Vocabulary All 082213
1. Absolute Value – the distance from zero on a number line
2. Acute Angle – angle with a degree measure of less than 90 degrees
3. Acute Triangle – triangle in which all angles are acute angles
4. Additive Identity – for any number @, @ + 0 = 0 + @
5. Additive Inverse – a number and its opposite, when added together have the sum of 0
6. Adjacent Angles – two angles that have a common side
7. Algebraic Expression – a math sentence with variables
8. Alternate Exterior Angles – pairs of angles on opposite sides of the transversal but outside the two lines
9. Alternate Interior Angles – pairs of angles on opposite sides of the transversal but inside the two lines
10. Altitude – in a triangle a segment from a vertex of a triangle to the opposite side touching I
11. Analyze - study something closely
12. Angle – two non-collinear rays with a common endpoint, rays – sides, endpoint – vertex
13. Angle Bisector – ray the divides an angle into two congruent angles
14. Angle of Depression –angle created between horizontal and line of sight below horizontal
15. Angle of Elevation – angle created between horizontal and line of sight above horizontal
16. Angle of Rotation – angle through which a preimage was rotated to form the image
17. Apothem – altitude from center of a regular polygon
18. Arc – part of a circle that is defined by two endpoints
19. Arithmetic Sequence – degree order
20. Associative Property – ( a + b ) +c = a + ( b + c ) who are you ‘hanging’ with
21. Axis – coordinate plane – identifiers of each dimension in a plane (x, y)
22. Axis – in a cylinder - segments with endpoints in the center of the bases
23. Axis of Symmetry – the line that divides the parabola into two equal parts
24. Base – the value that is raised to a power, holds up the exponent
25. Best-fit Line – estimation of pattern of a scatterplot
26. Biconditional – conjunction of a conditional statement and its converse
27. Binomial – two term mathematical expression
28. Boundary – a line separating two regions of a coordinate system
29. Center of Rotation – shapes move around fixed point to a new location
30. Central Angle – angle in a circle with a vertex at the center
31. Centroid – point of concurrency of the medians of a triangle (middle)
32. Chord – a segment of a line with endpoints on a circle
33. Circle – collection of points all equidistant from a central point
34. Circumcenter – point of congruency of the perpendicular bisectors of a triangle
35. Circumference – distance around a circle (perimeter)
36. Circumscribed – circle containing all the vertices of the enclose polygon
37. Closed Boundary – ‘or equal to’ when graphing inequalities
38. Coefficient – the number in front of the variable
39. Collinear – points that lie on the same line
40. Column Matrix – matrix with one column representing an ordered pair
41. Complementary Angles – two angles the have measure with a sum equal to 90 degrees
42. Component Form – vector expressed as an ordered pair Δx, Δy
43. Composite Number - a number that has more than two factors (not prime)
44. Composition of Reflections – successive reflections in parallel lines
45. Compound Inequality – two or more inequalities that are connected by the words and or or
46. Compound Statement – statement formed by joining two or more statements
47. Commutative Property – ( a )( b ) = ( b )( a )
48. Concave Polygon – polygon with a side that dips inward
49. Conclusion – in condition statement, statement that follows then
50. Concurrent Lines – three or more lines that intersect at a common point
51. Conditional Statement – statement in if – then form
52. Cone – circular base that concludes at a point
53. Congruent – having the same measure
54. Congruent Arcs – arcs that have the same measure
55. Congruent Solids – all angles, sides, faces, and volumes are equal
56. Congruent triangles – triangles with all parts equal
57. Conjecture – educated guess
58. Conjunction – compound statement joined with the word and
59. Consecutive Integers – integers in counting order
60. Consecutive Interior Angles – two angles inside two lines on the same side of the transversal
61. Construction – creating geometric figures without measuring tools (paper and pencil)
62. Constant – a number that does not change ( no variable )
63. Constant of Variation – k when y = kx (rate of change)
64. Continuous – a set of elements with no break, line graph, time, water, sand
65. Contrapositive – negating both parts of a conditional statement
66. Converse – swapping hypothesis and conclusion in condition statement
67. Convex Polygon – shape where all sides point out
68. Coordinate – a point on a number line
69. Coordinate Plane – plane containing x and y
70. Coordinate Proof - proof that uses figures and algebra to prove geometric concepts
71. Coordinate System – graph with horizontal and vertical axes
72. Coplanar – points that lie in the same plane
