vitamins lecture 2 for 1st year mbbs by dr sadia haroon

8/9/2019 Vitamins Lecture 2 for 1st year MBBS by Dr Sadia Haroon

1/71

Jfc~vyf 9

X`~mk`ds

X`~mk`d M


2/71

X`~mk`ds Jfmyd`da eigfc~`xfs

Vdnfys~mdn qlp X%K myf fssfd~`mj ~e lfmj~lp j`x`da2

Vdnfys~mdn ~lm~ ~lfyf myf lfmj~lp `d~mbf jfxfjs hey X%K mdn

~lm~ f|cfssfs kmp if qeysf ~lmd nfh`c`fdc`fs2

Bdeq ~lf hevy hm~ sejvijf x`~mk`ds mdn ims`c yejfs2Bdeq ~lf qm~fy sejvijf x`~mk`ds qf n`scvss `d cjmss mdn ~lf`y

yejfs2

2

Bdeq ~lm~ yecfss`da mdn s~eymaf kmp mhhfc~ sekf x`~mk`ds

keyf ~lmd e~lfys$


3/71

X`~mk`ds

Eyamd`c cekpevdn hevdn `d heens

^lfsf kvs~ if ~mbfd `d skmjj }vmd~`~ `d

eynfy ~e pfyheyk deykmj kf~miej`cpyecfssfs `d ~lf ien


4/71

Nfh`d`~èd mdn Cjmss`h`cm~èd

Ded+cmjey`c eyamd`c dv~y`fd~s

Dffnfn d xfy skmjj mkevd~s

Hmc`j`~m~eys lfjp ien pyecfssfspyecffn2 nàfs~èd* miseyp~èd*

kf~miej`sk* ayeq~l f~c$

Sekf mppfmy `d heen ms pyfcvyseys eypyex`~mk`ds


5/71

X`~mk`ds

Jeda ifheyf x`~mk`ds qfyf `nfd~`h`fn* cfy~m`d heens qfyfbdeqd ~e cvyf cedn`~`eds iyeval~ ed i qlm~ qf deqbdeq ~e if x`~mk`d nfh`c`fdc`fs ^lf mdc`fd~ Ayffb ~yfm~fn d`al~ ij`dndfss q`~l iffh j`xfy* m y`cl

sevycf eh x`~mk`d M

Nvy`da ~lf =6~l ( =8~l cfd~vy`fs* kmd Iy`~`sl sm`jeys ed jeda sfmxemafs n`fn hyek ~lf n`sfmsf scvyx* vd~`j `~ qms n`scexfyfn~lm~ `~ cevjn if pyfxfd~fn i c`~yvs* m y`cl sevycf eh msceyim~f


6/71

X`~mk`ds

^enm* cedsvkfys `d nfxfjepfn cevd~y`fs ymyfjceds`nfy x`~mk`d nfh`c`fdc`fs qlfd kmb`da cle`cfsmiev~ n`f~ ( x`~mk`d svppjfkfd~s

X`~mk`d nfh`c`fdc`fs myf s`ad`h`cmd~ `d nfxfjep`da cevd~y`fs X`~mk`d M nfh`c`fdc `s ~lf jfmn`da cmvsf eh ij`dndfss `d kmd eh

~lesf cevd~y`fs

Q`~l x`~mk`ds* m j`~~jf aefs m jeda qm Qf dffn t= ew ,9< a) hey fxfy 1? ba eh heen qf cedsvkf

@h m j`~~jf `s aeen* ~lfd keyf kvs~ if if~~fy nefs de~ mppj


7/71


8/71

Hm~ sejvijf x`~mk`ds

MNFB

N`ssejxf d eyamd`c sejxfd~s kf~lmdej* amsej`df f~c$$

Cmd iv`jn v ifcmvsf ~lfp myf de~ f|cyf~fn

Miseyifn nvy`da hm~ misey~`ed

^ymdsey~fn `d j`eye~f`ds

X`~mk`d M cmye~fde`ns mdn yf~`de`ns

X`~mk`d N clejfs~fyej yenvc~X`~mk`d F ~ecelfyejs

X`~mk`d B kfdm}v`dedfs mdn lpjje}v`dedfs


9/71

X`~mk`ds

Fssfd~`mj eyamd`c svis~mdcfs dffnfn d skmjj mkevd~s`d ~lf n`f~ hey ~lf deykmj hvdc~`ed* ayeq~l ( km`d~fdmdcfeh ien ~`ssvfs$

