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Vitamin Research News Dedicated to the Scientific Pursuit of Better Health

December 2003-January 2004, Vol. 17, Number 12

1. The President's Desk

Comparative Guide to Nutritional Supplements

2. Review of Potential Anti-Aging Effects of Ribonucleic Acid

Dr. Ben Frank pioneered the use of nucleic acids to control aging and prevent diseases by increasing enzyme synthesis and activation.

3. Biomarker and Cardiovascular Risk Factor—What to do About it: C-Reactive Protein

C-Reactive Protein has been identified as one of the most significant controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and heart attack.

4. Galantamine: A Unique Nutrient for Preserving Memory and Cognitive Function

Galantamine is a unique, natural supplement that has been shown to safely support cognitive function and memory.

5. Healthy Hair Caps: Patented Formula Designed to Alleviate Pattern Hair Loss in Men and Women

Healthy Hair Caps provides a patented formula containing ingredients scientifically proven to stop the processes thought to lead to hair loss.

6. Customers' Corner

Sensorineural Hearing Loss Extension I.Q. Calcium and Breast Cancer Calcium AEP and Orotate Medical Nightmare Hormone Testing Carnosine Dosages Itching Nipples Leg Cramps Help for Fibromyalgia, Tremors Lithium Orotate vs Lithobid LipiControl Safety Thyroid Testing Osteoporosis and Xylitol

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7. Nutrition Review

Green Tea Extract Suppresses H. Pylori Ginger Extract Shown to Slow Colorectal Cancer Fish Oil Helps Mend Muscle Loss in Cancer Patients

The President's Desk Comparative Guide to Nutritional Supplements

As we close the year 2003, I would like to thank all of out customers on behalf of the VRP team for your support over the past year. We are all truly proud to be your “partner in health” and look forward to continuing to bring you high quality nutritional information and products in the future.

I also want to congratulate and thank the VRP team for the recent recognition VRP received from the Comparative Guide to Nutritional Supplements. An independent group reviewed over 500 multivitamin formulas from over 230 companies in Canada and the United States. These products were compared to a nutritional benchmark developed from the published recommendations of seven recognized and independent scientific authorities. The product from VRP that was reviewed—Extend Plus—achieved a “Top Products” rating of 93.1%. Less than 1% of the products reviewed achieved a score over 90%. This publication was recently released and brought to our attention by new customers seeking out high quality products.

I really enjoy the opportunity to stay in touch with our customer base. I consider this a very important part of our service to you. Recently one of our customers brought to our attention a recent PBS Frontline special on the FDA entitled “Dangerous Prescriptions.” Thank you David M.! If you missed it go to www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/prescription/hazard/.

The current legislative action against the dietary supplement industry for “Safety” reasons is appalling when you consider the corruption at the FDA that was exposed in this report. We look forward to supporting the effort to get this information out to Congress and press them to recognize they are representative of the people, not special interest groups.

Thank you again for all your support and best wishes to you and your family as we close out 2003 and enter 2004.

Robert Watson President / CEO

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Review of Potential Anti-Aging Effects of

Ribonucleic Acid

by Ward Dean, MD

In 2003 the scientific community celebrated two important milestones. First, April 2003 was the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the structure of DNA, revealed by James Watson and Francis Crick to be a double helix. Second, 2003 marks the year the human genome was successfully sequenced by the Human Genome Project (HGP).

The half-century between these two events was a period enriched by the collective insights and hard work of a number of brilliant research scientists devoted to unlocking the mysteries of DNA. One of the leading members of this august body was Dr. Benjamin Frank. Dr. Frank deserves a great deal of credit for his pioneering insight and work in originating nucleic acid therapy to treat aging and degenerative diseases with oral doses of RNA. Dr. Frank intensively experimented with nucleic acids from 1961 until his untimely death in 1979. His early work involved the study of the physiologic effects of RNA and RNA + DNA. He found that these substances had profound (1) anti-aging (including reduced skin wrinkling and increased skin elasticity); (2) energizing; (3) “anti-anoxia” (oxygen sparing); (4) anti-low temperature and freezing [as evidenced by increased survival of experimental animals subject to low temperatures]; (5) anti-viral; and (6) cognitive enhancing effects.

These effects were first reported in his book A New Approach to Degenerative Disease and Aging—Effect of RNA, DNA with Other Metabolites (1964), and were subsequently elaborated upon in his later books, Nucleic Acid Therapy in Aging and Degenerative Disease (A Metabolic Approach with DNA, RNA and Related Metabolites) (1969), Dr. Frank's No Aging Diet (1976), and Nucleic Acid and Anti Oxidant Therapy of Aging and Degeneration (1977). Although Dr. Frank’s observations remain largely uninvestigated by other scientists, they are summarized here as a potential adjunctive approach to alleviating a variety of conditions, ranging from cosmetic and bothersome symptoms to life-threatening illnesses.

Dr. Frank's nucleic acid treatments contained from 300 mg to several grams of RNA and DNA, taken daily along with a high-potency multi-vitamin, multi-mineral formulation. Remarkable improvements were often obtained, ranging from increased mental alertness and physical performance, to decreased wrinkles.

Integrated Theory of Aging Dr. Frank's publications were not just a compilation of his observations, but outlined

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an integrated theory of aging. His theory was that nucleic acids, when injected or ingested, led to a marked increase in enzyme synthesis and activation. These actions are enhanced when optimum amounts of associated coenzymes (vitamins) and cofactors (minerals) and substrates are present or administered along with the nucleic acids. Dr. Frank envisioned the whole system of metabolites as being active in RNA therapy, but believed the nucleic acids were the most critical part of this regimen.

Most diseases originate from some kind of cellular disorder or damage. Dr. Frank believed that diseased cells (and aging) could often be “cured” by supplying the cells with an abundance of their basic building materials in pure form. The idea of the “Nucleic Acid Treatment” is to supply cells with perfect, undamaged nucleic acids which are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids activate the processes of DNA repair in degenerative conditions by inducing enzyme synthesis and activation, and increasing the energy-producing processes in the cell.

Dr. Frank believed that it should be possible, by activation and synthesis of proper enzymes, to repair cellular and sub-cellular damage with some degree of precision. This is a point which no one working with nucleic acids has properly developed. It also helps to explain why DNA damaged in degenerative diseases and aging is repaired by the type of nucleic acid therapy which he recommended.

Frank proposed that rejuvenation could occur if large quantities of pure RNA and DNA were consumed and then incorporated into our own RNA and DNA (This probably happens when cells divide and new DNA and RNA is formed). The replacement of “old” nucleic acids with “young” nucleic acids represents an overall improvement in, or repair of, our DNA and RNA. Since DNA and RNA are the key molecules for the efficient performance of the cells (and the entire body), an overall improvement of all cell processes should result, as Dr. Frank observed in patients treated with nucleic acids.

Dr. Frank was aware that the number and quality of mitochondria decreased with aging. He believed that nucleic acids may lead to increased synthesis of mitochondria, as well as enhanced repair of mitochondrial damage, thereby resulting in the increased energy production seen with RNA treatment. Dr. Frank first described the anti-anoxia effect of exogenous nucleic acids in his book, A New Approach to Degenerative Diseases and Aging (1964), which he believed was due to increased electron transport chain activity, resulting from increased ATP synthesis and turnover. Frank also believed that aging was due to a decay of DNA, occasioned by the breakdown of lysosomal membranes and subsequent release of destructive enzymes that cause DNA to decay. This breakdown of DNA leads to improperly formed messenger RNA. With advancing age, defective messenger RNA molecules are formed, causing subsequent errors in protein synthesis. If the improperly formed protein molecules are enzymes, they may either fail to perform their essential chemical reactions in cells, or do so at reduced rates.

