Vocabulary All 082213

1. Absolute Value – the distance from zero on a number line

2. Acute Angle – angle with a degree measure of less than 90 degrees

3. Acute Triangle – triangle in which all angles are acute angles

4. Additive Identity – for any number @, @ + 0 = 0 + @

5. Additive Inverse – a number and its opposite, when added together have the sum of 0

6. Adjacent Angles – two angles that have a common side

7. Algebraic Expression – a math sentence with variables

8. Alternate Exterior Angles – pairs of angles on opposite sides of the transversal but outside the two lines

9. Alternate Interior Angles – pairs of angles on opposite sides of the transversal but inside the two lines

10. Altitude – in a triangle a segment from a vertex of a triangle to the opposite side touching I

11. Analyze - study something closely

12. Angle – two non-collinear rays with a common endpoint, rays – sides, endpoint – vertex

13. Angle Bisector – ray the divides an angle into two congruent angles

14. Angle of Depression –angle created between horizontal and line of sight below horizontal

15. Angle of Elevation – angle created between horizontal and line of sight above horizontal

16. Angle of Rotation – angle through which a preimage was rotated to form the image

17. Apothem – altitude from center of a regular polygon

18. Arc – part of a circle that is defined by two endpoints

19. Arithmetic Sequence – degree order

20. Associative Property – ( a + b ) +c = a + ( b + c ) who are you ‘hanging’ with

21. Axis – coordinate plane – identifiers of each dimension in a plane (x, y)

22. Axis – in a cylinder - segments with endpoints in the center of the bases

23. Axis of Symmetry – the line that divides the parabola into two equal parts

24. Base – the value that is raised to a power, holds up the exponent

25. Best-fit Line – estimation of pattern of a scatterplot

26. Biconditional – conjunction of a conditional statement and its converse

27. Binomial – two term mathematical expression

28. Boundary – a line separating two regions of a coordinate system

29. Center of Rotation – shapes move around fixed point to a new location

30. Central Angle – angle in a circle with a vertex at the center

31. Centroid – point of concurrency of the medians of a triangle (middle)

32. Chord – a segment of a line with endpoints on a circle

33. Circle – collection of points all equidistant from a central point

34. Circumcenter – point of congruency of the perpendicular bisectors of a triangle

35. Circumference – distance around a circle (perimeter)

36. Circumscribed – circle containing all the vertices of the enclose polygon

37. Closed Boundary – ‘or equal to’ when graphing inequalities

38. Coefficient – the number in front of the variable

39. Collinear – points that lie on the same line

40. Column Matrix – matrix with one column representing an ordered pair

41. Complementary Angles – two angles the have measure with a sum equal to 90 degrees

42. Component Form – vector expressed as an ordered pair Δx, Δy

43. Composite Number - a number that has more than two factors (not prime)

44. Composition of Reflections – successive reflections in parallel lines

45. Compound Inequality – two or more inequalities that are connected by the words and or or

46. Compound Statement – statement formed by joining two or more statements

47. Commutative Property – ( a )( b ) = ( b )( a )

48. Concave Polygon – polygon with a side that dips inward

49. Conclusion – in condition statement, statement that follows then

50. Concurrent Lines – three or more lines that intersect at a common point

51. Conditional Statement – statement in if – then form

52. Cone – circular base that concludes at a point

53. Congruent – having the same measure

54. Congruent Arcs – arcs that have the same measure

55. Congruent Solids – all angles, sides, faces, and volumes are equal

56. Congruent triangles – triangles with all parts equal

57. Conjecture – educated guess

58. Conjunction – compound statement joined with the word and

59. Consecutive Integers – integers in counting order

60. Consecutive Interior Angles – two angles inside two lines on the same side of the transversal

61. Construction – creating geometric figures without measuring tools (paper and pencil)

62. Constant – a number that does not change ( no variable )

63. Constant of Variation – k when y = kx (rate of change)

64. Continuous – a set of elements with no break, line graph, time, water, sand

65. Contrapositive – negating both parts of a conditional statement

66. Converse – swapping hypothesis and conclusion in condition statement

67. Convex Polygon – shape where all sides point out

68. Coordinate – a point on a number line

69. Coordinate Plane – plane containing x and y

70. Coordinate Proof - proof that uses figures and algebra to prove geometric concepts

71. Coordinate System – graph with horizontal and vertical axes

72. Coplanar – points that lie in the same plane

73. Corner View – perspective view

74. Corollary – statement that can be proven by a theorem

75. Corresponding Angles - are created where a transversal crosses other (usually parallel) lines. The corresponding angles are the ones at the same location at each intersection