^lf cmd~ if sd~lfs`wfn `d svhh`c`fd~ mkevd~ ~e kff~`dn`x`nvmj dffn ey ~lf cmd~ if sd~lfs`wfn m~ mjj$ ^lfien cmd sd~lfs`wf sekf d`mc`d ( x`~mk`d N* ( x`~mk`dB ( i`e~`d myf sd~lfs`wfn ~e sekf f|~fd~ i `d~fs~`dmjimc~fy`m$


10/71

X`~mk`ds

ê if nfsàdm~fn m x`~mk`d* ~lf svis~mdcf kvs~ ifeyamd`c* kvs~ lmxf m ièclfk`cmj hvdc~èd `d ~lf ien (kvs~ if yf}v`yfn `d ~lf n`f~ `d xfy skmjj mkevd~s$

@d mnn`~èd ~e ceyyfc~`da nfh`c`fdc n`sfmsfs* m hfqx`~mk`ds mjse myf vsfn ms plmykmcejea`cmj mafd~s `d~yfm~`da m j`k`~fn dvkify eh ded+nfh`c`fdc n`sfmsfs,kfamnesfs ( mdmjeas)$ F|mkpjfs* d`mc`d hey jeqfy`daijeen clejfs~fyej ( x`~mk`d N mdmjeas hey psey`ms`s$


11/71

X`~mk`ds

F|cfp~ hey x`~mk`d B* ~lf j`p`n+sejvijf x`~mk`ds myf de~yfmn`j f|cyf~fn hyek ~lf ien* iv~ ~lf qm~fy+sejvijfmyf$

^qe f|cfp~`eds myf x`~mk`ds I+8 ( I+=9* ql`cl myfs~eyfn kvcl jedafy ~lmd ie~l ~lf e~lfy qm~fy+sejvijfx`~mk`ds ( x`~mk`d B$


12/71

X`~mk`ds

Md eccmsèdmj jmpsf `d ~lf `d~mbf eh qm~fy+sejvijfx`~mk`ds afdfymjj cmvsfs de lmyk$ Md mxfymaf pfysedkvs~ cedsvkf de ~l`mk`d hey =? nms ey de x`~mk`d C hey9?+>? nms ifheyf nfxfjep`da ~lf h`ys~ sàds ( skp~eks

eh nfh`c`fdc$ Hm~ kmj+miseyp~èd ,cs~`c hìyes`s* cfj`mc n`sfmsf*

Cyelds n`sfmsf) `s mssec`m~fn q`~l kmj+miseyp~èd eh~lf j`p`n+sejvijf* ( mjcelej ( sekf `d~fs~`dmj n`sfmsfscmd jeqfy ~lf miseyp~èd eh sekf qm~fy+sejvijf ,f$a$*

hejm~f)$


13/71

Nàfs~èd ( Miseyp~èd ,>?=)


14/71

Miseyp~èd eh X`~mk`ds ,>??)

Hm~+sejvijf x`~mk`ds myf miseyifn mjeda q`~l

n`f~my hm~

Miev~ >?+0?& eh ~lfsf x`~mk`ds myf miseyifn qlfd

cedsvkfn `d ~lf yfcekkfdnfn mkevd~s Cs~`c hìyes`s* cfj`mc n`sfmsf ( Cyelds n`sfmsf

jeqfy ~lf miseyp~èd

Qm~fy sejvijf x`~mk`ds myf miseyifn mjeda q`~l

pye~f`d* cmyielnym~fs ( k`dfymjs Miev~ 0?+=??& myf miseyifn hyek n`f~s q`~l

yfcekkfdnfn mkevd~s

F|cfss mjcelej ( `d~fs~`dmj n`sfmsfs nfcyfmsfs ~lf

miseyp~èd


15/71

^ymdspey~ eh X`~mk`ds ,>?9)

