VOCATIONAL TRAINING: POWERTEL

VOCATIONAL TRAINING: POWERTEL

Building infowaysBridging distances

Project Report: By:Sagnik Mukherjee & Shubham Goswami (BE - 2ND YEARDEPT. OF ELECTRONICS & TEL.COMM ENGG. JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY ) Project Guide : Mr. C.B. Tiwari & Mr. A.K. Singh

PowerGrid: An Overview A Navaratna Company Incorporated in 1989 for transmitting bulk power across the country Central Transmission Utility of India Second Largest Transmission Utility in the WorldCarries more than 51% of Indias total power generationTransformation capacity- 1,51,303 MVACumulative Inter-regional power transfer capacity of National Grid 28,000 MW

POWERGRID- DIVERSIFICATION INTO TELECOM BUSINESS

In 2001, PowerGrid diversified into telecom business under the brand name PowerTelPowerGrid had certain projects (viz ERP and NTAMC) in mind in order to leverage its Transmission businessThese required fast broadband optic fiber communication network internallyTherefore, POWERGRID diversified into Telecom business in the year 2001 to utilize the spare optic fibre capacity of its Unified Load Dispatch Centre (ULDC) schemes, leveraging its country wide transmission infrastructure. Significant revenue with respect to insignificant Incremental Investment

PowerTel at a GLANCEOnly Telecom Service provider in the country having Pan India overhead optic fiber network on its Extra High Voltage transmission lines.

One of the few to have a reach to Srinagar (J&K) and North Eastern States.

Implementing Agency for major Telecom Projects of Govt. of India Viz. National Knowledge Network (NKN) & National Optic Fiber Network(NOFN)

Telecom Equipment and Familiarisation

Telecom Equipment And FamiliarizationSMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply)Converts 3-Ph A.C. input power supply to D.C. by virtue of programmable rectifiers present in it.Charges the battery Van which in turn provides the power supply for all the other telecom equipments. Suppliers of SMPS for PowerTel: Huawei, AmaraRaja

Telecom Equipment And FamiliarizationBattery Van:Charged by D.C. Power Supply from SMPSGenerates a -48V voltage supply (standard voltage supply for telecom equipments)Suppliers: AmaraRaja System Rack: Contains the Fiber Optic Distribution Panel (FODP)Suppliers: SER&M, Tellabs, HCL,ZTE

Telecom Equipment And Familiarization

System RackBattery Van

Digital Transmission SystemsThe two modes of transmission used are:SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)DWDM(Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH)SDH is a transmission protocol or it is a set of rules for transmitting the data from source to destination via optical fiber.In a set of Synchronous signals, the digital transitions in the signals occur at exactly the same rate. There may be a phase difference between the transitions of the two signals, and this would lie on specified

The Network Elements of SDH :Regenerator (Reg.): Regenerates the clock and amplifies the incoming distorted and attenuated signal. It derive the clock signal from the incoming data stream. Terminal Multiplexer (TM): It combines the Plesionchronous and synchronous input signals into higher bit rate STM-N Signal. Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM):Extraction from & insertion into high speed SDH bit streams of Plesionchronous and lower bit rate synchronous signal. Digital Cross Connect (DXC):Equipment which has the capability of interconnecting tributaries

DWDM Wavelength-division multiplexing(WDM) is a technology whichmultiplexesa number ofoptical carriersignals onto a singleoptical fiberby using differentwavelengths(i.e., colors) oflaserlight. This technique enables bidirectionalcommunications over one strand of fiber, as well as multiplication of capacity. Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) refers originally to optical signals multiplexed within the 1550nm band so as to leverage the capabilities (and cost) which are effective for wavelengths between approximately 15251565nm (C band), or 15701610nm (L band). DWDM replaces the old SDH/SONET technology.

Various Components

Node View - TJ100MC1

Node view - TJ100MC4ZTE System Rack: (Has 40 channels each having STM-64 or 10Gbps capacity ie 40X10 Gbps capacity)

Comparative Analysis SDH DWDMWorks on the principle of TDM(Time Division Multiplexing)Information carrying capacity is lowerEach wavelength component requires a pair of fibres, hence setup is expensive compared to that of DWDM.Cross connections are made using software simulationMainly used for intra-city connections, for low bandwidth usage. Works on the principle of WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing)Information carrying capacity is higherMultiple wavelength components can be simultaneously transmitted in a single fibre over multiple channels, hence cheaper.Cross connects are manually made.Mainly used for inter-city connections, for high bandwidth usage.

Comparative AnalysisSDHDWDM

Bandwidth ManagementBandwidth in a digital communication system is the number of bits of data transmitted or received per second; (expressed in bps, kbps, Mbps,etc) hence it is often referred to as Digital Bandwidth.