In any event, the result would be an accumulation of the substrates on which the enzymes act. Because of the feedback mechanisms which operate in cells, this accumulation of substrates could stimulate an increased production of defective

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messenger RNA and enzymes. When such an increase does not permit production of adequate amounts of normal enzymes, the cell dies. Nucleases are enzymes in the body that destroy nucleic acids. Ribonuclease (RNAase) breaks down RNA. Levels of ribonuclease increase as we grow older, resulting in increased destruction of RNA. This explains why older people need larger amounts of RNA. Aging, or decay in cells, may precede this increase in RNAase activity so that RNA itself is liberated. This liberated and possibly denatured RNA (or RNA-containing compounds) may induce increased RNAase formation and, once formed, this RNAase activity returns to accelerate the aging process.

Basic to Dr. Frank's approach is the theory that exogenous RNA, when combined with metabolically associated B vitamins, minerals, amino acids and sugars, will enter the cell and aid in normal regeneration of the decayed metabolic organization of the cell and in so doing will bring about normal enzyme synthesis and activation.

Although Frank was aware of and respected the work of other pioneers in anti-aging research like Denham Harman (Denham Harman and the History of the Free Radical Theory of Aging, VR News, Aug. 2002), and Johan Bjorksten (Crosslinkage Theory of Aging, VR News, Jan. 2002), he believed that the key to retarding or reversing aging—whatever the cause—lay in repairing the damage involved at the points or places of involvement. And it is here that nucleic acid-containing repair systems must be primarily involved. He believed that the nucleic acid containing metabolic system appears to offer the best hope of repairing the increasing damage caused by the aging process.

To retard aging, he believed it was important to increase the quantity of nucleic acids in the diet, along with a broad spectrum of vitamins, minerals and trace minerals, and to follow a diet containing sufficient high quality protein and unsaturated fatty acids. Dr. Frank believed that if the optimum dosage of nucleic acids were taken, it would double or triple the present life span, if experience in animals was any indication.

Nucleic Acid Therapy for Aging and the Diseases of Aging

Aging Reversal Dr. Frank claimed that nucleic acid therapy resulted in a definite, but incomplete, reversal of many of the degenerative processes of aging. He believed that the observed results of aging reversal obtained with nucleic acids (and other nutritional factors) pointed the way to an attainable goal of reversing the biological age of an 80 year old man by 40 to 50 years. Frank stated optimistically, “Indeed, when total reversal of aging is achieved there would seem to be no reason why an indefinitely long and healthy life is not possible.”

Dr. Frank reported on his experiences in increasing the life expectancy of two dogs treated with RNA. One dog was a mongrel aged 14 years, and the other was a 16 year old Chihuahua. Both dogs were nearly blind, with hair that was dry, brittle and scanty, and suffered from arthritis and “myocardial weakness.” From their appearance, their future life expectancy was estimated by a veterinarian to be months, at the most. Dr. Frank treated both dogs with RNA (8 gm daily for the younger dog, and 4 gm daily

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for the older dog), along with B complex and cod liver oil daily. The health of both dogs improved dramatically after one month, activity increased, and their coats became much softer and fuller. The younger dog died in an automobile accident at age 20, and the older dog succumbed at age 23 from an infestation of intestinal worms. Dr. Frank reported that both dogs were in excellent health immediately prior to these final episodes, and believed that their lives were definitely extended by the RNA therapy.

Anti-Aging Effect of RNA on Skin One of the most visible effects of aging is the wrinkling of skin. Other skin changes include a loss of elasticity and thinning of the skin, accompanied by the loss of fat and water. In human studies, Dr. Frank reported that “the most striking effects were observed on the skin of the face....the higher the dosage, the more rapidly these effects were observed. The first changes appeared to be alterations in skin ...toward a healthier, rosier looking skin, with an apparent smoothening of the skin of the face, without any change yet in wrinkles and lines.... When dosages as low as 500 to 1,000 mg RNA daily were used, these early changes occurred in about 2 to 3 weeks. When doses of 5 grams daily were used, these changes occurred within the first week.

After one to two months of treatment, there not only was an increase in smoothness and color of the skin, but lines and wrinkles began to diminish. The wrinkles in the forehead were often the first to decrease in depth. Those of the nasolabial fold appeared to take longer. The lines around the eyes took longer still to decrease in depth....”

Concurrent with the observed decreases in skin wrinkling Dr. Frank observed increases in skin tightness, which he believed were an important cause of the smoothening of the skin, along with increased hydration.

A standard test of aging of skin is to measure the time it takes for the skin of the dorsum of the hand to return to its normal condition after being “pinched” (Figs. 1 and

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2). Three to four months of RNA treatment resulted in a more rapid return to normal in the majority of patients tested. Frank reported that after 15 patients (6 males and 9 females, varying in age from 40 to 71 years) were administered 5 grams of RNA daily for three months, the time it took for skin to return to normal after being pinched decreased by 30 to 40 percent. Wrinkles of the forehead were also noticeably reduced after 2 to 4 months of treatment. Dr. Frank estimated that the improved appearance of the skin resulted in an apparent decreased age by ten years or more in older patients (those over 70).

Dr. Frank reported that “liver spots” often disappeared after approximately two months of oral nucleic acid therapy, accompanied by tightening of the skin, causing folds to diminish and giving skin a tighter, more youthful appearance. In addition to the obvious improvements in skin appearance and elasticity, these changes indicate potentially beneficial effects on internal organs as well.

Dr. Frank noted other skin changes due to RNA therapy, including a gradual decrease in size and pigmentation of senile keratoses (wart-like skin lesions), beginning two to four months after initiating RNA therapy. This occurred with doses of RNA ranging from 1-3 gm daily.

Frank also noted reduced dryness of the skin, and an improvement in acne in younger people.

Next Month Part III of RNA: A Highly Effective Anti-Aging Supplement will review the anti-aging and health benefits of Dr. Franks’ Ribonucleic Acid Therapy in relation to cancer,

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diabetes, coronary heart disease, energy production, and related disorders of aging.

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Biomarker and Cardiovascular Risk Factor—What to do About It

C-Reactive Protein

by Ward Dean, MD

Inflammation is triggered within days of tissue injury or infection, stimulating a number of systemic and metabolic changes. One of the most dramatic changes is an increase in blood serum levels of an inflammatory marker known as C-Reactive Protein (CRP).1 CRP is one of a group of substances known as “acute phase reactants.” Among all acute-phase reactants, CRP rises the fastest and is the most reliable indicator of clinical disease and its severity (Fig. 1).2 CRP was first described in 1930 as a protein found in the blood of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. It was named C-reactive protein because of its ability to react with and precipitate the C-polysaccharide of the pneumococcus.3 In the 1940s and 1950s, CRP was one of the most frequently requested clinical laboratory tests for initial evaluation of patients with acute inflammation of any origin,2 but because of the costs involved in its measurement, its lack of quantifiability (at that time), and the ease of measuring the Erythtroycyte sedimentation rate (ESR—an indirect measurement of acute phase reactants), CRP determinations fell out of favor. In recent years, however, with the development of highly sensitive quantitative tests for CRP, it is being used much more commonly.