N`f~my j`p`n+sejvijf x`~mk`ds myf

~ymdspey~fn i cljek`cyeds ( yfmcl j`xfy

x`m cljek`cyed yfkdmd~s ( s~eyfn ey

yfn`s~yìv~fn

^lf f|cfp~èd s yf~`dem~f* ~lm~ cmd i`dn ~e

sfyvk mjivk`d ( if ~ymdspey~fn ~e j`xfy x`m

pey~mj xf`d Qm~fy+sejvijf x`~mk`ds myf ~ymdspey~fn x`m

pey~mj xf`d ~e j`xfy ( s~eyfn ey yfn`s~yìv~fn


16/71

Hm~+sejvijf x`~mk`ds

^fyk X`~mk`d `s nfy`xfn hyek ~lf qeyns x`~mj ( mk`df*

X`~mk`ds myf x`~mj hey j`hf mdn qfyf eyà`dmjjp ~leval~ ~e if

mk`dfs$ X`~mk`ds7 myf eyamd`c cekevdns yf}v`yfn `d ~lf n`f~ `d skmjj

mkevd~s hey m xmy`f~p eh ièclfk`cmj hvdc~èds$

X`~mk`ds myf n`x`nfn `d~e9 ayevs7

=+qm~fy+sejvijf ,I cekjf| mdn C)

9+ hm~+sejvijf x`~mk`ds ,M* N* F ( B)$


17/71

X`~mk`ds `d afdfymj

x`~mj

`dn`x`nvmj vd`~s

mss`s~ fdwkfs q`~l ~lf yfjfmsf eh fdfya

kfmsvyfn `d k`cyeaymks ,va) ey k`jj`aymks

,ka)

eyamd`c

cmd if nfs~yefn i lfm~* VX* e|afd

mxm`jmijf d heen


18/71

ièmxm`jmi`j`~

}vmd~`~ mdn

nàfs~èd fhh`c`fdc

dv~y`~èd s~m~vs

e~lfy heens

heen pyfpmym~èd

sevycf


19/71

Sejvi`j`~

qm~fy sejvijf

< I x`~mk`ds

x`~mk`d C hm~ sejvijf

x`~mk`ds M* N* F* mdn B


20/71


21/71

Fssfd~`mj mdn Lmykhvj

Ij`dndfss7 x`~mk`dM nfh`c`fdcp

_fjjmaym7 d`mc`d ,Ix`~mk`d) nfh`c`fdcp

Y`cbf~s7 x`~mk`dN nfh`c`fdcp

^ee kvcl7 x`~mk`d M lfmnmclfs* hm~`avf

x`~mk`d N qfmbdfss* cmjc`vk `d my~fy`fs

x`~mk`d F `dcyfmsfn clejfs~fyej jfxfjs


22/71

Cjmss`h`cm~`ed

M) Hm~ sejvijf x`~mk`ds

I) Qm~fy sejvijf x`~mk`ds

^lfsf myf eh ~qe ~pfs =$Fdfya yfjfms`da

9$lmfkep`f~`c


23/71


Qm~fy sejvijf x`~mk`ds

Hevdn `d xfaf~mijfs* hyv`~ mdn aym`ds* kfm~$

Miseyifn n`yfc~j `d~e ~lf ijeen s~yfmk De~ s~eyfn `d ~lf ien mdn ~e|`c`~ `s ymyf$

Mjcelej cmd `dcyfmsf fj`k`dm~`ed* skeb`da*

f~c$ cmvsf nfcyfmsfn miseyp~`ed$


24/71


Hm~ sejvijf x`~mk`ds

Hevdn `d ~lf hm~s mdn e`js eh heen$

Miseyifn d~e ~lf jkpl mdn cmyy`fn `d ijeenq`~l pye~f`d ~ymdspey~fys ; cljek`cyeds$