73. Corner View – perspective view
74. Corollary – statement that can be proven by a theorem
75. Corresponding Angles - are created where a transversal crosses other (usually parallel) lines. The corresponding angles are the ones at the same location at each intersection
76. Cosine – adjacent / hypotenuse
77. Counter Example – example to prove statement is not always true
78. Cross Products – ad = bc
79. Cylinder – prism with circular bases
80. Data – numerical information gathered for statistical purposes
81. Deductive Argument – proof using algebraic steps
82. Deductive Reasoning – system of reasoning used to reach a logical conclusion
83. Define a Variable – choose a symbol for a value
84. Degree – a unit of measure used to measure angles and arcs
85. Degree of a Monomial – the sum of the exponents of all its variable
86. Dependent –determined by whatever input is applied
87. Dependent Variable – the output that depends on a corresponding input (y)
88. Diagonal – a segment that connects nonconsecutive vertices
89. Diameter – in a circle, a line segment that passes through the center of a circle
90. Difference - subtraction
91. Difference of Squares - a 2 – b2 = ( a + b ) ( a- b )
92. Dilation – a transformation in which a figure is enlarged or reduced
93. Direct Isometry – image found when moving the figure intact in the same plane
94. Direct Variation – an equation where y = kx where k ≠ 0 (rate of change )
95. Direction – measure of the angle that a vector forms with + x-axis or any other x= a
96. Discrete – a set of elements that are disconnected , bar graph, markers, people
97. Discriminate – in the quadratic formula, the expression under the radical sign
98. Disjunction – a compound statement formed by joining two or more statements with or
99. Distributive Property – a ( b + c ) = ab+ ac
100. Domain – the x values
101. Element – each entry in a matrix
102. Elimination – the use of subtraction to eliminate one variable to solve for another in a system
103. Equal Vectors – vectors with equal measure and direction
104. Equiangular Triangle – triangle with all angles, sides congruent
105. Equation – a mathematical sentence that contains an equal sign
106. Evaluate – to find the value of an expression
107. Exponent – the number of times the base is used as a factor (power)
108. Exponential Function – y = 2x
109. Expression – math sentence with no equal sign
110. Exterior – located outside the angle
111. Exterior Angle – angle formed by one side of a triangle and the extension of the other side
112. Extremes – the highest (or lowest) value of a math function (maximum, minimum)
113. Factored Form – prime factorization
114. Factoring – to express a polynomial as a product of monomials and polynomials
115. Factors – the quantities being multiplied
116. Flow proof – proof showing all the steps
117. FOIL method – multiply two binomials First, Outer, Inner, Last
118. Formula – an equation that states a rule for the relationship between certain quantities
119. Fractal – a figure generated by repeating a special sequence of steps infinitely often
120. Frequency – how often a piece of data occurs
121. Frequency Table – a table of tally marks used to record and display how often events occur
122. Function – a relation in which each x has exactly one y ( does not repeat )
123. Function Notation – f ( x )
124. Fourth Dimension - time
125. Geometric Mean – a mean of central tendency using a product rather than a sum
126. Geometric Probability - multidimensional probability
127. Glide Reflection – translation and reflection
128. Great Circle – the largest circle contained in a sphere
129. Graph – to draw or plot the points named by certain numbers on a number line
130. Greatest Common Factor (GCF) – the largest factor found in two or more integers
131. Height of a Parallelogram -length of an altitude of a parallelogram
132. Hemisphere – one of the two congruent parts into which a sphere is divided
133. Hypotenuse – the side opposite the right angle in a triangle
134. Hypothesis – conditional statement part that follows if
135. Identity Property – a + 0 = a ; a * 1 = a
136. If-Then Statement – compound statement, if A then B
137. Independent – the domain or x values of a function, input
138. Independent Variable – the variable whose value is subject to choice
139. Incenter – point of congruency of the angle bisectors of a triangle
140. Included Angle – the angle formed by two sides of a triangle
141. Included Side – the side of a triangle that is a side of two angles
142. Indirect Proof – proof by contradiction
143. Indirect Reasoning – a conclusion by ruling out all other possibilities
144. Inductive Reasoning – strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion
145. Inequality – an open sentence
146. Inequality Notes - any of the symbols <,>,</=,>/= meaning less than, greater than, less than or equal to, and greater than or equal to.