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CRP in Health and Disease Any clinical disease characterized by tissue injury and/or inflammation is accompanied by significant elevation of serum CRP.2 The magnitude of the CRP elevation reflects the extent of tissue injury: more extensive lesions cause longer periods of rising levels and higher peak concentrations.1

Causes of CRP elevations include acute bacterial, viral and other infections, pulmonary tuberculosis, noninfectious illnesses such as rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis), heart attack, inflammatory bowel disease, and various malignant diseases. Other causes include Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), obesity, diabetes, uremia, hypertension, physical exertion, hormone replacement therapy, sleep disturbance, chronic fatigue, high levels of alcohol consumption, low levels of physical activity, and even depression.1,2

CRP concentrations less than 0.05 mg/dL are considered normal; between 0.06 and 10 mg/dL as moderate increases; and more than 10 mg/dL as marked increases. The majority of patients with very high levels have bacterial infection, whereas more moderate degrees of elevation are seen in most chronic inflammatory states.3 In general, CRP values rarely exceed 6 or 8 mg/dL in patients with chronic inflammatory states or malignancies. Concentrations greater than this should raise the possibility of superimposed bacterial infection. CRP levels average about 3 to 4 mg/dL in adult

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rheumatoid arthritis patients with moderate disease activity.3

CRP and Cardiovascular Disease Half of all heart attacks occur in people with normal blood cholesterol levels. Atherosclerosis is now recognized to be an inflammatory process, and CRP has been identified as one of the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease and heart attacks. One large study (28,263 healthy postmenopausal women) assessed the significance of twelve serum markers of cardiovascular risk over a period of three years. The scientists found that of the 12 measures, CRP levels were the most powerful risk predictor of subsequent heart attacks. Of the lipid variables, the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B-100 were the most powerful predictors. Homocysteine was also associated with increased risk. [Fibrinogen, a major risk factor, was inexplicably not investigated in this study]. Four markers of inflammation were found to be significant predictors of the risk of future heart attacks — CRP, Serum Amyloid A, interleukin 6, and sICAM-1 (Soluble Intracellular Adhesion Molecule type 1). However, CRP was the strongest and most significant predictor (Fig. 2).4

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In another study, patients with unstable angina were followed for one year post-diagnosis. Sixty-nine percent of the patients with elevated CRP suffered a heart attack within one year. Conversely, there were significantly fewer heart attacks and increased survival in the group with CRP levels less than 0.3 mg/dL (Figures 3 and 4).5

In a year-long study of patients with stable angina who had undergone coronary artery stenting, those with the highest levels of CRP had the shortest survival time (Fig. 5).

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CRP to Monitor Disease and as a Biomarker of Aging Serial determinations of CRP have been recommended as the best single means of monitoring postoperative recovery and to follow the course of disease.2 It is probably of greatest value in following patients being treated for chronic inflammatory diseases.3 In recent years, aging has been recognized as the ultimate chronic inflammatory disease.

Lowering CRP Not only does CRP rise as a result of inflammatory processes, but it now has been found to promote inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, as well.6,7 Thus, not only is it important to treat the underlying disease process to reduce CRP, but it is important to reduce CRP to prevent and speed recovery from the disease. A number of substances have been shown to effectively reduce C reactive protein, from whatever cause.

Statins/Red Yeast Rice Extract Statin drugs and Red Yeast Rice Extract, the natural prototype of statins, have been found to significantly reduce CRP. In one long-term (5 year) study, treatment with the statin drug Pravastatin resulted in an overall 38% reduction in mean CRP levels, and a 54% reduction in coronary artery disease.8

Vitamin E

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Researchers at Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas found that high intakes of vitamin E reduce the level of CRP. The scientists performed a study on 75 subjects—normal controls, and type 2 diabetics with and without cardiovascular disease. They found that supplementation with 1,200 IU of Vitamin E every day resulted in a decrease of CRP by 30 percent in all groups (Fig. 6).9

Vitamin B6 Scientists from the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University in Boston reported that low levels of vitamin B6 are associated with higher levels of C-Reactive Protein (and vice-versa).10

Aspirin In the Physician's Health Study, men who regularly used aspirin had a 44% lower incidence of heart attacks. Significantly, the benefit was highest in those with the highest CRP.11 Thus, the anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin may contribute to its efficacy in preventing cardiovascular disease.5

Gugulipid In a recent article in the Journal of the American Medical Association, it was found that gugulipid resulted in significant reduction of total cholesterol in only 20% of the people who took it.12 The article appeared to be a “take-out” piece designed to discredit any purported benefits of this nutrient. However, buried in the data was the fact that gugulipid consumption resulted in an overall lowering of CRP of nearly 30 percent!

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This article was recently reviewed in VR News.13

Proteolytic Enzymes Anti-inflammatory proteolytic enzymes, like those contained in VRP’s UniZyme formula, have been shown effective in reducing CRP levels. In one double-blinded study, German researchers treated patients with proteolytic enzymes prior to dental surgery, and post-operatively for several days. By the third day after surgery, CRP levels were 300% higher in the placebo group compared to those treated with the proteolytic enzymes.15

Conclusion Other anti-inflammatory substances, such as the herbs, Turmeric and Boswellia, and fish oil, have all been reported to have dramatic CRP-lowering properties. In any condition characterized by an elevation of CRP, measures to ameliorate the disease and lower CRP should be used simultaneously. The higher the level of CRP, the more aggressively the treatment program should be implemented. It is likely that the most effective results will be obtained from a combination approach.

References 1. Kushner, I. C-Reactive Protein and the Acute Phase Response. Hospital Practice, 1990, March 30, 13-28. 2. Deodhar, S.D. C-Reactive Protein: The best laboratory indicator available for monitoring disease activity. Cleveland Clinic J. Medicine, 1989, 56: 2, 126-129. 3. Kushner, I. The acute-phase response in humans. Whys is it important? Internal Medicine for the Specialist, 1988, 9: 5, 59-65. 4. Ridker, P., Hennekens, C., Buring, J., and Rifai, N. C-Reactive Protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. New England J Med, 2000, 342: 836-43. 5. Patel, V., Robbins, M. and Topol, E. C-reactive protein: A “Golden Marker” for inflammation and coronary artery disease. Cleveland Clinic J Medicine, 2001, 68: 6, 521-534. 6. Kushner, I. C-reactive protein elevation can be caused by conditions other than inflammation and may reflect biologic aging. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 2001, 68: 6, 535-540. 7. Pasceri, V., Willerson, J., Yeh, E. Direct proinflammatory effect of C reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation, 2000, 102:2165-2168. 8. Ridker, P., Rifai, N., Pfefer, M., Sacks, F., Braunwald, E. Long term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. Circulation, 1999, 100: 230-235. 9. Devaraj, S., and Jialal, I. Alpha tocopherol supplementation decreases serum C-Reactive Protein and Monocyte interleukin 6 levels in normal volunteers and type 2 diabetic patients. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2000, 29: 8, 790-792. 10. Friso, S., Jacques, P., Wilson, P., Rosenberg, I., and Selhub, J. Low circulating Vitamin B6 is associated with elevation of the inflammation marker C-Reactive Protein independently of plasma homocysteine levels. Circulation, 2001, 103: 2788. 11. Ridker, P., Cushman, M., Stampfer, M., Tracy, R., Hennekens, C. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med, 1997, 336: 973-979. 12. Szapary PO, Wolfe ML, Bloedon LT, Cucchiara AJ, DerMarderosian AH, Cirigliano MD, Rader DJ. Guggulipid for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003 Aug 13;290(6):765-72. 13. Dean, W. Guggulipid ineffective as lipid-lowering agent? Vitamin Research News, 2003, 17: 10, 1,12. 14. Tomassi, S., Carluccio, E., and Bentifoglio, M, et al. C reactive protein as a marker for cardiac ischemic events in the year after a first, uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Am J. Cardiol, 1999, 83: 1595-1599. 15. Cichoke A. Enzymes hasten pain relief. Nutrition Science News. Feb. 2001.