'S~eyfn d j`xfy mdn ien hm~ mdn cmd ifcekf

~e|`c `h jmyaf mkevd~s myf cedsvkfn$


25/71

Hvdc~èds eh Hm~+sejvijf

X`~mk`ds X`~mk`d M7 leykedf

Yf~`dmj7 X`svmj pàkfd~

Yf~`dej7 @kkvdf ss~fk

Yf~`dem~f7 Cfjj ayeq~l ( pyej`hfym~èd

X`~mk`d N7 leykedf

Ijeen cmjc`vk yfavjm~èd

X`~mk`d F7 afdfymj md~è|`nmd~

Cefdwkf hvdc~èd5

X`~mk`d B7 pyes~lf~`c ayevp cefdwkf

Cmyie|jm~èd eh ijeen ( iedf pye~f`ds

Cmyie|jm~èd eh ajv~mkm~f Y ayevp


26/71

Hm~ Sejvijf

hevdn `d hm~s mdn e`js

fd~fy ~lf jkpl* ~lfd ~lf ijeen

lfjn d hm~~ ~`ssvfs yfkm`d d hm~ s~eymaf

km yfmcl ~e|`c jfxfjs


27/71

Qm~fy Sejvijf X`~mk`ds

hevdn `d qm~fy pmy~s eh heen

fms`j nfs~yefn ey k`d`k`wfn i cfy~m`d

ceeb`da pyecfssfs

kexf n`yfc~j ~e ijeen

hyffj c`ycvjm~f

f|cfssfs myf yfkexfn i b`ndf ~ee kmd cmd exfyqlfjk ~lf ss~fk

yfavjmy d~mbf

I* C


28/71

^lf X`~mk`ds


29/71

Hm~ xs$ Qm~fy Sejvijf X`~mk`ds

Qm~fy Sejvijf Hm~ Sejvijf

Miseyp~èd N`yfc~j ~e

ijeen

Jkpl x`m CK

^ymdspey~ hyff Yf}v`yf cmyy`fy

S~eymaf C`ycvjm~f hyffj @d cfjjs q`~l hm~

F|cyf~èd @d vy`df S~eyfn q`~l hm~

e|`c`~ _essìjf q

svppjfkfd~s

J`bfj q

svppjfkfd~s

Yf}v`yfkfd~s Fxfy 9+3 nms Fxfy qffb


30/71

^ymdspey~ eh X`~mk`ds ,>?9)

N`f~my j`p`n+sejvijf x`~mk`ds myf

~ymdspey~fn i cljek`cyeds ( yfmcl j`xfy

x`m cljek`cyed yfkdmd~s ( s~eyfn ey

yfn`s~yìv~fn

^lf f|cfp~èd s yf~`dem~f* ~lm~ cmd i`dn ~e

sfyvk mjivk`d ( if ~ymdspey~fn ~e j`xfy x`m

pey~mj xf`d Qm~fy+sejvijf x`~mk`ds myf ~ymdspey~fn x`m

pey~mj xf`d ~e j`xfy ( s~eyfn ey yfn`s~yìv~fn


31/71

^LF HM^+SEJVIJF

X@^MK@DS


32/71

Hm~+sejvijf X`~mk`ds ,>98)


33/71

Hvdc~èds eh Hm~+sejvijf

X`~mk`ds X`~mk`d M7 leykedf




X`~mk`d N7 leykedf

Ijeen cmjc`vk yfavjm~èd

X`~mk`d F7 afdfymj md~è|`nmd~

Cefdwkf hvdc~èd5

X`~mk`d B7 pyes~lf~`c ayevp cefdwkf

Cmyie|jm~èd eh ijeen ( iedf pye~f`ds

Cmyie|jm~èd eh ajv~mkm~f Y ayevp


34/71

Hm~ Sejvijf X`~mk`dsX`~mk`ds myf cekevdns ~lm~ kvs~ if ei~m`dfn hyek ~lf n`f~* ifcmvsf ~lfp cmdde~ if

spd~lfs`wfn nf dexe$ ^lfp myf fssfd~`mj hey ~lf lfmj~l eh lvkmds mdn e~lfyxfy~fiym~fs ifcmvsf ~lfp myf ~p`cmjjp yfcvyseys ~e cehmc~eys ~lm~ hvdc~èd `d fdwpkfs

ey ye~f`ds$

Sekf x`~mk`ds myf qm~fy sejvijf* ql`jf e~lfys ,M* N* F* mdn B) myf hm~ sejvijf$

X`~mk`ds M mdn N sfyxf ms yfcvyseys ~e leykedfs$

X`~mk`d N ip `~sfjh `s de~ ièjea`cmjjp mc~`xf$ Iv~ kvs~ if cedxfy~fn `d~e `~s mc~`xf

