vlsi intro beginner

7/29/2019 Vlsi Intro beginner

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What is technology?

Related to Science

Involves Design & Making

Improvement or Advancementof Using things

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Why the Need of technology?

Men Comfort

Flexibility

Portability

Advancement



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14-Sep-13 Eikon Technologies - VLSI 4

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS


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IC Products Processors

CPU, DSP, Controllers

Memory chips RAM, ROM, EEPROM

Analog Mobile communication,

audio/video processing

Programmable PLA, FPGA

Embedded systems Used in cars, factories Network cards

System-on-chip (SoC)


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HISTORY OF IC DESIGN Date - 28th July.

Year - 1958.

Components 1-Transistor, 3-Resistors,1-Capacitor.

Jack Kilby assembled those componentstogether on one semiconductor. The worlds

first integrated circuit.

He received the noble Prize for thisinvention in October 2000.



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The first commercial monolithic IC came in themarket in 1961. It was a Flip-Flop, with 2 Transistors & resistor

Cost~$100

The metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) IC in 1962.

The complementary MOS (CMOS) IC in 1963.



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Integration Levels & Logic families Digital logic is implemented using transistors in integratedcircuits containing many gates. small-scale integrated circuits (SSI) contain 10 gates or less medium-scale integrated circuits (MSI) contain 10-100 gates large-scale integrated circuits (LSI) contain up to 104 gatesvery large-scale integrated circuits (VLSI) contain >104 gates

Variety of logic families

TTL - transistor-transistor logic CMOS - complementary metal-oxide semiconductor ECL - emitter-coupled logic GaAs - gallium arsenide



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SIP DIP SMD QFP BGA


IC Package Type


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Moores Law

Gordon Moore: co-founder of Intel Predicted that the number of transistors per chip

would grow exponentially (double every 18 months)

Exponential improvement in technology is a naturaltrend:

E.g. Steam Engines - Dynamo Automobile

E.g. CR Tube TV LCD TV LED TV



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EVIDENCE OF MOORES LAWACCORDING TO MOORE -

(in millions)

1996 MID 1997 1999YEAR

5 10 20


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Example: Intel Processor Sizes

Intel386TM DXProcessor

Intel486TM DXProcessor

Pentium Processor

Pentium Pro &

Pentium II Processors

1.5m 1.0m 0.8m 0.6m 0.35m 0.25mSilicon ProcessTechnology



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THE PROJECTED TREND OF IC DEVICES

IC technology 1987 1992 After 2000

TTL 12% 4% 1%

ECL 4% 2% Less than 1%PMOS Less than 1% 0% 0%

NMOS 24% 4% Less than 1%

CMOS 39% 73% < 82%

BICMOS 0% 2% 6%

GaAs Less than 1% Less than 1% 1%



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Why CMOS Technology?

Fast

Easy To Build Cheap

Power Consumption

Performance



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VLSIVery Large Scale Integration

design/manufacturing of extremely small, complexcircuitry using modified semiconductor material

integrated circuit (IC) may contain millions oftransistors, each a few mm in size

applications wide ranging: most electronic logicdevices

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TYPES OF LOGIC

LOGIC

Standard LogicProgrammableLogic Devices

(PLDs)ASIC

SIMPLE PLDs CPLDs FPGAs



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STANDARD LOGICADVANTAGES

-- Operating Speed is high

DISADVANTAGES

-- Defines only one function

-- Occupies large area in PCB



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PLDs

-- Prefabricated

-- Defines more functions

-- Reprogrammable-- Occupies less area

-- Operating speed is low



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Why FPGA and CPLD ? Reprogrammable Hardware

Low power

High speed More I/O lines

Portable



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FPGA Vs CPLD

5 million gate counts 200k gate counts

Defines more functions define particular

Reprogrammable (Flash) one time (ROM)Occupies less area occupies more

Operating speed is high less



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ASICADVANTAGES-- Operating Speed is High-- It defines more functions-- High security

DISADVANTAGES

-- One time Programmable-- Very high cost-- It takes more time to come to market.-- used for only one specific application



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BACKBONE OF VLSI DESIGN

Backbone of VLSI design are, Industrieslike.

EDA Companies

Mentor Graphics

Synplicity Synopsys

Cadence

Aldec

Device Vendors Xilinx, Altera , Actel, Cypress, QuickLogic

Cyclooon etc



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September 14, 2013 204424 Digital Design Automation 25

Front End & Back End Process RTL coding (Verilog or VHDL)

SynthesisFloor planning/Power Planning

PlacementClock routingRouting

Formal verificationPhysical Verification (LVS/DRC)


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September 14, 2013 204424 Digital Design Automation 26

Jobs in VLSI RTL Designer

Physical Designer

Verificationers Layout designers

Circuit designers

Testing engineers

Fabrication engineers

System designers


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Any Queries ?

14 Sep 13 27Eikon Technologies VLSI

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