voice activated traffic management system using apr 9600 based on embedded system

International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Studies (IJSRES)

Volume 1 Issue 3, September 2014

ISSN: 2349-8862

www.ijsres.com Page 30

Voice Activated Traffic Management System Using Apr 9600 Based

On Embedded System

Sivasankari.S.A

Lavanya.G

Assistant Professor, Saveetha School Of Engineering,

Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai

Vimal Kumar.M

Student, Saveetha School Of Engineering, Saveetha

University, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai

Abstract: The main aim of this project is render safety to

the people using vehicles. In this paper it is going to control

and provide safety to the traffic. Here it is going to manage

and control the traffic using voice activated systems. That is

instead of using traffic lights and sign boards etc. going to

store some standard messages on a voice IC and these ICs are going to be used in both the transmitter side as well as

receiver side. A transmitter is going to be placed at the

required places and is going to regularly transmit particular

stored messages. For the transmission purpose we are using

Infra-Red signals. All the vehicles will be fitted with

standard frequency receivers. The IR receiver detects the

transmitted signal and gives the signal to the PIC which

analyzes the data and sends signal to the voice IC to display

the particular message.

Keywords: Apr 9600, Ir Sensors, Embedded Systems, Pic

Microcontroller 16xx.

I. INTRODUCTION

Electronics is a field which has found a prominent place

in the life and soul of everyday technology known to mankind

and unlocks a world of limitlessness unexplored possibilities

to be mastered by mankind. In this paper it is one such attempt

to explore the possibilities of microcontrollers.

We are using the PIC micros latest and powerful version of microcontroller along with voice IC to realize this paper to

alert the people using voice signals and manage the traffic

using the voice activated systems.

Products using microprocessor generally fall in to two

categories .The first category uses high performance

microprocessors in an application where system performance

is critical. In the second category of applications, the

performance is secondary uses of space, power, rapid

development are more critical than raw processing power.

The microprocessors of this category are often known as

microcontroller.

The microcontroller plays an very important role in our

day to day application. The embedded products use a

microcontroller to do and one task only. An embedded system

is defined as application design using dedicated hardware and

software. In this paper the PIC microcontroller is used.

In this paper we are giving alert to people on the road

sides and hill sides etc. We are using coded messages to alert

them instead of using boards and signals. We are using voice

IC to record the coded messages and this IC itself place the

messages by identifying that any vehicle arrives. We are using

IR receiver and transmitter in our project receives and

transmits IR signals and identifies the vehicles arriving at a

distance of 20 feet. Thus we are alerting people and provide

safety to them from any accidents.

A. BASICS

Security system is one of the essential and the most

needed system in all the fields nowadays. There are many

forms of security system. Some of them are password entry

system, finger print scanning system, Voice based system etc.

The embedded technology along with a range of available

communication medium is bound to bring a viable solution to

all the time consuming problems while require more accuracy

and speed. Among these we are interested to do in voice based

system. We would like to explain briefly about voice based

system. The purpose of our project is to alert passengers and

people in road side using voice signals. This ensures the safety

of the people. Our project is PIC microcontroller based one.

Because it is highly performable.

II. EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Without even being aware of we are surrounded by

embedded systems. In our daily life we are using number of

embedded system. The desktop computers with a most of us

are familiar as well as work station and mainframe computers

are general purpose computers in that we use them for

performing a variety of everyday task such as accounting,

word processing and scientific calculation. In contrast, an

embedded system performs as single-well defined peripherals

and software used for specific purpose.

Like any other computing system an embedded system is

a combination of hardware and software. Likewise hardware is

a general purpose computer is typically predefined consisting



ISSN: 2349-8862


of a CPU, monitor, input device and may have secondary

storage devices. In case of an embedded system the hardware

is generally custom built for the system specific purpose.

Microcontrollers drive the revolution in embedded

intelligence. We use more than as many microcontrollers in

the embedded intelligence revolution.

A. REQUIREDMENTS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Reliability. Cost effectiveness. Low power consumption. Efficient use of processing power. Efficient use of memory. Appropriate execution time. Replace manpower.