*STM=Synchronous Transport Module DS=Digital SignalLink NomenclatureSpeedE12 MbpsE334 MbpsDS-345 MbpsSTM-1155 MbpsSTM-4622 MbpsSTM-162.5 GbpsSTM-6410 Gbps

Fibre Management

Fibre Management

Principle : Optic Fibre is a transparent fiber made of high quality extruded glass (silica) or plastic Can function as awaveguide, or light pipe,to transmit light between the two ends of the fibreWorks on the principle of TIR(Total Internal Reflection).Photons, the units of optical energy are used to transmit, store and process informationPower over Fiber(PoF) optic cables can also work to deliver an electric current for low-power electric devices

Fibre managementConstruction: There are 3 functional components :Core: (8micron)Silica glass with Germanium(typical)Purpose: Signal transmissionCladding: (125 micron)Silica glass(typical)Purpose: Signal containmentBuffer(250 micron) & Jacket(400 micron):Dual layer, UV cured acrylate (typical)Purpose: Mechanical Protecion

Fibre Management The broad two types of optical fibres are:Single Mode: Supports only one stable mode of propagation.Multi Mode: Supports more than one stable mode of propagation.

Fibre ManagementSingle Mode FibreMulti Mode FibreTypical Core Diameter:8.3 micronLower attenuationLower DispersionLonger reach with high data rate transmission(greater than 50km with STM-4)Expensive(LASER is used)Used in telecom CATV at 1310 and1550 nm

Typical Core Diameters: 62.5micron & 50 micronHigher attenuationHigher DispersionShorter reach with high data rate transmission(less than 0.5km with STM-4)Cheaper(LED is used)Used in LAN under 2km at 850 and 1300 nm.

Fibre ManagementTypes of Fibre Connectors

Fibre Management

Fibre ManagementAdvantages of Optic Fibre Technology:Extremely high Bandwidth ie high information carrying capacityVery low attenuation(0.02db/km), no cross talk and disturbancesLow Cost as compared to copperImmune to EMI(Electromagnetic interference) and RFI(radiofrequency interference)Dielectric in nature, so not susceptible to electrical surroundingsSmall size, light weight, easy to install and difficult to tap (hence secure)

Fibre ManagementTechnology deployed:UGOFC(Under-Ground Optic Fibre Cable) has been provided to create PoP (Point of Presence) where s/s or overhead line is not availableOPGW (Optical Fibre Ground Wire )over high voltage Transmission line OPGW: Installed about 29,279 Kms of Telecom Network (OPGW - 19,656 Kms & UGOFC - 9,623 Kms).

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Fibre ManagementOPGW Technology:Used in the construction of electric power distribution and transmission linesFunctions in both grounding and communicationsOptical fibres within the cable can be used for high-speed transmission of dataConductive part of the cable serves to bond adjacent towers toearth ground, and shields thehigh voltageconductors fromlightningstrikesFree from vandalism and rodents(due to overhead connection)

Fibre Management Investigation of the soil before using trenchless techniques Methods for inspecting and repairing underground plastic ductsFast mapping of underground NetworksLow environmental impact trenching technique Mini-trench installation techniqueMicro-trench installation techniqueLow impact trenching technique for FTTx networks Steps for Installation of Optical Fibres

Trouble-Shooting and Maintenance

Trouble-shooting and MaintenanceOTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) :Optoelectronicinstrument used to characterize anoptic fiber. It is the optical equivalent of an electronictime domain Reflectometer. Injects a series of optical pulses into the fiber under test. Extracts, from the same end of the fiber,lightthat is scattered (Rayleigh backscatter) or reflected back from points along the fibre. The strength of the return pulses is measured and integrated as a function oftime, and plotted as a function of fiber length.Application :Provides us the distance of line-fault from a given end.

Trouble-shooting and MaintenanceOPM(Optical Power Meter)Used to measure the power in opticalsignal. Measures average power infiber opticsystems. Consists of acalibrated sensor, measuringamplifierand display. The sensor primarily consists of a photodiodeselected for the appropriate range ofwavelengthsand power levels.Power is expressed in dBm measured wrt 1mW power(0dBm)Sensors are semiconductor materials like Silicon, Germanium, GaAs, etc each having a specific operating wavelength range.[Eg: GaAs sensors are mostly used for single-mode fibre testing at 1270 - 1650nm.