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Galantamine: A Unique Nutrient for Preserving Memory and Cognitive Function

by Jim English

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One of the prospects facing otherwise healthy adults is the inexorable loss of memories and cognitive performance with advancing age. Aging baby boomers are becoming aware of age-related cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment and dementia. This growing problem is matched with an equally alarming increase in the number of adults being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's. A number of drugs and nutritional supplements have been proven to help slow the loss of cognitive functions in aging individuals. A growing body of research indicates that galantamine—a powerful new cognitive enhancing phytonutrient—is among the safest and most effective neuro-protective substances available today.

Dementia and the Aging Brain All adults experience occasional lapses of memory, from misplacing car keys to temporarily forgetting a name. Dementia, by contrast, is a permanent and progressive disorder marked by profound memory impairment and loss of complex cognitive functions, including problem-solving, decision-making, spatial orientation, and communication.

Dementia can be caused by the ravages of advanced age, as well as neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s), vascular disorders (multi-infarct disease), inherited disorders (Huntington’s disease), and infections (viruses such as HIV). A common factor shared by all of these disorders is a reduction of blood and oxygen levels in the brain, which starves brain cells of fuel while damaging cell membranes and accelerating brain cell death.

Over time dementia can lead to depression, incontinence, disorientation, speech disturbances, tremors, muscle weakness, tinnitus, and loss of visual acuity and coordination. In time dementia victims are rendered incapable of functioning and require round-the-clock care. Currently dementia affects an estimated 8 percent of all adults over the age of 65, and up to an astounding 50 percent of people over the age of 80.

Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, usually surfaces after about 50 years of age. Symptoms of Alzheimer’s include the progressive erosion of memories, accompanied by the deterioration of mental performance, communication skills, abstract thinking and personality. Alzheimer’s afflicts approximately 40 percent of all individuals over the age of 85, accounting for some 4 million people in the US. Life expectancy following diagnosis of Alzheimer’s is only about 8 years.

Vascular Dementia Vascular dementia (VaD), the second leading form of dementia, is caused when cerebrovascular disease impairs blood flow to the brain and starves cells of oxygen and vital nutrients. Common cerebrovascular events that precede vascular dementia include strokes, carotid stenosis and aneurysms. More than 700,000 Americans experience a major cerebrovascular event each year, usually in the form of a stroke. Additional subsets of vascular dementia caused by cerebrovascular disease include hereditary vascular dementia, multi-infarct dementia, post-stroke dementia, subcortical ischemic vascular disease and dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and degenerative

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dementias (including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies). Vascular dementia is also often found present, to some degree, in cases of Alzheimer’s disease (mixed dementia).

The Aging Cholinergic System Central nervous system functions are controlled by the cholinergic system, a system of cells that produce and/or are stimulated by the neurotransmitter , acetylcholine. Two types of receptors— muscarinic and nicotinic—respond to acetylcholine to facilitate intracellular communication, memory processing and higher cognitive functions. The process begins when acetylcholine is released to travel across the synaptic cleft (Fig. 1) where it binds to a receptor on the other side of the synapse (post-synaptic terminal). Once the signal is triggered acetylcholine is rapidly broken down by an enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and made available to be recycled.

Diminished cholinergic functioning, a biomarker of normal aging, is especially severe in cases involving dementia. In Alzheimer’s for example, amyloid plaque deposits in key components of the cholinergic system cause a drastic decline in acetylcholine levels. To make matters worse, already reduced acetylcholine levels continue to be degraded by AchE, further impairing memory and eroding cognitive ability.1

Reversing Cholinergic Decline Conventional medical treatment for dementia involves drugs, called acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that suppress AChE to prevent it from degrading

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acetylcholine. This elevates acetylcholine levels and allows the neurotransmitter to persist in the synaptic cleft for a longer period of time. The two acetylcholinesterase inhibiting drugs currently approved for Alzheimer's—Tacrine™ and Aricept™—are only moderately effective and suffer drawbacks. Both are expensive, costing between $100 and $240 per month, and present serious side effects, including liver toxicity (Tacrine) to nausea and diarrhea (Aricept).2

Galantamine: Dual-Action Cholinesterase Inhibitor Galantamine is a natural compound derived from the common snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis), a plant closely related to the daffodil. Galantamine first attracted attention when it was found to be an effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Later it was discovered that galantamine amplifies the effects of acetylcholine by directly stimulating nicotinic receptors (nAChR).3

As stated earlier, nicotinic receptors are one of two types of receptors that are stimulated by acetylcholine. Nicotinic receptors are especially important for learning and short-term memory processes. Additionally, nicotinic receptors are damaged in Alzheimer’s disease, likely as a result of the build up of plaque on receptor sites. Obviously any compound that could stimulate these receptors would be of benefit in treating Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia. Unfortunately drugs that act on nicotinic receptors tend to quickly desensitize the receptors, leading to tolerance and producing only short-term symptomatic improvement.4

As previously stated, in addition to acting as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine has also been shown to be a nicotinic agonist—an agent that mimics the effects of acetylcholine by directly stimulating nicotinic receptors. More importantly, galantamine was shown to be an allosteric modulator—a compound that interacts with receptors by binding to sites distinctly different from those used by acetylcholine or nicotine. Because allosteric modulators are not directly involved in the neurotransmission processes they affect, they do not induce compensatory processes that other compounds induce. Thus, problems such as receptor desensitization and down-regulation of expression are avoided.5

Unique Effects of Galantamine Galantamine’s attributes result in a number of benefits not seen with other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. First, acting as an allosteric modulator, galantamine stimulates nicotinic receptors and improves their functions without inducing tolerance and losing effectiveness. Second, galantamine amplifies the actions of acetylcholine to improve symptoms. Third, galantamine actually increases the release of acetylcholine, while modulating levels of other neurotransmitters involved in dementia, such as glutamate, serotonin and GABA.6

Human Studies Numerous human studies support the use of galantamine to support cognitive function and memory. In one multicenter, double-blind, placebo controlled trial conducted in Europe and Canada, 653 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease were treated with either galantamine or a placebo. After three weeks of therapy randomly assigned doses of galantamine were increased to maintenance levels of 24 or 32 mg

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per day. After six months, patients receiving galantamine showed significantly improved scores on an 11 item Alzheimer’s assessment scale compared to placebo. Patients on the higher doses also had significantly better scores on the dementia scale than the placebo group. Study authors concluded that galantamine slowed declines in functional ability and cognition, and was well tolerated by patients.7

In a second recent study, 285 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral vascular disease participated in a multicenter double-blind study in England. Patients received either 24 mg per day of galantamine or a placebo for six months. Following the double-blinded phase, 238 patients continued the study, receiving 24 mg per day for the next six months. At the end of the one-year trial patients treated with galantamine showed clinically significant improvements in cognitive functions after six months and maintained their cognitive functions for the entire 12-month study. In contrast, cognitive functions deteriorated among those in the placebo group. When the placebo-treated patients began to take galantamine during the open-label phase of the trial they did show improvements in cognitive function, but they never attained the same cognitive level as patients who had been treated with galantamine for the entire 12 months.8

Conclusion Aging adults face the loss of cognitive powers and impaired mental functions. Research supports the role of galantamine in slowing brain aging and preserving cognitive functions. Research also indicates that maximum protective benefits are observed when treatment begins before signs of irreversible declines in mental abilities.