B. MICROCONTROLLER BASED SYSTEMS

The block diagram above which explains that this paper is

based on PIC. TSOP which is the IR receiver , which receives

IR signals. PIC which is the microcontroller APR9600 which

is the voice IC. The APR9600 device incorporates several

features designed to help simply microcontroller controlled

message management. When controlling messages the

microcontroller essentially toggles pins manages the message

section. The BUSY, strobe and M7-END pins or included to

simplify hand shaking between the microprocessor and the

APR9600. The BUSY pin when low indicates to the host

processor that the device is busy and that no commands can be

currently accepted. When this pin is high the device is ready to

accept and execute commands from the host. The strobe pin

pulses low each time a message segments is used. Counting

pulses on this pin enables the host processor to accurately

determine how much recording time has been used, and how

much recording time remains. The APR9600 has total of 8

memory segments.

Figure1

C. MICROCONTROLLER BASED SYSTEM

The M7-END pin is used as an indicator that the device

has stopped its current record or playback operation. During

recording a low going pulse indicates that all memory has

been used. During playback a low pulse indicates that the last

message has played. Microcontroller control can also be used

to link several APR9600 devices together in order to increase

the total available recording time. In this application both the

speaker and the microphone signals can be connected in

parallel. The microprocessor will then control which device

currently drives the speaker by enabling or disabling each

device using their respective CE pins. A continuous message

cannot be recorded in multiple devices however because the

transition from one device to the next will incur the delay that

is noticeable upon playback. For this reason it is

recommended that message boundaries and device boundaries

always coincide.

D. IR SENSORS

The power usage of original NAND oscillator can be

reduced without any loss of functionality. The usage of IR

sensors the oscillator will be used to generate square wave at a

desired frequency. The wave is fed into a transistor that

derives an infrared LED ON and OFF very rapidly. Infrared

receiver chips are available at 36, 38, 40KHZ. We are using

here as 38KHZ. These receivers are sensitive to oscillations

several KHZ to either side, although the reception distance

improves with a better signal to start with.

If used for object detection the signal needs to travel the

distance to the object bounce of the object and then travel the

distance back to the receiver. So the distance becomes the

factor here we use the IR sensors which can sense the

transmission up to 20 feet and can be designed to sense up to

more distance by using a different circuits as transmitter

section and receiver section by using low power CMOS

version.

III. POWER SUPPLY

This paper needs a simple single polarity DC power

supply. The existing power supplies may be too big either in

power output or physical size. Just a simple power supply is

required.

For most non-critical applications the best and a simplest

choice for a voltage regulator is the 3-terminal type. The 3

terminal are input, ground and output. The 78XX and 79XX

series can provide up to 1A load current and it has on-chip

circuitry to prevent damage in the event of over- heating or

excessive current. That is the chip simply shuts down rather

than blowing out. These regulators are inexpensive, easy to

use and they make it practical to design a system with many

PCBs in which an unregulated supply is brought in and

regulation is done locally on each circuit board.

This power supply circuit provides a single DC power

supply with the appropriate choice of transformer and 3-

terminal voltage regulator pairs we can easily build a small

power supply delivering up to 1A. Voltage regulators 7812

and 7805 are fitted with this circuit to give +12V and +5V

respectively.

TSOP PIC APR 9600



ISSN: 2349-8862


A. TRANSMITTER

Figure 2: Transmitter

The above diagram shows the basic block diagram of the

transmitter part of the voice activated traffic management

system. Here the stored voice message will be given from the

voice IC to the PIC micro controller. The PIC micro controller

is going to sense the data and gives they signal to the IR

transmitter. The IR transmitter is going to continuously

transmit the signal using IR waves.

B. RECEIVER

Figure 3: Receiver

The above diagram shows the basic block diagram of the

receiver part of the voice activated traffic management system.

Here the IR sensor is going to sense the transmitted IR signals

and sends the signal to the PIC controller. The PIC is going to

analyze the Data and switch on the respective switch of the

voice IC and the corresponding message will be displayed on

the loud speaker.

