Vocabulary for the Reading on Pages 416-417

The Constitution is the important law of the United States. It was

written at the time U.S. Independence, 1787. I has not been changed very often—so far only 27

ammendments (or changes).

consider (v.) = think about or have an opinion

guilty (adj.) = did something badtrial = the even that takes place in a courtroom, when the jury decides if a person is a guilty or not and then the judge decides what will happen to the person if he or she is guilty

open-minded (adj.) = not having any prejudice, open to thinking

about any idea. You haven’t already decided.

The jurors cannot be on the jury if they have already decided if the person is guilty before the trial

begins.

When a person is charged with a crime, he is considered innocent until the jury decides he is guilty.

(passive voice)

Who charges the person with the crime?

Usually the police, or a prosecuting attorney.

In the passive I’m not saying who, because everybody knows that.

Who considers the person innocent until proven guilty?

Everybody– I use the passive voice because the there is no one

subject. Everybody is the subject.

Many people are called to the courthouse.

Who calls them?Somebody who works for the court. I use passive because I don’t know

exactly who, and it isn’t very important.

Exercise 1 on Page 418: Which sentences are active? Which are

passive?

1. active (simple past)2. active (simple past)

3. passive (simple past)4. passive (future tense)5. passive (simple past)6. active (simple past)

7. passive (present perfect)8. passive (future)9. active (present)

10. active (simple present)

Exercise 2, Page 419

1. They will choose him.a) Make the object into the subject:

He

1. They will choose him.b) Put the verb “to be” into the

right verb tense.

He will be

1. They will choose him.c) Add the past participle of the

main verb.

He will be chosen.

2. They always choose you.a) Make the subject into the object:

You

2. They always choose you.b) Put the verb “to be” into the

right verb tense:

You are

2. They always choose you.c) Add the past participle:

You are always chosen.

3. They can’t choose them.

They can’t be chosen.

4. They have never chosen us.

We have never been chosen.

5. They didn’t choose me.

I wasn’t chosen.

6. They shouldn’t choose her.

She shouldn’t be chosen.

Exercise 3, Page 420(present tense)

1. Only people over 18 years old are selected for jury duty.

2. Questionnaires are sent to American citizens.

Exercise 4, Page 420(past tense)

1. I was told to go to the courthouse on Fifth Street.

2. My name was called.

Exercise 5, Page 421(present perfect tense)

1. Many articles have been written about the courts.

2. Many movies have been made about the courts.

Exercise 6, Page 421(future tense)

1. You will be told to stand up when the judge enters the room.

2. Each of you will be asked a lot of questions.

Exercise 7, Page 422Change active to passive: Be careful

to use the same tense:

1. The lawyers asked a lot of questions. The questions were

asked in order to find facts.

2. The court will pay us. We will be paid $20 a day.