76. Cosine – adjacent / hypotenuse

77. Counter Example – example to prove statement is not always true

78. Cross Products – ad = bc

79. Cylinder – prism with circular bases

80. Data – numerical information gathered for statistical purposes

81. Deductive Argument – proof using algebraic steps

82. Deductive Reasoning – system of reasoning used to reach a logical conclusion

83. Define a Variable – choose a symbol for a value

84. Degree – a unit of measure used to measure angles and arcs

85. Degree of a Monomial – the sum of the exponents of all its variable

86. Dependent –determined by whatever input is applied

87. Dependent Variable – the output that depends on a corresponding input (y)

88. Diagonal – a segment that connects nonconsecutive vertices

89. Diameter – in a circle, a line segment that passes through the center of a circle

90. Difference - subtraction

91. Difference of Squares - a 2 – b2 = ( a + b ) ( a- b )

92. Dilation – a transformation in which a figure is enlarged or reduced

93. Direct Isometry – image found when moving the figure intact in the same plane

94. Direct Variation – an equation where y = kx where k ≠ 0 (rate of change )

95. Direction – measure of the angle that a vector forms with + x-axis or any other x= a

96. Discrete – a set of elements that are disconnected , bar graph, markers, people

97. Discriminate – in the quadratic formula, the expression under the radical sign

98. Disjunction – a compound statement formed by joining two or more statements with or

99. Distributive Property – a ( b + c ) = ab+ ac

100. Domain – the x values

101. Element – each entry in a matrix

102. Elimination – the use of subtraction to eliminate one variable to solve for another in a system

103. Equal Vectors – vectors with equal measure and direction

104. Equiangular Triangle – triangle with all angles, sides congruent

105. Equation – a mathematical sentence that contains an equal sign

106. Evaluate – to find the value of an expression

107. Exponent – the number of times the base is used as a factor (power)

108. Exponential Function – y = 2x

109. Expression – math sentence with no equal sign

110. Exterior – located outside the angle

111. Exterior Angle – angle formed by one side of a triangle and the extension of the other side

112. Extremes – the highest (or lowest) value of a math function (maximum, minimum)

113. Factored Form – prime factorization

114. Factoring – to express a polynomial as a product of monomials and polynomials

115. Factors – the quantities being multiplied

116. Flow proof – proof showing all the steps

117. FOIL method – multiply two binomials First, Outer, Inner, Last

118. Formula – an equation that states a rule for the relationship between certain quantities

119. Fractal – a figure generated by repeating a special sequence of steps infinitely often

120. Frequency – how often a piece of data occurs

121. Frequency Table – a table of tally marks used to record and display how often events occur

122. Function – a relation in which each x has exactly one y ( does not repeat )

123. Function Notation – f ( x )

124. Fourth Dimension - time

125. Geometric Mean – a mean of central tendency using a product rather than a sum

126. Geometric Probability - multidimensional probability

127. Glide Reflection – translation and reflection

128. Great Circle – the largest circle contained in a sphere

129. Graph – to draw or plot the points named by certain numbers on a number line

130. Greatest Common Factor (GCF) – the largest factor found in two or more integers

131. Height of a Parallelogram -length of an altitude of a parallelogram

132. Hemisphere – one of the two congruent parts into which a sphere is divided

133. Hypotenuse – the side opposite the right angle in a triangle

134. Hypothesis – conditional statement part that follows if

135. Identity Property – a + 0 = a ; a * 1 = a

136. If-Then Statement – compound statement, if A then B

137. Independent – the domain or x values of a function, input

138. Independent Variable – the variable whose value is subject to choice

139. Incenter – point of congruency of the angle bisectors of a triangle

140. Included Angle – the angle formed by two sides of a triangle

141. Included Side – the side of a triangle that is a side of two angles

142. Indirect Proof – proof by contradiction

143. Indirect Reasoning – a conclusion by ruling out all other possibilities

144. Inductive Reasoning – strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion

145. Inequality – an open sentence

146. Inequality Notes - any of the symbols <,>,</=,>/= meaning less than, greater than, less than or equal to, and greater than or equal to.