IV. MICROCONTROLLER UNIT

A. NEED FOR MICROCONTROLLER

A single chip microcomputer is obtained by integrating all

the components of a microcomputer in one IC package. Hence

apart from CPU such a single chip microcomputer will

therefore contain its own clock generator and some amount of

ROM,EPROM,RAM, and I/O ports, on the same chip if may

also have other features like timer/counter, USART/UART,

analog I/O channels etc. on that chip. Firstly when the

microcomputer system is designed specifically for a particular

task like special interfacing tasks. It is not advisable to go for a

microprocessor based design which uses so many chips, But

does not utilize the full power of the microprocessor.

Hence micro controller have designed which results in

reduced no. of Chips, less occupation of the space, more

reliability, and less cost, the microcomputer acts as slaves to

large microcomputer system in performing specialized

interfacing tasks such as Digital cassettes, storage systems,

floppy disc controller, industrial process control system etc.

B. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

As we have seen above this project uses three main

components. They are IR receivers. PIC micro controller and

the voice IC. In this part we are going to look at the hardware

description of these three main components. Firstly the IR

receiver used in this project is the TSOP 1738. This IR

receiver is used to receive the IR signals transmitted from the

TSOP

1738 IR

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VOICE

IC APR

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PIC

16F877 LO

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APR

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PIC IR

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ISSN: 2349-8862


transmitter. The voice signals are stored in the voice IC APR

9600. This voice IC can store voice signals up to 60 seconds.

The voice signal stored in the Voice IC, can be of continuous

length or of bits of messages totally of length up to 60

seconds. Here the IR receiver receives the signal from the

transmitter and the corresponding message has to be sent to

the loud speaker. For this purpose the voice IC has the facility

of selecting the required message by switching on the

respective switch. This process is carried out by the PIC micro

controller PIC 16F877. This is one of the latest micro

controller version available in the series of PIC 16F87X. The

hardware description of each components used in this project

are explained as below.

V. IR RECEIVER-TSOP 1738

The TSOP 17.. - series are miniaturized receivers for infrared

remote control systems. PIN diode and preamplifier receivers

for infrared remote control systems. PIN diode and

preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package

is designed as IR filter.

The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by

a microprocessor. TSOP 17.. - series is the standard IR remote

control receiver series, supporting all major transmission

codes.

A. FEATURES

The main features of the IR receiver TSOP 1738 are as follows.

Photo detector and preamplifier in one package. Internal filter for PCM frequency. Improved shielding against electrical field

disturbances.

TTL and CMOS compatibility. Output active low. Low power consumption. High immunity against ambient light. Continuous data transmission possible(up to 2400

bps).

Suitable burst length >=10cycles/burst.

VI. PIC MICRO CONTROLLER PIC 16F877

The PIC denotes PERIPHERAL INTERFACE

CONTROLLER. Peripheral Interface Controller consists of a

powerful CPU tightly coupled with memory

(RAM,ROM,EEPROM) various I/O features such as serial

ports, parallel ports, timer/counters, interrupt controller, data

acquisition interfaces, in-built Analog to Digital

converter(ADC), everything into a single chip.

A. PIC-CORE FEATURES:

The core features of the PIC 16F877 Peripheral Interface

Controller, that is the PIC micro controller are as follows:

High performance RISC CPU. Only 35 single instructions to learn. All branches cycles instructions except for program

branches that are two cycles.

Operating speed: DC- 20 MHZ clock input. DC- 200ns instruction cycle.

Up to 8k*14 words of FLASH program memory. Up to 368*8 bytes of EEPROM data memory. Power on Reset(POR). Power saving sleep mode. Low power, high speed CMOS FLASH/EEPROM

technology.

Commercial and industrial temperature ranges. Low power consumption.



ISSN: 2349-8862


B. PIC- FEATURES

The features of the PIC 16F877 PIC micro controllers are

as follows.

Timer 0:8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler. Timer1:16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, can be

incremented during sleep via external clock/crystal.