147. Infinity – lines or sets that never end
148. Inscribed – shape with all vertices on circle
149. Integers – positive, zero, and negative numbers
150. Intersection – true for both in a compound inequality
151. Intercepted – where two different values occupy the same space
152. Interior – inside the angle, not touching a side
153. Inverse – switching the x and y values in a coordinate pair
154. Inverse – negating both the hypotenuse and the conclusion of a conditional statement
155. Inverse Property – the inverse of a is –a, of a/b is b/a
156. Inverse Variation – xy = k when k ≠ 0
157. Irrational Numbers – numbers that are not terminating or repeating decimals ( π )
158. Irregular Figure – not a polygon
159. Isometry – mapping where preimage and image are congruent
160. Isosceles Trapezoid – trapezoid where legs are equal
161. Isosceles Triangle – triangle where at least two sides are equal
162. Iteration – process of repeating the same procedure over and over again
163. Kite – quadrilateral with two distinct pairs of adjacent congruent sides
164. Lateral Area – for shapes, area not including the bases
165. Lateral Edges – intersection of two lateral faces
166. Lateral Faces – surfaces that are not bases
167. Law of Detachment – If p →q is true, then p is true and q is true
168. Law of Syllogism – If p →q and q →r are true conditionals, then p →r is also true
169. Leading Coefficient – first coefficient in a quadratic, the a in ax2 + bx + c
170. Least Common Denominator (LCD) – LC multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions
171. Least Common Multiples (LCM) – the least CM of two or more numbers
172. Legs – the sides of a right triangle that form the right angle
173. Like Terms – terms with same variables raised to the same power
174. Line - extends in one dimension. It is represented by a straight line with two arrows, showing that it extends infinitely in two directions