147. Infinity – lines or sets that never end

148. Inscribed – shape with all vertices on circle

149. Integers – positive, zero, and negative numbers

150. Intersection – true for both in a compound inequality

151. Intercepted – where two different values occupy the same space

152. Interior – inside the angle, not touching a side

153. Inverse – switching the x and y values in a coordinate pair

154. Inverse – negating both the hypotenuse and the conclusion of a conditional statement

155. Inverse Property – the inverse of a is –a, of a/b is b/a

156. Inverse Variation – xy = k when k ≠ 0

157. Irrational Numbers – numbers that are not terminating or repeating decimals ( π )

158. Irregular Figure – not a polygon

159. Isometry – mapping where preimage and image are congruent

160. Isosceles Trapezoid – trapezoid where legs are equal

161. Isosceles Triangle – triangle where at least two sides are equal

162. Iteration – process of repeating the same procedure over and over again

163. Kite – quadrilateral with two distinct pairs of adjacent congruent sides

164. Lateral Area – for shapes, area not including the bases

165. Lateral Edges – intersection of two lateral faces

166. Lateral Faces – surfaces that are not bases

167. Law of Detachment – If p →q is true, then p is true and q is true

168. Law of Syllogism – If p →q and q →r are true conditionals, then p →r is also true

169. Leading Coefficient – first coefficient in a quadratic, the a in ax2 + bx + c

170. Least Common Denominator (LCD) – LC multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions

171. Least Common Multiples (LCM) – the least CM of two or more numbers

172. Legs – the sides of a right triangle that form the right angle

173. Like Terms – terms with same variables raised to the same power

174. Line - extends in one dimension. It is represented by a straight line with two arrows, showing that it extends infinitely in two directions

