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Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 2.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 3.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

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Page 1: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Wake-up

1. What are restriction enzymes?

2. Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest?

3. What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Page 2: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Applications of Genetic Engineering

Page 3: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Transgenic OrganismAn organism (animals, plants, and bacteria)

that has been genetically altered.

Page 4: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Example #1: Diabetes and Insulin (Medical)

Page 5: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

What is Insulin?Insulin (protein)

helps glucose move from our bloodstream to

our cells

Glucose is from food that was

consumed

Page 6: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

What produces insulin?

Pancreas

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYH1deu7-4E
Page 7: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Type 1 Diabetes: The Pancreas does not produce insulin

Page 8: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Diabetics need to take Insulin shots

How does someone with Type 1 Diabetes get insulin?

Page 9: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

History of Insulin Production

1974 – Pancreas was removed from slaughtered animals and purified for

human use

Page 10: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

History of Insulin Production (finish)

1980’s – Gene that makes insulin in humans was inserted into E.coli (Bacteria) which produced synthetic human insulin

Page 11: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Example #3: Genetically Modified Food (GMO’s)

Page 12: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

What are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s)?

An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering

techniques

Page 13: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Why are Organisms Genetically Modified?

Modified to be resistant to: •Pests•Disease•Cold

•Drought•Salt

Also an overall “better” quality

Page 14: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Example #1 of GMO: Golden Rice

Page 15: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Malnutrition is common in 3rd world countries; impoverished peoples rely on rice

for the main staple of their diet.

Page 16: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

However, rice does not contain adequate amounts of all necessary nutrients to prevent

malnutrition

More than 10 million children die of malnutrition every year. A vast majority of these deaths is linked

to micronutrient deficiencies.

Page 17: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Vitamin A deficiencies can damage the

immune system and decrease

the body’s ability to resist

or fight infections or can lead to

partial to totalblindness

Page 18: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Golden rice was genetically engineered to contain beta carotene, which can provide Vitamin A

(Video: Beginning to 4:30)

http://video.pbs.org/video/2365327272/
Page 19: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

GMO Example #2:Tomato and Artic Flounder Video Clip

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAP6ZtfP9ZQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAP6ZtfP9ZQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAP6ZtfP9ZQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAP6ZtfP9ZQ
Page 20: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 21: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 22: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 23: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 24: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Example #3: Glowing Organisms (purpose unclear)

Page 25: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Which organisms naturally glow?

Page 26: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 27: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 28: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Can we make other organisms glow using Genetic Engineering?

Page 29: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 30: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 31: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 32: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 33: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 34: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 35: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 36: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 37: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 38: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 39: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 40: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?
Page 41: Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

GMO Project

1. List GMO2. Describe the GMO3. Explain how it is genetically modified4. Explain why it is genetically modified

Create a PowerPoint about your GMO. Make sure to include pictures.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMPE5wlB3Zk

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