References 1. Watkins PB, Zimmerman HJ, Knapp MJ. Hepatotoxic effects of tacrine administration in patients with Alzheimer's disease. JAMA 1994 Apr 6; 271:992-8. 2. Watkins PB, Zimmerman HJ, Knapp MJ. Hepatotoxic effects of tacrine administration in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. JAMA 1994 Apr 6; 271:992-8 3. Doggrell SA, Evans S. Treatment of dementia with neurotransmission modulation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2003 Oct;12(10):1633-54. 4. Maelicke A. Allosteric modulation of nicotinic receptors as a treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2000 Sep;11 Suppl 1:11-8. 5. Maelicke A, Samochocki M, Jostock R, Fehrenbacher A, Ludwig J, Albuquerque EX, Zerlin M. Allosteric sensitization of nicotinic receptors by galantamine, a new treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 2001;49:279-88. 6. Samochocki M, Hoffle A, Fehrenbacher A, et al. Galantamine is an allosterically potentiating ligand of neuronal nicotinic but not of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Jun;305(3):1024-36. Epub 2003 Mar 20. 7. Efficacy and safety of galantamine in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: multicentre randomised controlled trial. Galantamine International-1 Study Group. BMJ 2000 Dec 9;321(7274):1445-9. 8. Bullock R, Erkinjuntti T, Lilienfeld S, GAL-INT-6 Study Group G. Management of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease plus Cerebrovascular Disease: 12-Month Treatment with Galantamine. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2004 [Epub ahead of print]. Epub 2003 Oct 13.

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Patented Formfula Designed to Alleviate Pattern Hair Loss in Men and Women

Healthy Hair Caps

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by Kimberly Pryor

By the age of 50, about half of all men will experience mild to moderate hair loss characterized by receding hairline and/or balding at the crown. And although hair loss is commonly thought of as a male condition, approximately 40 percent of the 60 million Americans experiencing hair loss are women. In fact, for every five men experiencing hair loss, three women experience the same condition. Pattern hair loss is non-discriminating, affecting men and women of all races and cultures.

Although hair loss can be caused by a number of factors—stress, thyroid problems, medications—a condition known as pattern hair loss or androgenetic alopecia is the most common form of balding, representing nearly 95% of all hair loss cases.

Because VRP recognizes that hair loss is a serious problem with negative effects on self-esteem and self-confidence we were excited to find a patented formula containing ingredients scientifically proven to stop the processes thought to lead to hair loss. This patented formula (US Patent 5,972,345, Chizick , et al.) contains natural ingredients shown to block the production of the hormone DHT, which is thought to be the culprit behind hair loss.

Blocking DHT The patent for the hair re-growth formula describes the process by which dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a male hormone, damages the hair follicle, preventing it from growing hair that reaches the surface. When DHT levels are high, it is thought that the growth phase of hair is shortened and that it takes less time for hair to fall out than when DHT levels are low. Testosterone is converted to DHT via the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, a process that is thought to play a role in hair loss. In designing the patented formula, the inventors chose a number of natural ingredients shown to block DHT and the enzyme responsible for its production (5-alpha reductase)—including saw palmetto, pygeum and stinging nettles. These ingredients work in the same manner as the hair loss drug, Propecia, to lower DHT levels.

Studies show that the formula ingredients can inhibit the activity of 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme responsible for converting testosterone to DHT, thereby reducing the production of DHT. For example, one randomized, double-blind study used as an exhibit in the patent demonstrates the effectiveness of two ingredients in inhibiting 5-alpha-reductase in subjects with androgenetic alopecia.

In the placebo-controlled study, researchers treated males between the ages of 23 and 64 years of age suffering from mild to moderate androgenetic alopecia with saw palmetto extract and beta-sitosterol. The subjects showed a “highly positive” response to treatment. Sixty percent of the study subjects (6/10) were rated as improved at the final visit.1 According to the researchers, “This study establishes the effectiveness of naturally occurring 5-alpha reductase inhibitors against androgenetic alopecia for the first time, and justifies the expansion to larger trials.

Hair Healthy Ingredients The extracts used in this formula are prepared using procedures designed to ensure

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the highest quality. For example, the stinging nettle extract is prepared from the young top leaves of stinging nettle plants. The top leaves are harvested from plants grown in clean, uncontaminated areas. The leaves are dried then extracted with water and alcohol. The extract is concentrated to a paste and spray-dried to produce a stable pure powder.

Stinging nettle extract, an extract of a perennial plant growing world wide, has reduced prostate growth potential in mice after administration of a high dosage of the nettle root extract. Stinging nettles also have been used traditionally as a hair and skin tonic, stimulating hair growth, improving condition of the hair and skin and treating dandruff. European research indicates that stinging nettle works synergistically with pygeum.2

In addition to stinging nettle, the patent mentions two other ingredients shown to aid in the inhibition of DHT: saw palmetto and pygeum.

Saw Palmetto Saw Palmetto extract is derived from the berry of the Saw Palmetto tree, a small palm tree with large leaves and large deep red black berries. Saw Palmetto extract is a purified, fat-soluble extract prepared by extracting the fat-soluble components of the berries. These components include steroidal saponins, fatty acids, phytosterols, volatile oil, resins and tannins. The Saw Palmetto berries contain an oil with a variety of fatty acids and phytosterols.

Studies have shown that saw palmetto can block DHT. Researchers determined the prostate levels of testosterone and DHT in three groups of men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Of these three groups, 40 of the men participated in a 6-month randomized trial that compared saw palmetto to a placebo. The subjects taking the saw palmetto experienced a 32% drop in DHT levels. DHT did not decline in those subjects taking the placebo.3

Pygeum Pygeum is an extract of the air-dried bark from Pygeum africanum, a large evergreen tree growing in the higher plateaus of southern Africa. European travelers first used it in the 1700s when they learned from South African tribes how to soothe bladder discomfort and treat what they called “old man's disease” with pygeum. Since the mid-1960s, Europeans have used Pygeum bark extract to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Pygeum contains ferulic acid esters (n-docosanol and tetracosanol) that reduce prolactin levels and block the accumulation of cholesterol in the prostate. Prolactin is thought to increase the uptake of testosterone by the prostate. In addition, cholesterol increases binding sites for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) so Pygeum's ability to block cholesterol may also play a role in reducing DHT levels, thereby reducing hair loss.4

Other Ingredients In addition to the ingredients listed in the patent, VRP had the formula custom designed to include two other hair-healthy ingredients, PABA and beta sitosterol. As mentioned above, beta sitosterol can effectively block the enzyme that leads to the

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production of DHT. PABA is an antioxidant known as “The Anti-Gray Hair Vitamin” because of its potential to restore hair to its natural color. Researchers have noted that PABA not only affects the color of the hair but that it can impact growth as well. Dr. Chris Zarafonetis (1964) of Temple University described five cases of dramatic hair color change and hair re-growth in 20 patients who presented with markedly gray hair, who were taking 6-24 grams of PABA per day for other conditions.5

References 1. Prager N, Bickett K, French N, Marcovici G. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of botanically derived inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Altern Complement Med 2002 Apr;8(2):143-52. 2. US Patent 5,972,345, Chizick , et al. 3. Marks LS, Hess DL, Dorey FJ, Luz Macairan M, Cruz Santos PB, Tyler VE. Tissue effects of saw palmetto and finasteride: use of biopsy cores for in situ quantification of prostatic androgens. Urology. 2001 May;57(5):999-1005. 4. Simons AJ, Dawson IK, Dugumba B, Tchoundjeu Z. Passing problems: prostate and prunus. HerbalGram 1998;43:49-53. 5. Zarafonetis C. Darkening of gray hair during para-amino-benzoic acid therapy. J Investigative Dermatology. 1964;399-401.