Timer 2:8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler

Two capture, compare, PWM Modules. Capture is 16-bit, maximum resolution is 12.5. Compare is 16-bit, maximum resolution is 200ns. 10-bit multi-channel Analog to Digital Converter. Synchronous serial port(SSP) with SPI(master mode) and

I2C(master/slave).

Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter(USART/SCI) with 9-bit address detection.

Brown-out detection circuitry for Brown-out Reset(BOR).

VII. ARCHITECTURE

In hardware architecture there are two types of memory as

Data memory

Program memory

Using separate buses can access these two memories.

This improves the bandwidth over Von-Newmann in

which program and data are fetched from same memory

using same bus.

CPU:

It is called as brain of the device and is responsible for

fetching the correct instruction for execution, decoding the

instruction as well as control the program memory, address

bus, data memory address bus and access to the stack.

ALU AND STATUS REGISTER:

It performs arithmetic and boolean function between the

data in the working register and any register file. ALU may

affect the values of carry and zero bits in status register.

It contains arithmetic status of ALU, RESET status and

band select bit for data memory.

PROGRAM COUNTER AND STACK:

It specifies the address to fetch for execution. The lower

byte as PCL register and PCH as higher byte.

The stack contains the written address from this branch in

program execution. It allows the combination up to 8 program

calls and interrupts to occur.

INSTRUCTION BUS AND INSTRUCTION CYCLE:

The bus is used to transfer words from program memory

to CPU. The events for an instruction to execute are: Decode,

Read, Execute and Write. There are four external clock cycles

to make one instruction cycle.

INSTRUCTION FETCH:

Due to the Harvard architecture when one instruction to

be executed the next location in program memory is fetched

and ready to be decoded as soon as currently executing

instruction is completed.

POST SCALER AND PRE SCALER:

A post scaler circuit that slows the rate of interrupt

generation from the counter and timer by dividing by down.

A pre scaler circuit that slows the rate of clocking source

to counter or timer.

POWER ON RESET AND POWER UP TIMER:

POR:

The circuitry which determines if the devices power

supply voltage arose from a powered down level. If the device

power supply voltage raising from ground a device RESET

occurs and PWRT is started.

PWRT:

A timer which holds the internal RESET signal low for

timed delay to allow the device voltage to reach the valid

operating voltage range. Once the timer times out the OST

circuitry is enabled.

PROGRAM BUS COUNTER AND MEMORY:

The bus used to transfer instruction words from program

memory to the CPU. Program counter is the register which

specifies the address in program memory that contains the

next instruction to execute. Program memory is the area in a

PIC micro microcontroller where the instructions are stored.

OST(Oscillator Start-up Timer)

This timer counts 1024-crystal/resonator oscillator clock

cycle before releasing the internal RESET signal.

WDT(Watch Dog Timer)

A timer on a PIC micro microcontroller that resets the

processor after a selectable length of time. The WDT is

enabled or disabled and setup using configuration bits.

BROWN-OUT

A condition where the supply voltage of the device

temporarily falls below the specified minimum operation

point. This can occur when a load is switched on and causes

the system/device voltage to drop.

BROWN-OUT RESET(BOR)

Circuitry which will force the device to the RESET state

if the devices power supply voltage falls below a specified voltage level. Some devices have an internal BOR circuit,

while other devices would require an external circuit to be

created.

I/O PORTS

Some pins for these I/O ports are multiplexed with an

alternate function for the peripheral features on the device. In

general, when a peripheral is enabled, that pin may not be used

as a general purpose I/O pin.

PORT A AND THE TRIS A REGISTER

PORT A is a 6-bit wide, bi-directional port. The

corresponding data direction register is TRIS A. Setting a

TRIS A bit=1 will make the corresponding PORT A pin an

input and clearing TRIS A bit=0 will make the corresponding

PORT A pin an output.

Pin RA4 is multiplexed with timer0 module clock input to

become RA4/T0CKI pin. This pin is Schmitt Trigger input and

an open drain output.