175. Line – a set of points that has neither width nor height

176. Line Graph – data used to show trends or changes over time

177. Line of Best Fit – describes the trend of the data in a scatterplot

178. Line of Reflection – line that separates a figure into two mirror images

179. Line of Symmetry – see line of reflection

180. Line Segment – a part of a line that consists of two endpoints and all the points in between

181. Linear Equation – an equation whose graph is a straight line i.e. y = mx + b

182. Linear Pair – pair of adjacent angles whose nonadjacent sides form a linear angle

183. Locus – set of points that satisfy a given condition {solution set}

184. Logically Equivalent – statements that have the same truth value

185. Magnitude – the length of a vector

186. Major Arc – arc with a measure greater than 180 degrees

187. Mapping – shows how each x relates to each y

188. Matrix –rectangular set of numbers

189. Matrix Logic – method of deductive reasoning that uses a table to solve problems

190. Maximum – the highest point on the graph of a curve

191. Mean – average of a set of numbers

192. Means – in a/b = c/d then numbers b and c

193. Median –if a set of numbers is in order, the middle number

194. Median – ray that starts at a vertex and travels through the midpoint of the opposite side

195. Midpoint – point halfway between the midpoints of a segment

196. Midsegment – endpoints that are midpoints of two sides of a triangle

197. Minimum – the lowest point on the graph of a curve

198. Minor Arc – arc with a measure of less than 180 degrees

199. Mixed Expression – contains the sum of a monomial and a rational expression

200. Mode – the number that occurs most often in a set of numbers

201. Monomial – a number, a variable, or a product of a number and one or more variables

202. Multiplicative Inverse – two numbers whose product is 1

203. Multi-Step Equation – equations with more than one operation

204. Natural Numbers – counting numbers

205. Negation – if the statement is represented by p , then not p is the negation

206. Negative Correlation – as x increases, y decreases

207. Negative Exponents – for any nonzero number 1/a-1 = a1

208. Negative Number – any number less than zero

209. Net – two dimensional representation of a three dimensional object – (flat Stanley)

210. n -gon – polygon with n sides

211. No Solution – no correct answers

212. Non-Euclidean Geometry - hyperbolic and spherical geometry

213. Oblique Cone – one that is not a right cone (What is not quite right?)

214. Oblique Cylinder – cylinder that is not a right cylinder

215. Oblique Prism – prism where lateral edges are not _I_ to the bases

216. Obtuse Angle – angle greater than 90 but less than 180 degrees

217. Obtuse Triangle – triangle with an obtuse angle (How many can a triangle have?)

218. Odds – successes/ failures

219. Opposite Rays – opposite rays that create an angle of 90 degrees

220. Ordered Pair – locates a point on the coordinate plane using ( x, y )

221. Ordered Triple – three numbers given in a specific order used to locate a point (x, y, z)

222. Order of Operations – GERMDAS

223. Origin – the point where the two axes intersect ( 0, 0 )

224. Orthocenter - when altitudes meet at the center of a triangle

225. Parabola – the graph of a quadratic function

226. Paragraph Proof – proof written in paragraph form

227. Parallel Lines – lines in the same plane with the same slope that never intersect

228. Parallel Planes – planes that do not intersect

229. Parallel Vectors – vectors that have the same or opposite direction

230. Parallelogram – quadrilateral with II opposite sides, any side can be the base

231. Parent Function – the function in its simplest form

232. Percent of Change – when an increase or decrease is expressed as a percent

233. Perfect Square – a number whose square root is a rational number

234. Perimeter – add all sides together

235. Perpendicular Bisector – line that passes through the midpoint of a side and is _I_ to the side

236. Perpendicular Lines – lines that meet to form right angles ( _I_ )

237. Perspective View – corner view

238. Pi – ratio of circumference/ diameter, 22/7, represented by the Greek letter π

239. Plane – two dimensional

240. Plane Euclidean Geometry – geometry based on a system of points, lines, and planes

241. Platonic Solids – five regular polyhedral, tetra-, hexa-, octa-, dodeca-, and icosa-

242. Point – location having no dimension

243. Point of Concurrency – intersection of concurrent lines

244. Point of Symmetry – common point of reflection for all points of a figure

245. Point of Tangency – point where a line and a circle touch only once (two ships in the night)

246. Point-Slope Form – y-y1 = m(x-x1)

247. Polygon – closed figure formed by sides

248. Polyhedron – three dimensional polygons

249. Polynomial –a monomial or sum of polynomials

250. Portion – an amount or part of a whole

251. Possible - able to happen: capable of happening or likely to happen in the future

252. Positive Correlation – as x increases, y increases

253. Positive Number – any value that is greater than zero

254. Postulate – a statement about a relationship accepted as true without proof

255. Power – an exponent

256. Precision – accuracy of measurement based on the precision of the tool used to measure

257. Prediction - statement about future: about what somebody thinks will happen in the future

258. Prime Factorization – a whole number expressed as a product of factors that are all prime

259. Prime Number – a whole number with two factors, 1 and itself

260. Prime Polynomial – a polynomial that cannot be factored with whole number coefficients

261. Prism – 3D, with two II bases joined by lateral surfaces

262. Probability – successes / total

263. Product – the result of factors being multiplied

264. Proof – it is what it is

265. Proof by Contradiction – huh?

266. Proportion – an equation stating that two ratios a/b = c/d are equivalent

267. Pyramid – 3D, sides form a point (vertex) opposite the base

268. Pythagorean Theorem – a2 + b2 = c2

269. Pythagorean Identity – cos2θ + sin2θ = 1

270. Pythagorean Triple - a2 + b2 = c2 where c is the greatest number

271. Quadrants – the four regions created by the x and y axis

272. Quadratic Form - ax2 + bx + c

273. Quadratic Equation – ax2 + bx + c = 0

274. Quadratic Expression – quadratic form

275. Quadratic Formula –

276. Quadratic Function - f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

277. Quadrilateral – four sided polygon

278. Quotient - division

279. Radical Equations – equations that contain radicals with variables in the radicand

280. Radical Sign - used to indicate a nonnegative

281. Radicand – the expression under the radical sign

282. Radius – segment from the center to a point on the circle

283. Random Variable – an outcome of a random event

284. Range – y values in an ordered pair

285. Rate – the ratio of two measurements having different units of measure

286. Rate of Change – how a quantity is changing over time, slope

287. Ratio – a comparison of two numbers by division

288. Rational Numbers – fraction a/b where a and b are integers and b ≠ 0

289. Ray – a line with one endpoint

290. Real Numbers – rational and irrational numbers

291. Reciprocal – multiplicative inverse of a fraction

292. Reciprocal Identity – sine, cosine and tangent have the reciprocals secant, cosecant and cot

293. Rectangle – a quadrilateral with four right angles

294. Reflection – transformation that flips over a point, line or plane

295. Regular Polygon – convex polygon with all sides and angles congruent

296. Regular Polyhedron – 3D regular polygon

297. Regular Prism – right prism with bases that are regular polygons

298. Regular Tessellation – a tessellation formed by only one type of regular polygon

299. Related Conditionals – statements such as converse, inverse, and contrapositives

300. Relation – a set of ordered pairs

301. Remote Interior Angles – angles of a triangle not connected to the given exterior angle

302. Resultant – the sum of two vectors

303. Rhombus – quadrilateral with all four sides congruent

304. Right Angle – angle with a degree measure of 90

305. Right Cone – cone with an axis that is also an altitude

306. Right Cylinder – cylinder with an axis that is also an altitude

307. Right Prism – a prism with lateral edges that are also altitudes

308. Right Triangle – a triangle one right angle

309. Rotation – transformation that spins about a point

310. Rotational Symmetry - if new image looks like preimage and the spin is less than ‘full circle’

311. Roots – solutions to quadratic equation

312. Rotation – transformation where shape pivots

313. Scalar – a constant multiplied by a vector

314. Scalar Multiplication – multiplication of a vector by a scalar

315. Scale – scale ratio used to relate two shapes

316. Scale Factor – the ratio of the lengths of two corresponding sides of two similar polygons

317. Scalene Triangle – a triangle with no two sides congruent

318. Scatter Plot – random sets of data plotted as ordered pairs

319. Scientific Notation – Where a number is written in two parts: First: just the digits (with the decimal point placed after the first digit), Followed by: ×10 to a power that would put the decimal point back where it should be.