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Customers' Corner

by Ward Dean, MD VRP Medical Director and Director, Research & Development

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Dear Dr. Dean We’re looking for some help for our 22-month-old son who has been diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss. I understand that periwinkle may be helpful for such hearing loss problems and hope you can help us with dosages, results and costs (we are not concerned about price). We await your reply regarding a possible solution for this very difficult situation.

Regards, Mr. S.

Dear Mr. S., Your thoughts about the periwinkle extract are correct. I suggest Vinpocetine (a periwinkle derivative). I am not sure of an appropriate dosage, as I have little experience in dealing with children this young. Nevertheless, I think a dosage of ten to twenty mg per day may be safe and appropriate. Vinpocetine is the only substance that I have ever used that has produced a noticeable improvement in vision, hearing, or the vestibular system. It is very safe—and also, very inexpensive.

Please let me know how your child responds.

Ward Dean, MD

Extension I.Q.

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Dr. Ward Dean, I have a customer who was using Extension I.Q. for her memory. She is 70 years old and just had a heart bypass and valve replacement. Her doctor has her taking blood thinners (Coumadin) and has told her to discontinue all supplements with vitamin K and Ginkgo Biloba in them. Is there another product that will give her the relief she was receiving for her memory problems? Any help you can provide would be greatly appreciated.

Best of Health, Mr. B.

Dear Mr. B., If she was benefiting from Extension I.Q. and using it regularly, I’d recommend that she continue to do so. The reason she was told to discontinue taking Ginkgo biloba was because Ginkgo has an additive blood thinning effect to Coumadin.

She will be getting her clotting factors checked regularly—weekly, biweekly, or monthly—and her coumadin dosage will be adjusted accordingly. Thus, if she continues to take Extension I.Q. on a regular basis, as she has done in the past, her dosage of coumadin will just be less than if she were not taking Ginkgo biloba.

I think Ginkgo is probably more beneficial for her than coumadin, anyway.

Ward Dean, MD

Calcium and Breast Cancer

Dear Dr. Dean, I’ve survived breast cancer twice. My nutritionist is recommending that I take between 1200 and 1500 mg of calcium daily, along with 500 mg magnesium and vitamin D. Can you suggest something that is water-soluble?

Thanks for your help, Ms. N.

Dear Ms. N., Rather than just taking some isolated minerals and vitamin D, I suggest a broad-spectrum multi-nutrient formula, ranging from Optimum Six to Extend Ultra. These formulas provide substantial amounts of magnesium and calcium, plus synergistic vitamin and mineral cofactors in balanced doses.

This can be augmented by VRP’s Essential Minerals or Advanced Essential Minerals—again providing additional amounts of calcium and magnesium in a balanced formula with other minerals. If additional calcium is required, I suggest Calcium Hydroxyapatite, the most bioavailable form of calcium there is.

Ward Dean, MD

Calcium AEP and Orotate

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Dear Dr. Dean, In one of your articles (Calcium AEP: Membrane Integrity Factor Aids Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, Asthma and Osteoporosis) you report how people with multiple sclerosis and osteoporosis experienced excellent results after taking Ca-AEP, Calcium Orotate and Magnesium Orotate. My question is, would these same results occur if a different form of calcium and magnesium were taken, such as calcium citrate?

Thank you, Dr. F.

Dear Dr. F., The benefits reported in the articles were specific for the forms of the minerals as cited. Orotate salts are preferential intracellular mineral transporters. That is, they very efficiently transport the minerals into the cells. Consider the differences in therapeutic effectiveness of prescription lithium citrate and lithium carbonate, with VRP's much safer and more effective Lithium Orotate. Ca-AEP is not a significant source of calcium. It is the -aminoethanolium phosphate (AEP) moiety that is therapeutically effective in MS and other conditions.

Ward Dean, MD

Medical Nightmare

Dear Dr. Dean, I am 55, formerly very active, and currently in a medical nightmare. I had two complete knee replacements, performed six months apart by two different surgeons. The first procedure was a phenomenal success, the second a failure. From the first post-op day the skin on my leg ulcerated and the incision would not close. This causes my knee to fill with blood, which then drains into my leg, causing constant inflammation of my calf. After continuously approaching my surgeon about these issues he said that I think about my knee too much. Now I have been diagnosed with a staph-epi infection of the bones in my right leg. Any ideas on how I can survive this?

Sincerely, Ms. S.

Dear Ms. S., I’m sorry to hear of your tragic plight. Several things come to mind. Hyperbaric oxygen may help. I'd ask the surgeon to consult with a hyperbaric unit. Most physicians are unaware of the potential benefit of hyperbaric oxygen. Hyperbaric oxygen should be a principle consideration in any non-healing wound. If the organism is an anaerobic one, the hyperbaric oxygen will be especially helpful.

Something else to consider in your current situation is Mild Silver Protein 400. Thymic Protein A or other immune stimulants may help.

How is your blood sugar and insulin? If you are borderline diabetic, the stress could have “pushed you over the edge,” causing frank diabetes. This, of course, would

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further impair wound healing, and needs to be corrected.

Hope these suggestions help. Let me know what happens.

Ward Dean, MD

Hormone Testing

Hello Dr. Dean, I am a 44-year-old male. I’m in good health but starting to feel my age, especially as I increase my exercise regimen to prepare for the skiing season. My job is high stress and exhausting, even though I diet and exercise to try to recoup.

I currently take 25 mg of DHEA per day, along with DMAE 100 Plus, a multiple vitamin and several other supplements you’ve suggested in the past, including 81 mg aspirin, Acetyl-L carnitine, Phosphatidylserine, Vinpocetine, Turmeric, and VRP’s AndroSpray.

I’d like to know what hormone test kit I should order, given that I take all the above supplements. Please answer the following questions:

1) Should I order a test for 2 or 5 hormones? 2) What hormones should I test for? (I'm concerned about estrogen production due to taking AndroSpray). 3) Do you see a problem with the combination of the above supplements? I've been adding to the list over time.

Regards, Mr. D.

Dear Mr. D., I'd recommend the 5-hormone Salivary Hormone Test kit. Considering your high-stress job, it's reasonable to evaluate your adrenal function — and the best indicator of adrenal function is to determine your morning cortisol/DHEA ratio. I also agree that it would be helpful to obtain a baseline estrogen and testosterone level. That gives you four of the five hormones. Also, I think it would be interesting to know your progesterone levels as well. I recently found that my progesterone levels were in the slightly above normal range, most likely due to taking 100 mg Pregnenolone each morning. Dr. John Lee recommended progesterone for men—and it appears that the pregnenolone is effective in keeping my progesterone levels up.

With regard to your current regimen, I think it's pretty reasonable. Hope this answers your questions.