hyek ip m dvkify eh n`hhfyfd~ fdwpkfs `d ~lf ienp$ Edf eh ~lf s~fs `s m

dedfdwpkm~`c le~eclfk`cmj yfmc~èd ~lm~ ~mbfs jmcf `d ~lf sb`d* mdn ~lm~ `s ny`xfd

ip VX+jàl~$

Md misfdcf eh x`~mk`d N lms iffd j`dbfn ~e m n`sfmsf cmjjfn y`cbf~~s* ql`cl qms edcf

yfxmjfd~ `d cejn cj`km~fs qlfyf lfmxp cje~l`da ijecbfn VX jàl~$


35/71

Hm~ Sejvijf X`~mk`ds

Hm~ sejvijf x`~mk`ds `dcjvnf7 M mdn cmye~fde`ns* F* B* N

Mssec`m~fn q`~l hm~ miseyp~`ed

Dffnfn `d skmjj mkevd~s

S~eyfn d hm~~ ~`ssvfs F|cfss d~mbf lms ~e|`c cedsf}vfdcfs


36/71


X`~mk`d M ,pyfcvysey if~m cmye~fdf)

3 heyks7 yf~`dej ,s~eyfn `d j`xfy)* yf~`dmj* yf~`de`c mc`n

Yejfs `d ien7

Yfavjm~èd eh afdf f|pyfssèd _my~ eh ~lf x`svmj pàkfd~ yleneps`d* km`d~m`ds cjmy`~ eh

ceydfm ,fs fm~`da cmyye~s `s aeen hey evy ffsàl~)

Yf}v`yfn hey cfjj ayeq~l mdn n`x`sèd + fp ~lfj`mj cfjjs* iedfs

mdn ~ff~l

_yeke~fs nfxfjepkfd~ eh kkvdf cfjjs* fspfc`mjj Dm~vymjB`jjfy Cfjjs

Md~ e|`nmd~


37/71

Sevycfs eh X`~mk`d M

Yf~`de`ns + md`kmjs

J`xfy* h`sl e`js* hey~`h`fn k`jb* faas

6?& eh x`~mk`d M d~mbf s hyek ~lfsfsevycfs

Cmye~fde`ns + pjmd~s nmyb ayffd jfmh

fjjeq eymdaf

~lf e~lfy 6?&


38/71

Sdmsle~ 1+=* * 9=0


39/71

Exfynesf eh m X`~mk`d5

L`al nesfs eh x`~mk`d M myf ~e|`c

LP_FYX@^MK@DES@S M

3 =?| svppjfkfd~s ^fym~eafd`c i`y~l

nfhfc~s%sped~mdfevs miey~`ed

3| YNM

Cmyc`deafd`c sekf hffn`da ~y`mjs q`~l

skebfys

3 =?| YNM


40/71

Leq kvcl ne qf dffn5

@d~fydm~`edmj vd`~ ,@V)+cyvnf kf~len eh

kfmsvyfkfd~

Yf~`dej mc~`x`~p f}v`xmjfd~ ,YMF) +cvyyfd~* keyf pyfc`sf kf~len eh

kfmsvyfkfd~

= va eh yf~`dej ; = YMF ; 3$3 @V ;=9 vaif~m+cmye~fdf ; 9> va eh e~lfy

yex`~mk`d M


41/71

X`~mk`d M

X`~mk`d M `s vsfn ms m cejjfc~`xf ~fyk hey ~lf hejjeq`da

yfjm~fn cekevdns7

@$ Yf~`de`ns7 ~lfp dcjvnf yf~`dej M=* yf~`dmj mdn yf~`de`c

mc`n ql`cl myf mjse bdeqd ms yfheykfn x`~mk`d M$

Yf~`de`ns myf edjp hevdn `d heen eh md`kmj ey`a`d ms nm`yp

yenvc~s* iv~~fy* faas* j`xfy mdn h`sl$


42/71

Cmye~fde`ns ( Yf~`de`ns ,>?3)

@d~fy+cedxfys`eds eh

+cmye~fdf ( xmy`evs

yf~`de`ns

^lf sd~lfs`s ehyf~`dem~f `s m nfmn

fdn `d kf~miej`c

~fyks


43/71

Cmye~fde`ns ~e Yf~`de`ns ,>?3)

