visual principles instructional media and technologies for learning chapter 5 presented by linda...
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Visual Principles
Instructional Media and Technologies for LearningChapter 5
Presented by Linda Nash
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Roles of Visual Instruction
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Visuals provide a referent for ideas
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Visuals are iconic
Abacus
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Visuals motivate learners by attracting their attention.
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Visual Literacy
The learned ability to interpret and to create visual messages, can be developed in two major ways.
Input strategies, or decoding Output strategies, or encoding
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Input strategies, or decoding
Developmental effects
Cultural effects Visual
preferences
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Output strategies, or encoding
Creating visuals
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Goals of Visual Design
Ensure legibility Reduce Effort Increase Active Engagement Focus Attention
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Graphics: help or hurt?
Hoffman, Bob. “Using Graphics and Animation in Instruction”, Encyclopedia Of Instructional Technology, http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/typecontrasts/index.htm
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Processes of Visual Design
•Visual elements
•Verbal elements
•Elements that add texture and appeal
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Visual Elements
•Realistic
•Analogic
•Organizational
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Realistic visual elements
Realistic is not always better
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Analogic visual elements
Comparing the unknown to the known
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Organizational Elements
Flowcharts Graphs Maps
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Verbal Elements
Letter Style
Sans serif typeface, such as Helvetica, is well suited to projected visuals.
A serifed typeface, such as Palatino, is recommended for printed text.
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Some rules for lettering
Limit variations, such as Bold, italic, underline,
size, and typeface, to 4 CAPITALS- USE ONLY WHERE NORMALLY
REQUIRED Color of lettering should contrast with the
background Color of lettering should contrast with the
background
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More lettering rules
Size- ½ inch to 10 feet Spacing between letters- optical method Spacing between lines
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Elements that Add Appeal
Surprise Texture Interaction
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Pattern
Alignment Shape Balance Style Color Scheme Color Appeal
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Alignment
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Shape
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Letter shape
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Balance
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Rule of Thirds
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Rule ofThirds
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Rule of Thirds-2
“Panache" - courtesy of Karen Bryan
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Rule of Thirds - 3 With grid
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Color Scheme
Use the color wheel to determine harmonious color schemes
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Color Appeal
Consider the audience and the subject. Children prefer warm colors (red, pink,
orange, yellow) Adults prefer cool, more subtle color
combinations (blue, green violet) Be aware of cultural differences
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Arrangement
Proximity Directionals Figure-Ground Contrast Consistency
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Arrangement- No proximity
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Arrangement with proximity
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Directionals
Bullets
Arrows
Bold type
Bright colors
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Figure-Ground Contrast
Light on dark or dark on light is the rule
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Legibility
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Consistency
As viewers go through a series of images, they attempt to form a set of rules about where information will appear.
Consistency allows the viewer to use less energy determining these rules, and more energy concentrating on your message.
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Visual Planning Tools
Storyboard Types of Letters Drawing, Sketching, Cartooning
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Digital Images
Digital Cameras Scanners PowerPoint Desktop Publishing
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Sum it Up
Assemble the elements Choose the background Arrange elements Check and Revise
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Citations
Heinrich,Robert, Molenda, Michael, Russell, James D., and Smaldino, Sharon. Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill-Prentice-Hall, 2002.
Hoffman, Bob. (c1994-2003) The Encyclopedia of Educational Technology. Retrieved September 9, 2003, from http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/typecontrasts/index.htm
Kraemer, James. (1999). 2safeschools Retrieved September 7, 2003, from http://www.geocities.com/yellowtincan/ytc.htm
Kristi@Cartoon Cottage. (c1998-2003) Cartoon Cottage Retrieved September 8, 2003, from http://cartooncottage.com/