Voice, Framing, and Intertextuality

Presented by:

Fajrihani SwastikaInayah Mulia Dewi

Muhammad Al GhifariParastika Heavi Nur Anggreany

Yani Purnama Sari

Voice in Texts

We hear voice through

and…

Voice in Text?

Voice in text is associated with the basic vision of a writer, his/her general attitude toward the world.

According to Amy M. Newman, there are two parts of voice

1. The author’s voice2. The character’s voice

The Author’s Voice

The author’s voice is the style in which one writes.

exm : Ernest Hemingway writes in short, convise, to the point sentences.

The Character’s Voice

The character’s voice is basically how the main character views the world.

Example: An older person might compare a bright sunset to a bomb bursting over his aircraft carrier during the Second World War, whereas a teenager might compare it to the flash of fire in her boyfriend’s eyes.

Characteristics of Voice in Texts based on Peter Elbow’s What Do We Mean When We Talk about Voice in Texts

• Audible voice• Dramatic voice• Recognizable or Distinctive• Voice with Authority• Resonant Voice or Presence

Sylvia Plath’s The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath

I lay and cried, and began to feel again, to admit I was human, vulnerable, sensitive. I began to remember how it had been before; how there was that germ of positive creativeness. Character is fate; and damn, I’d better work on my character. I had been withdrawing into a retreat of numbness: it is so much safer not to feel, not to let the world touch one. But my honest self revolted at this, hated me for doing this. Sick with conflict, destructive negative emotions, frozen into disintegration I was, refusing to articulate, to spew forth these emotions – they festered in me, growing big, distorted, like pus-bloated sores. Small problems, mentions of someone else’s felicity, evidence of someone else’s talents, frightened me, making me react hollowly, fighting jealousy, envy, hate. Feeling myself fall apart, decay, rot, and the laurels wither and fall away, and my past sins and omissions strike me with full punishment and import. All this, all this foul, sludge ate away at my insides. Silent, insidious.

End of Session 1(Here’s a cool gif. for you..)

Framing for Reading

Framing of the text

Framing refers to the process of the people looking at a text from a variety of perspectives that they built as a material consideration for interpreting or understanding the text.

MacLachan and Reid (1994) describe the four types of framing as follows:

• Extratextual framing occurs when a reader using information outside the text, such as his knowledge and experience to assist in interpreting and understanding the text.

• Intratextual framing is when a reader uses cues, such as headings and sub-headings, and referential words such as "this" and "that" to interpret or understand the text.

• Circumtextual framing occurs when a reader takes into account the cover of a book or journal, and peripheral features such as title and abstract to build a picture of the text.

•Intertextual framing is when a reader connecting their text with another text to understand the text that they have.

Examples of FramingPara ilmuwan Finlandia meneliti 8000 orang dengan melihat

ujung jari kelingking yang bengkok ke dalam. Ditemukan 46 persen pria lebih beresiko meninggal di usia muda akibat serangan jantung dibandingkan pria tanpa osteoarthritis. Alasan hubungan ini belum jelas, namun para ahli memprediksikan hal ini sebagai akibat tingkat lemak yang tinggi dalam darah yang dapat menutupi arteri, atau osteoarthritis dapat juga menunjukan rendahnya tingkat hormon testosteron yang melindungi pria terhadap penyakit jantung.

Baca informasi lengkapnya di: http://www.deherba.com/deteksi-gangguan-kesehatan-hanya-dari-telapak-tangan.html#ixzz2hHwn9qTk

Examples of FramingAbout 11.40 p.m.Captain Smith was awakened by the collision and rushed to the bridge. He received the report of the accident from Murdoch and then made a quick inspection of the ship with Thomas Andrews. He immediately ordered the boats prepared but wavered when it came to giving the order to load and lower them Lightoller had to approach him for the order which he eventually gave.Surprisingly little is known about Smith's actions in the last two hours of the ships life. His legendary skills of leadership seem to have left him, he was curiously indecisive and unusually cautious.He was last seem in the bridge area having given the final order to abandon ship. He appears to have made no attempt to save himself. His body, if recovered, was never identified.

Source:http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/titanic-victim/edward-john-smith.html

There are conflicting accounts of Smith's death. Initially, rumours that he had committed suicide by shooting himself were reported by the Washington Times and the French paper L'Excelsiorbased off the survivor accounts of Gretchen Longley and Mrs Washington Dodge; surviving crew men however, vigorously denied this rumour. When working to free Collapsible B, Junior Marconi Officer Harold Bride saw a crew member who he claimed was Smith dive into the sea from near the bridge just as the final plunge began, a story which was corroborated by first class passenger Mrs Eleanor Widener, who was in Lifeboat No.4 (the closest to the sinking ship) at the time. It has been affirmed that the man who Bride and Mrs Widener saw jump from the bridge may have been Lightoller, who was seen jumping at this time.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Smith_(sea_captain)

End of Session 2(Here’s another cool gif. for you..)

Intertextuality

Intertextuality Notions of relationality, interconnectedness and

interdependence

Intertextuality and Repetition

Intertextuality in Interaction: Creating Identity

Intertextuality and Power

A person using text to appropriate both prior text AND prior human actions

with those texts.

Meaning in language results from a complex relationship

linking items within a discourse and linking current to prior

instances of language

An active social process, a means of creating, sustaining, and/or challenging power relations.

Some texts refer directly to each other – such as in 'remakes' of films, extra-diegetic references to the media / society in the animated cartoon The Simpsons, and many amusing contemporary TV

ads.

The interpretation of these references is influenced by the audiences’ prior knowledge of

other texts.

Intertextuality in film

The Simpsons

• Almost every episode of The Simpsons contains at least one film reference to a famous film scene.

• The grabs on the following slides are from an episode where the Simpsons referenced Psycho

Intertextuality - Simpsons

Intertextuality - Simpsons

Intertextuality - Simpsons

Sherlock Holmes vs Gregory House

-Can deduce a great deal from justlooking at a person.-Holmes' creator based the character is

doctor.-His name sounds like "Homes“-Sherlock Holmes fought deadly criminals-Used cocaine to escape boredom-Holmes calls even his best friend by his

last name-Arrogant. Said humility would be a lie-His closest friend had problems with a

wound in his leg (although initially, the wound was in his shoulder)

• Gregory House, MD• Greg House is a doctor• His name is another word for "Home“• Fights deadly germs, diseases and

other medical problems.• Uses Vicodin for pain in his leg, and

also for boredom and the pain of dealing with "stupid" people.

• House calls all his associates by their last names

• Greg House is extremely arrogant.- Watches soaps, plays video games,

etc.- Has a medical problem in his leg.

End of Session 3(Even more gifs for you..)

Thanks For Your Attention