Ward Dean, MD

Carnosine Dosages

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Dear Dr. Dean, I’ve read conflicting reports on the correct dosages of Carnosine to prevent glycation. Some sources recommend 500 mg, two to three times a day, while others say 50 mg, two to three times a day is adequate. When I take the higher dose I get a headache, but don't seem to have a problem with the lower dose. Am I getting any benefits taking 50 mg, two to three times a day?

Thank You, Mr. M.

Dear Mr. M., I understand your confusion. The data to support specific doses of carnosine are not in yet. For example, Dr. Marios Kyriasis recommends doses in the 50 to 200 mg per day range. He has conducted studies with his patients, and observed that indices of free radical activity were improved with dosages in this range. Beneficial clinical changes in his patients were also reported.

On the other hand, dosages of 800 mg per day were used with good effect in children with autism. This would appear to support the higher doses (above 1 gram) used by many life extensionists. The toxic dose in experimental animals is very high, so carnosine appears to be very safe. I am leaning towards recommending the higher doses for maximum benefit for most people. However, since these doses cause you to have headaches, I'd suggest maintaining a dose that does not cause you problems. I believe you'll still derive significant benefit.

Ward Dean, MD

Itching Nipples

Dear Dr. Dean, I am a 65-year-old relatively healthy male. I’ve been taking DHEA for the last 10 years (50 mg/day). For the last four years I have experienced extreme itching in my nipples — sometimes the right, sometimes the left, and sometimes both. After suffering from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) for over ten years, the DHEA cured it within 2 weeks of taking it and I am loath to stop using it.

I noticed that certain spices increase the irritation, yet I still experience irritation even when I don't ingest any suspected foods for weeks. I have eliminated all types of food from my diet but haven't hit on any suspects, except for DHEA. I also take one ounce of alcohol per day (either one beer or wine). This has almost totally eliminated my heart arrhythmia and cramping in my legs and feet (if I miss taking alcohol for even one day I suffer from severe cramping at night). I also eliminated vinegar and foods high in vitamin C, but again without success. I also spoke with a dermatologist, but he didn't have a clue.

To sum up, the only two substances I haven't really tested through elimination are the alcohol and the DHEA. Could this be caused by one of them or do you have another

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idea?

Thanks, Mr. R.

Dear Mr. R., I think your problem may be excess estrogen. Alcohol or DHEA could also contribute to your problem. At any rate, you can confirm this several ways. First, by performing a salivary hormone test to determine if you have elevated levels of estrogen. Second, the situation might resolve by accelerating the metabolism of estrogen by taking I3C or BioDIM. Third, you could discontinue the alcohol or DHEA and see if the problem resolves.

Bodybuilders who take excess anabolic steroids, which convert into estrogen, often suffer from a condition they refer to as “bitch tits,” characterized by itchy, tender nipples. They usually resolve the problem by reducing the dosage of testosterone, or using an aromatase inhibitor like Arimidex. Hope these suggestions help.

Ward Dean, MD

Leg Cramps

Dear Dr. Dean, For several years I've experienced intermittent cramping of my calf muscles while sleeping. By intermittent I mean that it doesn’t occur every night. I've read various ideas about possible causes including dehydration, magnesium deficiency, and even adrenal exhaustion (apparently there is a link between stress and poor mineral metabolism, even if one consumes plenty of minerals). Any additional information or clarification that you can provide will be very much appreciated.

Thanks, Mr. C.

Dear Mr. C., Massage may help, as well as increasing your intake of potassium, magnesium, and calcium. I'd suggest MPA Caps (Magnesium, Potassium Aspartate), plus either Essential Minerals or Advanced Essential Minerals. Also, drink plenty of fluids.

Ward Dean, MD

Help for Fibromyalgia, Tremors

Dear Dr. Dean, I am 72 years old and I have Fibromyalgia, Benign Essential Tremors, Sjogren’s disease, and high blood pressure. I sleep much too much and always feel exhausted. My main problem is, I have not been able to take most supplements for many years.

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I know how much I need to take some of the supplements, and I currently use VRP’s Culturelle and Digestive Enzymes, but that’s it. I’ve tried others but had to return them. For example, the tiniest dose of magnesium just puts me to sleep, while anything that is supposed to give me energy causes me to become very hyper and drives up my blood pressure. I know that it is not an allergic response as this has been going on for many years, and I have tried many different supplements.

Currently, I take Vicodin ES, Ultram, Vasotec, Zoloft, Xanax, Inderal, Estrogen and Armour Thyroid. I am really impressed with your company and read everything you send. Thank you very much in advance for your interest.

Ms. D.

Dear Ms. D., I find it interesting that you are able to take the array of synthetic drugs that you do, but supplements cause adverse effects. Your fatigue and allergy-like responses to the supplements indicate an immune system dysfunction. I suggest starting with Thymic Protein A. Thymic Protein A was recently tested in a double blind study of patients with chronic fatigue, with very beneficial results. Chronic fatigue is closely related to fibromyalgia. I think it may help in your case as well. Thymic Protein A has also helped in cases of Sjogren's syndrome. Xylitol chewing gum is helpful in normalizing the dry mouth of patients with Sjogren’s.

Also, I'd suggest Pressure-FX for your blood pressure. That may also help your energy levels as well, by normalizing your intracellular levels of potassium and magnesium.

Finally, I'd suggest discontinuing Xanax. Xanax is probably going to contribute to your fatigue and excess sleepiness.

Ward Dean, MD

Lithium Orotate vs Lithobid

Dear Dr. Dean, In the October 2003 issue of Vitamin Research News you offered the following comment on the use of lithium for Graves disease: “Because Lithium Orotate is 20 times more bioavailable than prescription lithium (carbonate or citrate), much lower levels can be used, and side effects, in my experience, do not occur.”

I have 2 adult children — both diagnosed with manic depression — taking Lithobid — one for 15 years, the other for 2 years. We’ve been able to control both manic and depressive portions with 1,200 mg of Lithobid daily, however the side effects are nearly debilitating. We’ve tried some newer drugs, but the results were unsuccessful and caused even greater side effects.

Do you have any experience with successfully switching patients from prescription

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lithium (Lithobid) to Lithium Orotate for manic depression? Relief from side effects, primarily Parkinson’s-type shakiness, lethargy, and potential kidney damage, would be obvious advantages if effective treatment could still be maintained with the proper dosage of Lithium Orotate.

Mr. H.

Dear Mr. H., Yes, of course Lithium Orotate can be used in manic depressive illness. I'd start with two to four capsules daily. It is not necessary to wean from the Lithobid — just stop taking it and switch over to Lithium Orotate. Lithium Orotate is very fast-acting.

It's difficult for traditional physicians who are accustomed to monitoring blood levels with prescription lithium to understand that a better way is to just monitor how the patient is doing. The patients really appreciate the lack of adverse effects, and not having to go to the doctor for their monthly blood tests.

Ward Dean, MD

LipiControl Safety

Dear Dr. Dean, I’ve been taking 2 capsules of LipiControl™ per day for about a year, during which my total cholesterol has gone from 283 down to 200. My doctor says that LipiControl contains a form of statin, and that if it is really helping to control my cholesterol it must also affect my liver. Can you please address this and comment on the safety of LipiControl?

Yours truly, L.M.

Dear L.M., While your physician is partly correct that Red Yeast Rice Extract (RYRE), one of the active ingredients in LipiControl, is the natural prototype from which the synthetic statin drugs were derived, RYRE does not have the high incidence of adverse effects that are seen with the statin drugs. Many people who experience liver enzyme elevation with statin drugs are able to take RYRE without any problems. Furthermore, other substances in Lipi-Control provide lipid-normalizing effects, acting synergistically with the RYRE.