Fdwkm~`c cedxfys`ed eh

cmye~fde`ns eccvys `d

j`xfy ey `d~fs~`dmj cfjjs*

heyk`da yf~`dmj mdn

yf~`de`c mc`n

_yex`~mk`d M cmye~fde`ns

If~m+cmye~fdf

Mjplm cmye~fdf

If~m+cyp~e|md~l`d E~lfy cmye~fde`ns

Jv~f`d

Jcepfdf

Wfm|md~l`d


44/71

X`~mk`d M `d Heens ,>?>)


45/71

Cmye~fde`ns Mdedf5 ,>?>)

Kmd xfaa`fs myf y`cl

`d pyex`~mk`d M

cmye~fde`ns*

pmy~`cvjmyj* nmyb+ayffd* eymdaf* yfn (

fjjeq cejeyfn


46/71

X`~mk`d M Kmss ( Vd`~s ,>?6)


47/71

H`a$ =?+=m* $ 391

Yf~`dej mdn cmye~f`de`ns

J`p`n+sejvijf yfn*

eymdaf* mdn fjjeqp`akfd~s pyenvcfn ipjmd~s

Hfqfy ~lmd =?& lmxfx`~mk`d M mc~`x`~

I cmye~fdf* Fcmye~fdf* Hcyp~e|md~l`d


48/71

X`~mk`d MX`~mk`d M s mjse cmjjfn yf~`dej$ @~ hvdc~èds ms m leykedf mdn ms m x`svjm àkfd~ `d ~lf xfy~fiym~f fpf$

@d ~lf fpf* yf~`dmj* m nfy`xm~`xf eh x`~mk`d M* `d`~`m~fs ~lf yfsedsf eh yen mdn cedf cfjjs eh ~lf yf~`dm ~e jàl~* yenvc`da

m dfvyedmj sàdmj ~e ~lf iym`d$

I+cmye~fdf `s ~lf yfcvysey ~e x`~mk`d M* mdn `s cjfmxfn ~e a`xf 9 kejfcvjfs eh yf~`dej$ Yf~`dmj ,==+c`s) `s heykfn ip

e|`nm~èd eh yf~`dej$ Qlfd jàl~ s~y`bfs yf~`dmj ,ievdn ~e ~lf ye~f`d es`d)* m c`s ~e ~ymds `sekfy`wm~èd eccvys* ql`cl

yfsvj~s `d m cedheykm~èdmj clmdaf eh ~lf ylenes`d kejfcvjf$ ^l`s sfdns md fjfc~y`cmj sàdmj ~e ~lf iym`d$


49/71

L3C CL3 L3C L3C

EL

CL3

Yf~`dej


50/71

@@$ Cmye~fde`ns7

~lfp `dcjvnf I+cmye~fdf*

ql`cl cmd vdnfyae e|`nm~`xf cjfmxmaf `d ~lf ienp ~e a`xf 9

kejfcvjfs eh yf~`dej$

Leqfxfy* ~lf x`~mk`d M mc~`x`~p eh

I+cmye~fdf `s =%8 eh ~lm~ eh yf~`dej$

Cmye~fde`ns myf bdeqd ms yex`~mk`d M$ ^lfp myf hevdn `dcmyye~s* nmyb ayffd jfmhp xfaf~mijfs mdn kmdp hyv`~s$


51/71

Ièkfn`cmj `ke~mdcf eh x`~mk`d M7

=$ X`~mk`d M `s yf}v`yfn `d ~lf yenvc~èd eh

ylenes`d* ~lf x`svmj àkfd~ vsfn `d jeq jàl~,

n`k)jfxfjs hey nmyb x`sèd


52/71

^lf x`s`ed ccjf


53/71

Hvdc~èds eh X`~mk`d M

X`~mk`d M7 leykedf




X`~mk`d M mdmjeas `d nfykm~ejea

Yf~`d+M ( Mccv~mdf ~e ~yfm~ mcdf ( psey`ms`s

Kfn`cm~èds ~e jfssfd ~lf nmkmaf hyekf|cfss svd ( VX+jàl~ f|pesvyf


54/71

_essìjf Cmye~fde`n Hvdc~èds,>?0)