320. Secant – line that intersects a circle in exactly two points (chord)

321. Sector of a Circle – central angle up to the arc of a circle (slice of pie)

322. Segment – line segment

323. Segment Bisector – intersects a segment at its midpoint

324. Segment of a Circle – part of a circle cut by a chord (pizza crust)

325. Self- Similar – when part of a fractal image looks like the original

326. Semicircle – half circle, arc = 180

327. Semi-Regular Tessellation – tessellation with more than one regular polygon

328. Sequence – a set of numbers in a specific order

329. Similar – having the same shape but not necessarily the same size

330. Similar Polygons – shapes that have the same angles and proportional sides

331. Similar Solids – solids with the same shape but not the same size

332. Similarity Transformation – when preimage and image are similar.

333. Simplest Form – all like terms are combined

334. Sine – opposite/ hypotenuse

335. Skew Lines – lines that do not intersect and are not coplanar

336. Slope – rate of change, rise over run, steepness of a line, m

337. Slope-Intercept Form – y = mx + b

338. Solution – a replacement value for the variable

339. Solution Set – the set of elements from the replacement set displayed in { }

340. Solve an Equation – find the value of a variable

341. Solve a Triangle – finding the measure of all of the angles and sides of a triangle

342. Space – a boundless three dimensional set of all points

343. Sphere – all points in all three planes the same distance from a center

344. Spherical Geometry – geometry that deals with points, lines (circle), and planes (sphere)

345. Square – a rectangular rhombus, a quad with four right angles and four congruent sides

346. Square Root – one of two equal factors of a number

347. Standard Form Linear – Ax + By = C

348. Standard Form Quadratic - ax² + bx +c

349. Standard Position – initial point of a vector is at the origin

350. Statement – any sentence that is either true or false, but not both

351. Sum – addition

352. Supplementary Angles – two angles whose sum is 180 degrees

353. Surface Area – the sum of the area of all faces/sides of a 3D figure

354. Symmetry - figures that when folded, each half will match the other exactly

355. System of Equations – a set of equations with the same variables

356. System of Inequalities – a set of two or more inequalities with the same variables

357. Table – numbers or quantities arranged in rows or columns

358. Tangent – opposite / adjacent

359. Tessellation – a pattern that covers a plane with a repeating shape that leaves no empty space

360. Term – a number, variable, or product of numbers and variables

361. Theorem – a statement or conjecture that can be proven true

362. Transformation – movement of geometric figure

363. Translation – figure slides in any direction

364. Transversal – a line that intersects two or more lines in a plane a different points

365. Trapezoid – a quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides

366. Trend – angle of the line

367. Trigonometric Identity – an equation involving a trig ratio

368. Trigonometric Ratio – ratio of the measure of two sides of a right triangle

369. Trigonometry – the study of the properties of triangles and trig functions and their apps

370. Trinomial – the sum of three monomials

371. Truth Table – table used to organize truth values of a statement

372. Truth Value – the truth or falsity of a statement

373. Two Column Proof - a formal proof that contains statements and reasons

374. Undefined Terms – words that are generally understood without further definition, point, line

375. Uniform Tessellations – tessellations with same shapes and angles at each vertex

376. Union – the graph of a compound inequality containing or

377. Variable – symbols used to represent unknown values

378. Vector – a segment, quantity, with both magnitude, length, and direction

379. Vertex – the maximum or minimum value of a parabola

380. Vertical Angles – two non- adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines

381. Vertical Line Test – for a vertical line will pass through no more than one point

382. Volume – the measure of the amount of space enclosed by a 3D figure

383. Whole Numbers – counting numbers and 0

384. X-axis – the horizontal number line on a coordinate plane

385. X-coordinate – the first number in an ordered pair

386. X-intercept –the coordinate at which a graph intersects the x-axis

387. Y-axis – the vertical number line on a coordinate plane

388. Y-coordinate - the second number in an ordered pair

389. Y-intercept - the coordinate at which a graph intersects the y-axis

390. Zero Exponent – anything raised to the power of zero a0 = 1

391. Zeros – the roots, or x-intercepts, of a quadratic function