virtualization technical briefing package -summary

8/7/2019 Virtualization Technical Briefing Package -Summary

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1DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION PURPOSES ONLY

Commonwealth of MassachusettsStatewide Strategic IT Consolidation (ITC) Initiative

CDC Infrastructure Virtualizationand Shared Services

Technical Briefing Presentation

CDC Strategic IT Consolidation (ITC) Initiative

15-Nov-10 by Thanurath Liamnark Contact Us : [email protected]




Agenda

• Key Findings & Benefits

• Virtualization Overview

• VM Architecture

• VM Comparison

• VM Cost

• Recommendation

• Reference




Key Findings

Shared Services presents multiple benefits to the VM:

Cost Reduction and Avoidance through shared infrastructure, labor, and licensing

Green IT and the efficient use of power, cooling, and resources

Increased Agility and the ability to implement new services and applications quicker

Increased Availability through the use of a world-class tier-1 datacenter architecture

Reduced Administration time through a centralized model of support and access

Better Capacity Management and scalability through a larger pool of datacenter resources




1. You can run one or more applications that are not supported by the Host O/S2. Better security and isolation, since malfunctions or malware infection of a guest O/S

does not affect the others3. Peace of cake creation of test environments4. Easy cloning of virtual machines on the same physical hardware or across servers5. Snapshot technique which enables you to revert back to a specific point in time.

Especially useful in case of configuration changes and service pack and patchesmalfunctions.

6. Excellent recovery scenarios if you backup in VM level. Since VMs are abstracted

from hardware you can easily move/restore them to new physicals servers withoutcomplications

7. Better utilize hardware resources. VM management software allows you to configurehardware to virtual resource partitioning and utilization. For example you can setspecific CPU thresholds, memory allocation, disk space allocation, I/O structures, etc.Also you can let the virtual machine monitor to decide the resources allocation

according to utilization.8. Reduce physical space consumption and reduce hardware costs. You have fewerservers to buy.

9. Benefit from the licensing models many O/S vendors as Microsoft are providing. Forexample, if you buy Windows 2008 ENT edition you get licenses for 4 virtualmachines.

Benefits of virtualization


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Our Infrastructure Virtualization Maturity Model (IVMM), which covers servephased approach to integrating and aligning IT services to business require

customers move up through the model.

INFRASTRUCTURE VIRTUALISATION MATURITY MODEL



A Brief History of Server Virtualization



Types of Virtualization



Comparison of virtualization methods

1. Binary Translation2. Hardware Assisted3. Paravirtualization



Binary Translation

In binary translation the virtualization layer sits at CPU privilege level 0 (mostprivileged). The Guest O/S system were supposed to run on level 0, but sincevirtual layer occupies that level, it moves guest O/S execution at privilege level 1and leaves user applications at level 3 as it supposed to be. The non-virtualizable kernel code of the guest O/S is translated by virtual layer into newsequences of instructions that have the intended effect on virtual hardware, whileuser level code is directly executed on the CPU for high performance. The

benefit of this approach is that the O/S is fully abstracted from the underlyinghardware thus it doesn’t require any modification.



Hardware Assisted

In hardware assisted virtualization the virtual layer sits in a new root modeprivilege level under level 0. Guest O/S privileged and sensitive calls are set toauto trap to the hypervisor while user request are executed directly to the CPU forhigh performance. Hardware assisted virtualization requires a compatible CPUlike intel VT-x and AMD’s AMD-V to work. This technique is not performing asexpected because of the high overhead between guest O/S-to-hypervisortransition. On the other side hardware assisted virtualization is the future and we

are expecting to see improved performance in next generation releases. At thismoment this technique is utilized in specific cases by vendors like VMware suchas for 64-bit guest support on Intel Processors. O/S is still fully abstracted fromthe underlying hardware thus it doesn’t require any modification.



