OLR (1987) 34 (9) 745

B380. Forecasting

87:4963 Heckley, W.A., M.J. Miller and A.K. Betts, 1987. An

example of hurricane tracking and forecasting with a global analysis-forecasting system. Bull. Am. met. Soc., 68(3):226-229.

The tracking of Hurricane Elena by the ECMWF operational analysis system is compared with re- ported positions from reconnaissance aircraft and coastal radar. An example forecast is shown for the operational model and also for an experimental version of the model. A strong sensitivity to the parameterization of deep cumulus convection is found. European Centre for Medium Range Weath- er Forecasts, Reading, UK.

87:4964 Kubota, Isao, 1987. Japan's weather service and the

sea. Oceanus, 30(1):71-75.

The Japan Meteorological Agency is described in terms of mission, organization, and operation, with special reference to its marine department. Subsur- face temperature, SST, currents, tides, sea ice, and

waves are measured using research and non-research vessels, moored buoys, and coastal stations. Oceanogr. Div., Japan Meteorol. Agcy., Tokyo, Japan. (gsb)

B450. Miscellaneous

87:4965 Lynch, Peter, 1987. Techniques of initialization.

Weather, 42(3):66-70.

About seventy years ago Lewis Fry Richardson published his book Weather Prediction by Numerical Process. He fantasized a 'forecast factory' employing 64,000 people to keep pace with the weather. His forecast factory has been realized, but Richardson was unfamiliar with the extreme impact that high frequency noise could have on numerical schemes. The principal means of eliminating these problems is the process of 'initialization,' that is, defining the initial fields in such a way that gravity inertia waves remain small. The history of these efforts is re- viewed. Irish Meteoroi. Service, Dublin, Ireland. (fcs)

C. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

CI0. Apparatus and methods

87:4966 Barnes, R.M. (ed.), 1987. Plasma spectrochemistry

IV. Proceedings of the 1986 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Kailua-Kona, Ha- waii, 2-8 January 1986. Special issue. Spectro- chim. Acta, 42B(l-2):420pp; 39 papers.

87:4967 Brzezinski, M.A., 1987. Colorimetric determination of

nanomolar concentrations of ammonium in sea- water using solvent extraction. Mar. Chem., 20(3):277-288.

The procedure is based on formation of indophenol in alkaline solution by reaction of phenol, hypo-

chlorite and ammonia using sodium aquopentac- yanoferrate as a coupling agent. Indophenol is then concentrated by extraction into n-hexanol at low pH and re-extraction into aqueous alkaline buffer. The concentration of indophenol blue is determined colorimetrically. This represents a 12-fold improve- ment in sensitivity and a 26-fold improvement in precision over standard aqueous analyses. College of Oceanogr., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 9733 l, USA.

87:4968 Buffle, J., J.J. Vuilleumier, M.L. Tercier and N.

Parthasarathy, 1987. Voltammetric study of humie and fulvic substances. V. Interpretation of metal ion complexation measured by anodic stripping voltammetric methods. Sci. total En- vironment, 60:75-96.

746 c. Chemical Oceanography OLR ( 1987134 (9)

The interpretation of ASV peaks for measuring the complexation reactions of metal ions with aquatic fulvic and humic compounds is difficult due to the simultaneous influence of several different phenom- ena, in particular the heterogeneous nature of fulvic compounds, the fact that the ligand is not in excess compared with the metal ion during the stripping step, the slow diffusion of the complexes compared with the free metal ions, and the adsorption of fulvic compounds on the electrode. The influences of these phenomena are briefly reviewed with regard to complexation measurements using direct polaro- graphic techniques. The recording of peak current and potential as a function of electrolysis time is a very powerful means for facilitating a correct interpretation. Dept. of Inorganic, Analytical and Appl. Chem., Sci. II, 30 quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland.

87:4969 Catalano, Giulio, 1987. An improved method for the

determination of ammonia in seawater. Mar. Chem., 20(3):289-295.

The Liddicoat, Tibbitts and Butler method for the determination of ammonia in seawater has been noticeably improved by replacing the UV lamp with a 300 VA tungsten lamp. The characteristics so achieved, a low blank value, a good molar absorp- tivity, and a reasonably short reaction time (1 h), are such that this modified procedure is more conven- ient for routine work in chemical oceanography. C.N.R., Istituto Talassografico di Trieste, 34123 Trieste, Italy.

87:4970 Eberlein, K. and G. Kattner, 1987. Automatic

method for the determination of ortho-phosphate and total dissolved phosphorus in the marine environment. Z. analyt. Chem., 326(4):354-357.

A method for determining seawater ortho-phosphate (derived from the molybdenum blue method) is described which, with simple modification, can also be used for total dissolved P. Concentrations in the range 0.01-5 /~g P/L are detectable, but plastic reaction components should be avoided. Inst. fur Biochem. und Lebensmittelchemie der Univ. Ham- burg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG. (gsb)

87:4971 Gill, G.A. and W.F. Fitzgerald, 1987. Picomolar

mercury measurements in seawater and other materials using stannons chloride reduction and two-stage gold amalgamation with gas phase detection. Mar. Chem., 20(3):227-243.

Sampling and analytical methodologies were devel- oped and tested which are non-contaminating, accurate, and sensitive, permitting the reliable determination of picomolar levels of Hg in natural waters. A detection limit of 0.21 pM was achieved using a 2-L sample volume, and an analytical precision of about 10% was obtained for solutions with Hg contents between 2 and 20 pM using 500-mL aliquots. Verification of the analytical accuracy and precision of the method was demon- strated using aqueous laboratory and NBS standard reference materials spiked into acidified natural water samples at picomolar levels. Sample exposure to laboratory air containing elevated Hg was identified as a potentially serious source of Hg contamination. Additional studies revealed that the bulk of Hg in open ocean and coastal seawater (>/88%) consists of labile species which are imme- diately reactive to SnC12 reduction under acidic conditions. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Calif., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

87:4972 Gon~alves, M.D.L.S., Laura Sigg, Max Reutlinger

and Werner Stumm, 1987. Metal ion binding by biological surfaces. Voltammetric assessment in the presence of bacteria. Sci. total Environment, 60:105-119. Centro de Quimica Estrutural, Inst. Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal.

87:4973 Guevara, M. and S.P. Verma, 1987. Comparison of

matrix effect correction and direct intensity- concentration relationship methods for major element analysis of geological materials by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. X-ray Spectrometry, 16(2):87-94. Dept. de Geotermia, Inst. de Inves- tigaciones Electricas, Apdo. Postal 475, Cuer- navaca, Mor. 62000, Mexico.

87:4974 Labrecque, J.J. and P.A. Rosales, 1986. Application

of an Apple Ile microprocessor for data acqui- sition and analysis in instrumental neutron acti- vation analysis with a low energy photon detector. J. radioanalyt, nucl. Chem., (Articles)102(2):377- 384. Internatl. Atomic Energy Agcy., P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.

87:4975 Nelson, A., P. Valenta and E.I. Hamilton (eds.),

1987. Electrochemical methods. A collection of invited papers dedicated to the memory of Professor Dr. Hans Wolfgang Ntlrnberg for his contributions to the development and appli- cation of electrochemical methods in the envi- ronmental sciences. Special issue. Sci. total Environment, 60:276pp; 18 papers.