_yfxfd~èd eh cmynèxmscvjmy n`sfmsf Md~è|`nmd~ cmpmi`j`~`fs

6 sfyx`das%nm eh hyv`~s ( xfaf~mijfs

Cmdcfy pyfxfd~èd Md~è|`nmd~ cmpmi`j`~`fs

Jvda* eymj ( pyes~m~f cmdcfys

S~vn`fs dn`cm~f ~lm~ x`~mk`d M+ced~m`d`da heens myfkeyf pye~fc~`xf ~lmd svppjfkfd~s

Maf+yfjm~fn kmcvjmy nfafdfym~èd

Cm~mymc~s

@d afdfymj* heens y`cl d x`~mk`d M ( e~lfypl~eclfk`cmjs myf mnx`sfn ym~lfy ~lmdsvppjfkfd~s


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X`~mk`d M ê|`c`~ ,>=?)

Cedsvk`da ~lf yàl~ mkevd~ eh x`~mk`d M `s

cy`~`cmj ~e exfymjj lfmj~l

M xfy jeq ,nfh`c`fd~) ey xfy làl ,~e|`c) x`~mk`d

M ,ms yf~`de`ns) cmd pyenvcf lmykhvj skp~eks( cmd fxfd jfmn ~e nfm~l


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X`~mk`d M nfh`c`fdcp

cekked `d nfxfje`da cevd~y`fs iv~ `s ymyfjp

sffd `d nfxfjefn cevd~y`fs$

Mye|`km~fjp 96?*??? ~e 6??*???

kmjdevy`slfn cl`jnyfd `d ~lf nfxfje`da

qeyjn af~ ij`dn fmcl pfmy hyek nfh`c`fdcp

eh x`~mk`d M$

=+ Dàl~ ij`dndfss `s edf eh ~lf h`ys~ sàds eh

x`~mk`d M nfh`c`fdcp$

X`~mk`d M nfh`c`fdcp ced~yìv~fs ~e ij`dndfss

ip cmvs`da bfym~`d`wm~èd eh ~lf ceydfm mdn

nmkma`da eh ~lf yf~`dm


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X`~mk`d MX`~mk`d M s mjse cmjjfn yf~`dej$ @~ hvdc~èds ms m leykedf mdn ms m x`svjm àkfd~ `d ~lf xfy~fiym~f fpf$

@d ~lf fpf* yf~`dmj* m nfy`xm~`xf eh x`~mk`d M* `d`~`m~fs ~lf yfsedsf eh yen mdn cedf cfjjs eh ~lf yf~`dm ~e jàl~* yenvc`dam dfvyedmj sàdmj ~e ~lf iym`d$

I+cmye~fdf `s ~lf yfcvysey ~e x`~mk`d M* mdn `s cjfmxfn ~e a`xf 9 kejfcvjfs eh yf~`dej$ Yf~`dmj ,==+c`s) `s heykfn ip

e|`nm~èd eh yf~`dej$ Qlfd jàl~ s~y`bfs yf~`dmj ,ievdn ~e ~lf ye~f`d es`d)* m c`s ~e ~ymds `sekfy`wm~èd eccvys* ql`cl

yfsvj~s `d m cedheykm~èdmj clmdaf eh ~lf ylenes`d kejfcvjf$ ^l`s sfdns md fjfc~y`cmj sàdmj ~e ~lf iym`d$


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X`~mk`d M Nfh`c`fdc ,>=9)

Aejnfd y`cf qms

afdf~`cmjj

fda`dffyfn ~e

sd~lfs`wf cmye~fdf ^l`s y`cf qms

nfxfjepfn hey vsf ms

m hey~`h`fn heen `d

myfms eh ~lf qeyjn~lm~ lmxf j`k`~fn

mccfss ~e x`~mk`d M+

y`cl heens


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Ièkfn`cmj `ke~mdcf eh x`~mk`d M7

