VITAMIN A DEFICIENCIES

Hassan Raza

BS Food Science and Technology

Govt. College University,

Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

OUTLINES 1

o Introductiono Historyo Sourceso Deficiencyo Prevalenceo Causeso Managemento Conclusiono References

INTRODUCTION 2

o Group of unsaturated organic compoundo Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, carotenoids, beta caroteneo Multiple function

Tanumihardjo SA (2011).

HISTORY 3

o 1816 by Magendieo 1912 by Frederick Gowland Hopkinso 1917 by Elmer McCollum, Lafayette Mendel, Thomas

Burr Osborneo 1920 name given vitamin A

.Semba RD (2012).

4

o 1919, Herry Steenbocko 1931 Paul Karrero 1947  David Adriaan van Dorp and Jozef Ferdinand

Arens

.

Wolf, George (2001)

SOURCES 5

o Milk & milk producto Vegetableso Naturally occurringo Meat

SOURCES 7

source Amount provided

carrot 835 μg/100g

Cod liver oil 30000 μg/100g

Beef, fish liver 6500 μg/100g

Sweet potatoes 961 μg/100g

8

Butter 684 μg

Spinach 469 μg/100g

Milk 28 μg/100g

Egg 140 μg/100g

Mango 38 μg/100g

apricot 96 μg/100g

www.nal.usda.gov

DEFICIENCY 9

o Poor countrieso Rare in developed countrieso Nyctalopiao Xerophthalmiao Keratomalaciao Complete blindnesso Birth defectso High infection rate

NYCTALOPIA 10

o Greek wordo Difficulty or impossibility to see in low lighto Insufficient adaptation

Quesnel, NM; Lovasik, JV; Ferremi, C; Boileau, M; Ieraci, C (Jun 2004).

XEROPHTHALMIA 11

o Greek word o Dry eyeso Lack of tearso Retinoic acid

Solans, R.; Bosch, J.A.; Galofre, P.; others (2001)

KERATOMALACIA 12

o Epithelial surfaceo Un known metabolismo Loss of goblet cells

Schwartz, Robert (2013).

PREVALENCE 13

o One third under five years o 670,000 children annuallyo 250,000-500,000 developing countrieso Southeast Asiao Africa

National Institute of Health. 2008.

CAUSES 14

o Iron deficiencyo Malnutritiono Alcohol consumptiono Liver toxicityo Hyper urination

http://www.vitaminsall.com

LABORATORY TEST 15

o Serum vitamin A testo Normal range 20-43 μg/dlo Corneal culture

MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT 16

o Animal productso Yellow orange and dark green vegetableso Fortificationo Supplementso I.M or I.V solution

CONCLUSION 17

o Vitamin A is important for number of vital body functions

o Low in take or life style may cause deficiencyo Sever deficiency can cause high mortality rate o Can be mange by the use of vitamin A rich diet

REFERENCES 18

o Tanumihardjo SA (2011). "Vitamin A: biomarkers of nutrition for development". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 

o Semba RD (2012). "On the 'Disco very' of Vitamin A". Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism

o Wolf, George (2001). "Discovery of Vitamin A". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences.

o http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/searcho Quesnel, NM; Lovasik, JV; Ferremi, C; Boileau, M; Ieraci, C (Jun 2004).

"Laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and the contrast sensitivity function.". Journal of cataract and refractive surgery

o Solans, R.; Bosch, J.A.; Galofre, P.; others (2001), Salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction (sicca syndrome) after radioiodine therapy., Journal of Nuclear Medicine

19

o Schwartz, Robert. "Dermatologic manifestations of Vitamin A deficiency". Medscape. Retrieved 13 June 2013

o Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin A". National Institute of Health. Retrieved 8 April 2008

o http://www.vitaminsall.com