 135K
Factor of 2 increase in critical current Jc
translates directly to a 2x reduction in cost
H (T)0.01 0.1 1 10
0.01
0.1
1
10
c J (
MA
/cm
2 )
Theoretical maximumTheoretical maximum
Enables new ancillary devices forelectric power stabilization
Cross-cutting: Transform performance
Complex architecture
2010 DOE goal
2006 DOE goal
2005 status
77KLab samples
65K
77K operation
1G 77K10
100
1000
0 1 2 3 4 5
Crit
ical
Cur
rent
(A
/cm
-wid
th)
Magnetic field, H (Tesla)
BSCCO
YBCO
55K-65Koperation
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
Performance: Beyond cuprates
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
Superconductivity Research Continuum
Technology Maturation & DeploymentApplied Research
Cost reduction
Scale-up research
Prototyping
Manufacturing R&D
Deployment support
Discovery Research Use-inspired Basic Research
Office of ScienceBES
Technology OfficesEDER
Technology Milestones:
2G coated conductor carrying 300 A x 100 m (2006)
In-field performance for 50 K operating temperature
electric power equipment with ½ the energy losses and ½ the size
wire with 100x power capacity of same size copper wires at $10/kiloamp-meter.
Assembly and utilization R&D issues
Materials compatibility & joining issues
Room-temperature superconductor (Grand Challenge)
Superconductors by design (Grand Challenge)
Atomic scale control of materials structure and properties
Tuning competing interactions for new phenomena
Unravel interaction functions generating high temperature superconductivity
Predictive understanding of strongly correlated superconductivity
Microscopic theory of vortex matter dynamics
Nano-meso-scale superconductivity
100K isotropic SC (Grand Challenge)
Achieve theoretical limits of critical current (Grand Challenge)
3-d quantitative determination of defects and interfaces
Intrinsic and intentional inhomogeneity
“Pinscape engineering” and modeling of effective pinning centers
Next Generation SC wires
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
Grand Challenges of Superconductivity
• Discover the mechanisms of high-temperature superconductivity
• Achieve a paradigm shift from materials by serendipity to materials by design
• Predict and control the electromagnetic behavior of superconductors from their microscopic vortex and pinning behavior
• Transform the power grid to deliver abundant, reliable, high-quality power for the 21st century
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
Broader Impact – Driving Materials Frontiers
50th Anniversary of BCS Theory (1957)20th Anniversary of High Tc Cuprates (1986)
5th Anniversary of MgB2 (2001)New fields of complex materials: - Manganites, Cobaltates, . . . interacting spin, charge, orbital, structural degrees of freedom -> emergent behavior - colossal magnetoresistance, nanoscale phases
Quantum correlation techniques for other fields of science: Bose-Einstein condensation, superfluids, nuclear matter
Complex and collective phenomena:Non-linear systems, domain dynamics
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
Nature 424 (2003)912
High Magnetic Field
High Tc Superconductivity
The Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987
Nature 412(2001)510
ARPES
Nature375(1995)561
Neutron
Science 300(2003)1410
Optical
Nature 415(2002)412
STM
Nature 406(2000)486
Transport
Nature 365(1993)323
High Pressure
Science 288(2000)1811
X-Ray Scattering
Broader Impact – New Tools
Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006Workshop on Superconductivity May 8-11, 2006
Summary
Electricity is the nation’s most effective energy carrier
• Clean, versatile, domestic
Power grid cannot meet future energy challenges
• Capacity, reliability, quality, efficiency
Superconductivity can transform the power grid to meet the 21st century
Basic-applied research to enable commercialization of present generation superconducting technology
High risk-high payoff discovery research for next-generation superconducting grid technology
• New superconducting materials for higher temperatures and currents• Mechanisms of high transition temperatures and current flows
Superconductivity an essential driver for materials discovery, insights into collective phenomena, and new tools/methods