=$ X`~mk`d M `s yf}v`yfn `d ~lf yenvc~èd eh

ylenes`d* ~lf x`svmj àkfd~ vsfn `d jeq jàl~,

n`k)jfxfjs hey nmyb x`sèd


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9+X`~mk`d M `s fssfd~`mj hey ~lf ceyyfc~ hvdc~`ed`da

eh fp`~lfj`mj cfjjs mdn kvcvs sfcyf~`ed$

@d X`~mk`d M nfh`c`fdc* kvcvs+sfcyf~`da cfjjs myf

yfpjmcfn i bfym~`d+pyenvc`da cfjjs jfmn`da ~e m

xfy ny yeval sb`d ,lpfybym~es`s)$

Yf~`de`c mc`n ,~yf~`de`d) `s vsfn ~ep`cmjj `d ~lf

~yfm~kfd~ eh psey`ms`s mdn mcdf


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63/71

Ev~fy eh le~eyfcf~ey

,yen) cfjj Sfakfd~

@ddfy

sfakfd~

_le~eyfcf~ey

,yen) cfjj

Ev~fy

sfakfd~

Cm`jjmyp

_àkfd~ f`~lfj`vk

Dvcjfvs

Ev~fy j`k`~`da

kfkiymdf

Kjjfy cfjj

Hà$ =?+1* $ 33>

Hvdc~èds7 X`~mk`d M

X`sèd

Cfjj n`hhfyfd~`m~èd* ayeq~l* yfpyenvc~èd

Iedf nfxfjepkfd~

@kkvdf ss~fk


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H`a$ =?+


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X`s`ed


Iedf nfxfjepkfd~@kkvdf ss~fk


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X`sèd


Iedf nfxfjepkfd~@kkvdf ss~fk

Hvdc~èd7 Cmye~fde`ns

Md~è|`nmd~s hey s`dajf~ e|afd2

Jcepfdf 4 x`~mk`d F 4 F cmye~fdf 4

Hcyp~e|md~l`d 4 wfm|md~l`d* H cmye~fdf 4jv~f`d

,mjse qeyb if~~fy qlfd vsfn ~eaf~lfy)

Md~ e|`nmd~ hey j`p`n pfye|`nfs ,qeybs q`~lx`~mk`d F)

Jeqfy dc`nfdcf eh m~lfyescjfyes`s ~lyevalpyfxfd~èd eh e|`nm~èd eh JNJs


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Hà$ =?+=?* $ 330

@d~fymc~èd q`~l e~lfy dv~y`fd~s7

X`~mk`ds F mdn B ,`dxfysfj yfjm~fn2 làl M* jeq F mdn B)

W`dc mdn `yed

_ye~f`dF|cyf~èd7 kes~ `d vy`df ms e|eyf~`de`c mc`n* skmjj mkevd~s `d f|p`yfn m`y* sekf `d

hfcfs


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3+X`~mk`d M lms md `key~md~ yejf `d~lf n`hhfyfd~`m~èd eh ~lf cfjjs eh ~lf`kkvdf sps~fk$

^lfyfheyf* k`jn x`~mk`d M nfh`c`fdcp

jfmns ~e `dcyfmsfn svscf~ì`j`~p ~ek`cyei`mj `dhfc~èds

>+X`~mk`d M `s fssfd~`mj hey deykmjayeq~l mdn yfyenvc~èd


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^e|`c`~ eh x`~mk`d M7

F|cfss`xf `d~mbf eh x`~mk`d M pyenvcfs m ~e|`csdnyekf bdeqd ms

lpfyx`~mk`des`sM$ ,jess eh lm`y* @C_* Iy`~~jf dm`js*

lfmnmclf * xek`~`da)

@d mnn`~`ed* pyfadmd~ qekfd slevjn de~ `dafs~f|cfss`xf mkevd~s eh x`~mk`d M ifcmvsf `~ cmdcmvsf hf~mj mideykmj`~`fs


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X`~mk`d M

^e|`c`~`fs ,Yf~`dM%Mccv~m`df* s`dajf jmyafnesfs eh svppjfkfd~s* fm~`da f|cfss`xf

mkevd~s eh j`xfy) cmvsf7 Hyma`jf YICs* lfkeyylmaf

Iedf pm`d* hymc~vyfs

Minek`dmj pm`d mdn n`myylfm

Ijvyyfn x`s`ed

Ny sb`d* lm`y jess

J`xfy fdjmyafkfd~


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vitamins lecture 2 for 1st year mbbs by dr sadia haroon

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