175. Line – a set of points that has neither width nor height
176. Line Graph – data used to show trends or changes over time
177. Line of Best Fit – describes the trend of the data in a scatterplot
178. Line of Reflection – line that separates a figure into two mirror images
179. Line of Symmetry – see line of reflection
180. Line Segment – a part of a line that consists of two endpoints and all the points in between
181. Linear Equation – an equation whose graph is a straight line i.e. y = mx + b
182. Linear Pair – pair of adjacent angles whose nonadjacent sides form a linear angle
183. Locus – set of points that satisfy a given condition {solution set}
184. Logically Equivalent – statements that have the same truth value
185. Magnitude – the length of a vector
186. Major Arc – arc with a measure greater than 180 degrees
187. Mapping – shows how each x relates to each y
188. Matrix –rectangular set of numbers
189. Matrix Logic – method of deductive reasoning that uses a table to solve problems
190. Maximum – the highest point on the graph of a curve
191. Mean – average of a set of numbers
192. Means – in a/b = c/d then numbers b and c
193. Median –if a set of numbers is in order, the middle number
194. Median – ray that starts at a vertex and travels through the midpoint of the opposite side
195. Midpoint – point halfway between the midpoints of a segment
196. Midsegment – endpoints that are midpoints of two sides of a triangle
197. Minimum – the lowest point on the graph of a curve
198. Minor Arc – arc with a measure of less than 180 degrees
199. Mixed Expression – contains the sum of a monomial and a rational expression
200. Mode – the number that occurs most often in a set of numbers
201. Monomial – a number, a variable, or a product of a number and one or more variables
202. Multiplicative Inverse – two numbers whose product is 1
203. Multi-Step Equation – equations with more than one operation
204. Natural Numbers – counting numbers
205. Negation – if the statement is represented by p , then not p is the negation
206. Negative Correlation – as x increases, y decreases
207. Negative Exponents – for any nonzero number 1/a-1 = a1
208. Negative Number – any number less than zero
209. Net – two dimensional representation of a three dimensional object – (flat Stanley)
210. n -gon – polygon with n sides
211. No Solution – no correct answers
212. Non-Euclidean Geometry - hyperbolic and spherical geometry
213. Oblique Cone – one that is not a right cone (What is not quite right?)
214. Oblique Cylinder – cylinder that is not a right cylinder
215. Oblique Prism – prism where lateral edges are not _I_ to the bases
216. Obtuse Angle – angle greater than 90 but less than 180 degrees
217. Obtuse Triangle – triangle with an obtuse angle (How many can a triangle have?)
218. Odds – successes/ failures
219. Opposite Rays – opposite rays that create an angle of 90 degrees
220. Ordered Pair – locates a point on the coordinate plane using ( x, y )
221. Ordered Triple – three numbers given in a specific order used to locate a point (x, y, z)
222. Order of Operations – GERMDAS
223. Origin – the point where the two axes intersect ( 0, 0 )
224. Orthocenter - when altitudes meet at the center of a triangle
225. Parabola – the graph of a quadratic function
226. Paragraph Proof – proof written in paragraph form
227. Parallel Lines – lines in the same plane with the same slope that never intersect
228. Parallel Planes – planes that do not intersect
229. Parallel Vectors – vectors that have the same or opposite direction
230. Parallelogram – quadrilateral with II opposite sides, any side can be the base
231. Parent Function – the function in its simplest form
232. Percent of Change – when an increase or decrease is expressed as a percent
233. Perfect Square – a number whose square root is a rational number
234. Perimeter – add all sides together
235. Perpendicular Bisector – line that passes through the midpoint of a side and is _I_ to the side
236. Perpendicular Lines – lines that meet to form right angles ( _I_ )
237. Perspective View – corner view
238. Pi – ratio of circumference/ diameter, 22/7, represented by the Greek letter π
239. Plane – two dimensional
240. Plane Euclidean Geometry – geometry based on a system of points, lines, and planes
241. Platonic Solids – five regular polyhedral, tetra-, hexa-, octa-, dodeca-, and icosa-
242. Point – location having no dimension
243. Point of Concurrency – intersection of concurrent lines
244. Point of Symmetry – common point of reflection for all points of a figure
245. Point of Tangency – point where a line and a circle touch only once (two ships in the night)
246. Point-Slope Form – y-y1 = m(x-x1)
247. Polygon – closed figure formed by sides
248. Polyhedron – three dimensional polygons
249. Polynomial –a monomial or sum of polynomials
250. Portion – an amount or part of a whole
251. Possible - able to happen: capable of happening or likely to happen in the future
252. Positive Correlation – as x increases, y increases
253. Positive Number – any value that is greater than zero
254. Postulate – a statement about a relationship accepted as true without proof
255. Power – an exponent
256. Precision – accuracy of measurement based on the precision of the tool used to measure
257. Prediction - statement about future: about what somebody thinks will happen in the future
258. Prime Factorization – a whole number expressed as a product of factors that are all prime
259. Prime Number – a whole number with two factors, 1 and itself
260. Prime Polynomial – a polynomial that cannot be factored with whole number coefficients
261. Prism – 3D, with two II bases joined by lateral surfaces
262. Probability – successes / total
263. Product – the result of factors being multiplied
264. Proof – it is what it is
265. Proof by Contradiction – huh?
266. Proportion – an equation stating that two ratios a/b = c/d are equivalent
267. Pyramid – 3D, sides form a point (vertex) opposite the base
268. Pythagorean Theorem – a2 + b2 = c2
269. Pythagorean Identity – cos2θ + sin2θ = 1
270. Pythagorean Triple - a2 + b2 = c2 where c is the greatest number
271. Quadrants – the four regions created by the x and y axis
272. Quadratic Form - ax2 + bx + c
273. Quadratic Equation – ax2 + bx + c = 0
274. Quadratic Expression – quadratic form
275. Quadratic Formula –
276. Quadratic Function - f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
277. Quadrilateral – four sided polygon
278. Quotient - division
279. Radical Equations – equations that contain radicals with variables in the radicand
280. Radical Sign - used to indicate a nonnegative
281. Radicand – the expression under the radical sign
282. Radius – segment from the center to a point on the circle
283. Random Variable – an outcome of a random event
284. Range – y values in an ordered pair
285. Rate – the ratio of two measurements having different units of measure
286. Rate of Change – how a quantity is changing over time, slope
287. Ratio – a comparison of two numbers by division
288. Rational Numbers – fraction a/b where a and b are integers and b ≠ 0
289. Ray – a line with one endpoint
290. Real Numbers – rational and irrational numbers
291. Reciprocal – multiplicative inverse of a fraction
292. Reciprocal Identity – sine, cosine and tangent have the reciprocals secant, cosecant and cot
293. Rectangle – a quadrilateral with four right angles
294. Reflection – transformation that flips over a point, line or plane
295. Regular Polygon – convex polygon with all sides and angles congruent
296. Regular Polyhedron – 3D regular polygon
297. Regular Prism – right prism with bases that are regular polygons
298. Regular Tessellation – a tessellation formed by only one type of regular polygon
299. Related Conditionals – statements such as converse, inverse, and contrapositives
300. Relation – a set of ordered pairs
301. Remote Interior Angles – angles of a triangle not connected to the given exterior angle
302. Resultant – the sum of two vectors
303. Rhombus – quadrilateral with all four sides congruent
304. Right Angle – angle with a degree measure of 90
305. Right Cone – cone with an axis that is also an altitude
306. Right Cylinder – cylinder with an axis that is also an altitude
307. Right Prism – a prism with lateral edges that are also altitudes
308. Right Triangle – a triangle one right angle
309. Rotation – transformation that spins about a point
310. Rotational Symmetry - if new image looks like preimage and the spin is less than ‘full circle’
311. Roots – solutions to quadratic equation
312. Rotation – transformation where shape pivots
313. Scalar – a constant multiplied by a vector
314. Scalar Multiplication – multiplication of a vector by a scalar
315. Scale – scale ratio used to relate two shapes
316. Scale Factor – the ratio of the lengths of two corresponding sides of two similar polygons
317. Scalene Triangle – a triangle with no two sides congruent
318. Scatter Plot – random sets of data plotted as ordered pairs
319. Scientific Notation – Where a number is written in two parts: First: just the digits (with the decimal point placed after the first digit), Followed by: ×10 to a power that would put the decimal point back where it should be.