Troubleshooting and MaintenanceSplicing: [ Process of jointing optical fibres with each other ]Done by controlled melting of optical fibres resulting in softening of glass after which fibres are fed togetherUses heat created from an electrical arc Melting Point: around 1600-2000 degree Celsius

Network Management System(NMS) Real time monitoring of the telecom network through state of the art National Telecom control centre at DelhiFault Management in a 24x7 basisCustomer support HELPDESKTechnical supportDedicated and focused approach on RTCCs at Kolkata,Delhi,Mumbai&Bengaluru.

Marketing and Commerce

Marketing and CommerceTelecom Licenses: National Long Distance(NLD) licenseISP Category A license to provide internet services in the countryIP-I to provide Telecom InfrastructureCustomersUnified Access Service ProvidersNLDOs( eg. NIC,RailTel, BSNL ,Airtel, Prasar Bharati )ILDOsISPs (eg. AMTRON,NEEPCO,HPSEB)Call CentresGovt AgenciesCorporate Customers & MNCs

Marketing and CommerceBUSINESS ASPECTS: STRENGTH:Only service provider with OPGW.Having Pan India presence.No twisting, Vandalism proof.Free RoW (Right of Way).Existing Transmission line maintenance and monitoring team can take care of the O&M of OPGW.Healthy financial condition.Highly technical manpower.Full support from Government of India ( as POWERGRID is a Govt. Company)

Marketing and Commerce WEAKNESS:As POWERGRIDs transmission line & Substations are away from the city/town, connecting to main cities is a challenge. OPPURTUNITY:Possibility to gather most of the telecom bandwidth business.Penetration in interior and hilly areas.Telecom business in NER and J&K (disturbed areas) region.Monopoly in Telecom Infrastructure with OPGW technology

Marketing and CommerceRelevance of Telecom Business:Implementation of System Coordination and Control (SC&C) projects for better overall coordination and effective management of interconnected grid networks. Real time monitoring & better management of grid through Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) & Energy Management System (EMS) technologies which require dedicated wideband communication networks.

Marketing and CommerceOngoing/Upcoming Projects:National Knowledge Network(NKN):NKN is Multi-Gigabit Pan-India network designed to ensure the highest level of availability, quality of services and robust, secure and reliable connectivity for extending network based services. Consists of an ultra high speed core links (10 Gigabits per second), DHQ Links (1 Gigabit per second), and edge links (100 Megabit/1 Gigabit per second). Connects approximately 1500+ educational, governance, healthcare and research institutions with connectivity upto district level with NIC as the nodal agencyTower Infrastructure Business:Towers leased to companies and for laying their transmission lines .Around 1500 towers present currently.PowerTel is planning to double this number in the recent future

Marketing and CommerceNational Optic Fibre Network: Govt of India Project to connect 2,50,000 Gram Panchayats (GP) in the country to form a seamless optical fibre network, utilizing the existing optical fibre network of BSNL, POWERGRID and RAILTEL. Allocation of Gram Panchayats to BSNL, POWERGRID, Railtel in 3:1:1 ratioEstimate cost of the project- Rs 20,000 CrSchedule Time Line for completion 24 months NOFN will be executed by an SPV named Bharat Broadband Network Ltd (BBNL).

Marketing and CommerceEnterprise Resource Planning(ERP): Integrated Information System across the organization to ensure smooth operation through deployment of various resources (Man, Material, Machine etc.) in effective manner. Integration of different functional and geographically dispersed regions/sub-stations through cross-functional, process-oriented and virtually integrated enterprise resulting in improved decision making in day-to-day business transactions and reduction in transaction & coordination costs. Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) :High-performance telecommunication networks that direct data from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a routing table.

Marketing and CommerceNational Transmission Asset Management Centre(NTAMC)Aim is to have a completely unmanned substation except security personnel. Operations will be done from a remote centralized location i.e. NTAMC. The RTAMC will co-ordinate the maintenance aspect of the substation from a centralized location and will act as a backup to the NTAMC for operation. The maintenance activities would be carried out by maintenance service hub (MSH) in coordination with RTAMCs.

Marketing and CommerceBusiness Strategies of PowerTel:Conservative Marketing, not aggressive like other private playersDoes not participate unless considerable profit margin( Revenue: Investment>2:1) Since it is a B-B service provider, relationships with customers are criticalPowerTel is looking forward to increase its network by another 33,000 kms.

AcknowledgementsThe project would not have been possible without the kind co-operation and assistance of the following :Telecom Equipment and Familiarization: Mr. Mukesh Rajput & Mr. Sushil Kr. ShuklaMarketing and Commerce: Mr. C.B. Tiwari & Mr. R.K. Singh Projects Mr. J.K. Jalaj & Mr. A.K. Singh Special Thanks to Mr. C.B. Tiwari for supervision and mentorship