PORT B AND THE TRIS B REGISTER

It is an 8-bit wide and bi-directional port. Setting a TRIS

B bit=1 will make the corresponding PORT B pin an input and

the clearing will make corresponding pin an output. Three pins

of PORT B are multiplexed with low voltage programming

function. RB3/PGM, RB6/PGP and RB7/PGB.



ISSN: 2349-8862


PORT C AND THE TRIS C REGISTER

PORT C is an 8-bit wide, bi-directional port. The

corresponding data direction register is TRIS C. Setting a

TRIS C bit=1 will make the corresponding PORT C pin an

input and clearing a TRIS C bit=0 will make the

corresponding PORT C pin an output. PORT C is multiplexed

with several peripheral functions PORT C pins have Schmitt

Trigger input buffers.

PORT D AND TRIS D REGISTERS

PORT D and TRIS D are not implemented on the

PIC16F873 or PIC16F876. PORT D is an 8-bit port with

Schmitt Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually

configurable as an input or output. PORT D can be configured

as an 8-bit wide microprocessor port by setting control bit

PSPMODE. In this mode, the input buffers are TTL.

PORT E AND TRIS E REGISTER

PORT E AND TRIS E are not implemented on the

PIC16F873 or PIC16F876. PORT E has three

pins(RE0/RD/AN5,RE1/WR/AN6, AND RE2/CS/AN7) which

are individually configurable as inputs or outputs. These pins

have Schmitt Trigger input buffers. The PORT E pins become

the I/O control inputs for the microprocessor port when bit

PSPMODE is set. In this mode, the user must make certain

that the bits are set, and that the pins are configured as digital

inputs. Also ensure that ADCON1 is configured for digital I/O.

In this mode, the input buffers are TTL.

Register 3-1 shows the TRIS E register, which also

controls the parallel slave port operation. PORT E pins are

multiplexed with analog inputs. When selected for analog

input, these pins will read as 0's. TRIS E controls the

direction of the RE pins, even when they are being used as

analog inputs. The user must make sure to keep the pins

configured as inputs when using them as analog inputs.

VIII. VOICE IC-APR9600

It is a single chip voice recording and playback device. It

can store voice signals up to 60 seconds duration. The stored

voice signal can be continuous or number of bits of total time

length of 60 seconds.

A. FEATURES

Single-chip, high-quality voice recording & playback solution.

No external IC's required.

Minimum external components. Non-volatile Flash memory technology.

No battery backup required. User-Selectable messaging options

Random access of multiple fixed-duration messages.

Sequential access of multiple variable-duration messages.

User-friendly, easy-to-use operation. Programming & development systems not

required.

Level-activated recording & edge-activated play back switches.

Low power consumption. Operating current: 25mA typical.

Standby current:1microA typical.

Automatic power-down. Chip Enable pin for simple message expansion.

B. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voice

recording, non-volatile storage, and playback capability for 40

to 60 seconds. The device supports both random and

sequential access of multiple messages. Sample rates are user-

selectable, allowing designers to customize their design for

unique quality and storage time needs. Integrated output

amplifier, microphone amplifier, and AGC circuits greatly

simplify system design. The device is ideal for use in portable

voice recorders, toys and many other consumer and industrial

applications. APLUS integrated achieves these high levels of

storage capability by using its proprietary analog/multilevel

storage technology implemented in an advanced Flash non-

volatile memory process, where each memory cell can store

256 voltage levels. This technology enables the APR9600

device to reproduce voice signals in their natural form. It

elimates the need for encoding and compression, which often

introduce distortion.

IX. RESULTS



ISSN: 2349-8862


X. APPLICATION

It is used in hill sides and road ways to alert people. It is used to reduce accidents takes place in non-

police constables area.

It is used instead of signals and boards. It is helpful to alert people and provide safety to their

journey.

REFERENCES

[1] PCM remote control system for micro controller based

system.

[2] 8-bit CMOS flash micro controllers for PIC 16XX.

[3] Single chip voice recording and playback based on

APR9600.

voice activated traffic management system using apr 9600 based on embedded system

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