It is this combined action of multiple lipid-lowering substances in LipiControl that result in the profound beneficial effects that you have experienced on a fractional dose of LipiControl. I assume that your doctor has checked your liver enzymes with the same blood sample that he used to check your cholesterol. Since you didn't mention any elevation of liver enzymes, I assume that your liver was not adversely affected. Consequently, I believe you can safely continue to take LipiControl. I’d suggest you increase the dose slightly, to bring your cholesterol levels into the optimum range of 160-180.

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Ward Dean, MD

Thyroid Testing

Dear Dr. Dean, I’m a 55-year-old female, in excellent health and an avid runner. My body temperature has always been low, but always higher than 97 degrees. In the last year my temperature has dropped, and now measures from 95.6 to 96.3 degrees. I also suffer from sleepiness, dry skin and thinning hair. I use hormone therapy (estrogen cream with progesterone, ordered from a compounded pharmacy) and my hormone levels are okay.

The problem is that my thyroid blood test shows that I’m in the low-normal range. My doctor says that if my blood test doesn't show a thyroid problem, it doesn't exist.

I love your publication and your products. Any suggestions or supplements you could share would be greatly appreciated.

Ms. M.

Dear Ms. M., I think you should find a new doctor. From your symptoms, you are a walking, talking case of hypothyroidism. Frankly, in most cases, the thyroid blood test for hypothyroidism is a waste of blood. Dr. Broda Barnes, author of the book, Hypothyroidism, the Unsuspected Illness, estimated that over 40 percent of the adult population was subclinically hypothyroid (i.e., normal blood tests, but overt signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism that respond dramatically to thyroid replacement therapy). I think Dr. Barnes was conservative.

Please read my article about hypothyroidism on VRP's website. If you find that you are “reading about yourself,” you are most likely hypothyroid (you've given me enough information already). I'll bet you've got cold hands and feet, and probably wear socks to bed.

If so, go to the website for the American College for Advancement in Medicine (www.acam.org). Most ACAM members are familiar with Dr. Barnes' work, and will probably prescribe natural thyroid for you.

Dietary supplements to boost thyroid function work marginally, at best. Thyroid hormone is safe, natural, effective—and cheap.

Ward Dean, MD

Osteoporosis and Xylitol

Dear Dr. Dean, I’m a 58-year-old woman, diagnosed with osteopenia (hips) and osteoporosis (spine).

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Now my doctor wants me to take Actonel.

I walk several times per week and lift weights. I can’t tolerate DHEA or progesterone cream — within days I get acne. I currently take Advanced Essential Minerals, Ipriflavone, and Black Cohosh. What else can I do naturally? I’m thinking of Xylitol, and would like to know how much to take.

Ms. R.

Dear Ms. R., The researchers who conducted the original research to confirm the bone density-maintaining properties of Xylitol have calculated a human dose of forty grams of Xylitol per day, based on their animal studies.

Additionally, the mineral strontium now appears to have anti-osteoporosis properties. Strontium will soon be incorporated as a key ingredient in Essential Minerals, Advanced Essential Minerals, and Osteoflavone Complex. This will be a significant enhancement of these formulas.

Ward Dean, MD

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Nutrition Review

Green Tea Extract Suppresses H. Pylori

Green tea polyphenols (GTP) have previously been found to prevent heart disease, lower cholesterol, fight bacteria, reduce dental cavities, and control obesity. Epigallocatchin-3-gallate (EGCG), one of the most active polyphenols in green tea, has also been associated with reduced risks of breast, pancreatic, colon, esophageal and lung cancers in humans. A new study now indicates that green tea extract suppresses an enzyme necessary for colonization of H. pylori, a bacterium implicated in ulcers, gastritis and stomach cancer.

An enzyme known as Helicobacter pylori urease is essential for colonization of H. pylori. Consequently, researchers focused attention on foodstuffs that inhibit the activity of this enzyme. Among plant-derived-foods, some tea and rosemary extracts were found to clearly inhibit H. pylori urease in vitro. Green tea extract showed the strongest inhibition of H. pylori urease. Researchers identified the catechins found in green tea to be one of the components responsible for the antibacterial action.

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In addition to the in vitro study, after inoculating gerbils with H. pylori the researchers treated the animals with green tea extract for 6 weeks. In the treated animals, gastritis and the prevalence of H. pylori were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. The researchers concluded, “Since the acquisition by H. pylori of resistance to antibiotics has become a serious problem, tea and tea catechins may be very safe resources to control H. pylori-associated gastroduodenal diseases."

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Oct 24;310(3):715-9.

Ginger Extract Shown to Slow Colorectal Cancer

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is credited with therapeutic and preventive health benefits, including anti-cancer activity. Now researchers from the University of Minnesota report that ginger extract can inhibit the growth of human colorectal cancer cells. In their presentation at the Oct. 28, Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research meeting in Phoenix, researchers reported that ginger significantly slows growth of cancer in athymic mice—mice bred without an immune system so experimental tumors can grow without interference.

The researchers injected 20 athymic mice with human colorectal tumor cells, then fed them gingerol—the active component in ginger—3 times a week. Twenty control mice were treated identically, except their food contained no gingerol.

After 15 days only four tumors were present in the ginger-treated mice, versus 13 tumors in the control mice. Tumors in the control mice were also significantly larger in the untreated animals. By the 49th day all 20 control mice had developed tumors greater than one cubic centimeter, versus only 12 of the ginger treated mice. Preliminary results also suggested that tumors in the control mice had spread, or metastasized, more than tumors in the ginger mice.

The researchers state that since the mice were not allowed to survive with tumors larger than one cubic centimeter, “it’s difficult to know if the ginger-treated mice would have lived longer if left to die of their tumors, but it looks that way."

Proc Frontiers in Cancer Prevention www.aacr.org/2003prevention.asp.

Fish Oil Helps Mend Muscle Loss in Cancer Patients

Fish oil supplements may help prevent the drastic weight loss and wasting associated with advanced cancer, according to a new study published in the British journal, Gut. Cachexia, a wasting condition caused by changes in metabolism and loss of appetite, is a major factor in the illness and death of patients with advanced cancer.

In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial researchers from the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in Scotland recruited 200 pancreatic cancer patients who had each lost about 17 per cent of their body weight and were continuing to lose an average of 7 pounds each month. Half the patients received an energy-dense, protein supplement

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enriched with omega-3 fatty acids for eight weeks, while a control group received an identical supplement without the fish oil.

After eight weeks of taking the supplements, weight loss was halted in both groups. However, the fish oil patients demonstrated significant correlations between supplement intake and weight gains that were not seen in the control group. Patients receiving the omega-3 fatty acids gained more muscle in the trial than control patients. They also note that the patients taking fish oil said they saw a significantly improved quality of life compared to the control group. The new findings show that fish oil supplements may offer help in the treatment of cachexia.

“Analysis suggests that if taken in sufficient quantity, only the omega-3 fatty acid enriched energy and protein dense supplement results in net gain of weight, lean tissue, and improved quality of life,” concluded the researchers.

Gut 2003; 52 :1479-1486.

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The information in this article is not intended to provide personal medical advice, which should be obtained from a medical professional, and has not been approved by the U.S. FDA. Copyright 2003 by Vitamin Research Products, Inc. (VRP) The use of information found in Vitamin Research News for commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission from VRP.

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