320. Secant – line that intersects a circle in exactly two points (chord)
321. Sector of a Circle – central angle up to the arc of a circle (slice of pie)
322. Segment – line segment
323. Segment Bisector – intersects a segment at its midpoint
324. Segment of a Circle – part of a circle cut by a chord (pizza crust)
325. Self- Similar – when part of a fractal image looks like the original
326. Semicircle – half circle, arc = 180
327. Semi-Regular Tessellation – tessellation with more than one regular polygon
328. Sequence – a set of numbers in a specific order
329. Similar – having the same shape but not necessarily the same size
330. Similar Polygons – shapes that have the same angles and proportional sides
331. Similar Solids – solids with the same shape but not the same size
332. Similarity Transformation – when preimage and image are similar.
333. Simplest Form – all like terms are combined
334. Sine – opposite/ hypotenuse
335. Skew Lines – lines that do not intersect and are not coplanar
336. Slope – rate of change, rise over run, steepness of a line, m
337. Slope-Intercept Form – y = mx + b
338. Solution – a replacement value for the variable
339. Solution Set – the set of elements from the replacement set displayed in { }
340. Solve an Equation – find the value of a variable
341. Solve a Triangle – finding the measure of all of the angles and sides of a triangle
342. Space – a boundless three dimensional set of all points
343. Sphere – all points in all three planes the same distance from a center
344. Spherical Geometry – geometry that deals with points, lines (circle), and planes (sphere)
345. Square – a rectangular rhombus, a quad with four right angles and four congruent sides
346. Square Root – one of two equal factors of a number
347. Standard Form Linear – Ax + By = C
348. Standard Form Quadratic - ax² + bx +c
349. Standard Position – initial point of a vector is at the origin
350. Statement – any sentence that is either true or false, but not both
351. Sum – addition
352. Supplementary Angles – two angles whose sum is 180 degrees
353. Surface Area – the sum of the area of all faces/sides of a 3D figure
354. Symmetry - figures that when folded, each half will match the other exactly
355. System of Equations – a set of equations with the same variables
356. System of Inequalities – a set of two or more inequalities with the same variables
357. Table – numbers or quantities arranged in rows or columns
358. Tangent – opposite / adjacent
359. Tessellation – a pattern that covers a plane with a repeating shape that leaves no empty space
360. Term – a number, variable, or product of numbers and variables
361. Theorem – a statement or conjecture that can be proven true
362. Transformation – movement of geometric figure
363. Translation – figure slides in any direction
364. Transversal – a line that intersects two or more lines in a plane a different points
365. Trapezoid – a quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides
366. Trend – angle of the line
367. Trigonometric Identity – an equation involving a trig ratio
368. Trigonometric Ratio – ratio of the measure of two sides of a right triangle
369. Trigonometry – the study of the properties of triangles and trig functions and their apps
370. Trinomial – the sum of three monomials
371. Truth Table – table used to organize truth values of a statement
372. Truth Value – the truth or falsity of a statement
373. Two Column Proof - a formal proof that contains statements and reasons
374. Undefined Terms – words that are generally understood without further definition, point, line
375. Uniform Tessellations – tessellations with same shapes and angles at each vertex
376. Union – the graph of a compound inequality containing or
377. Variable – symbols used to represent unknown values
378. Vector – a segment, quantity, with both magnitude, length, and direction
379. Vertex – the maximum or minimum value of a parabola
380. Vertical Angles – two non- adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines
381. Vertical Line Test – for a vertical line will pass through no more than one point
382. Volume – the measure of the amount of space enclosed by a 3D figure
383. Whole Numbers – counting numbers and 0
384. X-axis – the horizontal number line on a coordinate plane
385. X-coordinate – the first number in an ordered pair
386. X-intercept –the coordinate at which a graph intersects the x-axis
387. Y-axis – the vertical number line on a coordinate plane
388. Y-coordinate - the second number in an ordered pair
389. Y-intercept - the coordinate at which a graph intersects the y-axis
390. Zero Exponent – anything raised to the power of zero a0 = 1
391. Zeros – the roots, or x-intercepts, of a quadratic function