Paravirtualization

In paravirtualization the Guest O/S kernel is modified to provide a special APIthat can be used by the virtual layer to translate non-virtualizable instructionswith hypercalls. Virtualization layer interacts directly with guest O/S thus its lowervirtualization overhead and better performance, though it can vary depending onthe workload. Since paravirtualization requires kernel modification it is not suitedfor O/S like MS windows which kernel cannot be modified. Also in productionenvironments deep kernel modification is a matter of question since it introduces

significant support and maintability issues.Paravirtualization is used in many cases by vendors in conjunction with binary orhardware assisted technique to provide better performance. Example of this areVMtools which are a set of drivers and tools that allow virtual layer to interactwith Guest O/S for better performance and manageability but not in the CPUlevel.



Comparison Structure of virtualization methods



BinaryTranslation

HardwareAssisted

Paravirtualization

Guest O/Smodification

Unmodified Unmodified Modified

Compatibility Excellent Excellent Poor

Performance Good Fair (will beimproved in nextgenerations)

Good

Vendors Vmware ,Microsoft,Parallels

Vmware,Microsoft,Parallels, Xen

Vmware, Xen

Comparison Performance of virtualization methods



Microsoft Hyper-V architecture



VMware architecture



Citrix XenSrver architecture



Name VMware ESX Server Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 Xen Server

Creator VMware Microsoft Xensource

Host CPU x86, x86-64

x64 + hardware-assisted

virtualization (Intel VT-x or

AMD-V)

x86, x86-64, IA-64

Guest CPU x86, x86-64x64, x86 (up to 8 physical

CPUs) (Same as host, up to 128physical CPUs)

Host OS(s) no host OS

Windows 2008 w/Hyper-V

Role, Windows Hyper-V

Server

NetBSD, Linux, Solaris

Guest OS(s)

Windows, Linux, Solaris,

FreeBSD, OSx86 (asFreeBSD), Virtual appliances,

Netware, OS/2, SCO, BeOS,

Darwin, others: runs Arbitrary

OS[3]

Windows, Linux (SUSE 10

released, more announced)

FreeBSD, NetBSD, Linux,

Solaris, Windows XP &2003 Server (needs vers.3.0 and an Intel VT-x(Vanderpool) or AMD-V(Pacifica)-capable CPU),Plan 9

License proprietary proprietary GPL

General Comparison

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_machines




Guest OS SMP available? Yes (Add-on) (up to 8 way) Yes (up to 4 vcpus per VM)Yes (v4.0.0: up to 128 vcpus per

VM)

Runs arbitrary OS? Yes Yes Yes

Supported guest OS

drivers?Yes Yes

Not required with the exceptionof the networking drivers wherea NAT is required. A modifiedguest kernel or special hardwarelevel abstraction is required forguest OSs.

Method of operation Virtualization VirtualizationParavirtualization and Porting orHardware Virtualization

Typical use

Enterprise Server Consolidation,

Business Continuity, Dev/Test,

Cloud Computing

Enterprise Server Consolidation,

Business Continuity, Dev/TestServer/Desktop Consolidation,Dev/Test

Speed relative to Host OS Up to near native[citation needed] Near native

Up to near native[15] speed.Substantial performance loss on

some workload (network anddisk intensive especially)[citation

needed]

Commercial support

available?Yes Yes Yes

Needs administrative rights? Needs Needs Needs

Feature Comparison





Can boot an OS on

another disk partitionas guest

Yes NA Yes

USBYes

No NA

GUIYes

YesYes

Live memory

allocation

YesNo

Yes

3D accelerationYes

No Supported with VMGL

Snapshots per VM Yes Yes Yes

Snapshot of running

system

YesYes

Yes

Live migration Yes Yes Yes

Others Feature Comparison

x

x

x

VMGL (formerly Xen-GL) allows virtual machines to run OpenGL applications.

?

?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenGL

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenGL



Gartner Magic Quadrant for X86 Virtualization




Reasons to choose




What should be factored in acquisition cost?

Management

Licenses for

Virtual machines

operating system

Licenses for

virtualization

software

Virtualizationsoftware

Managementsoftware

Management

servers and otherinfrastructure cost

Databasessoftware andservers

Hardware VM Guest OS Management

Servers

Networking

Storage

Electricity

Datacenter space




Summary : Standard Basic Comparison

Zero VM Downtime Host Patching

Dynamic Load Balancing

Dynamic Power Management

Basic Single Server Partitioning

Host patching hasVM downtimex

Only initial VMplacementx

No cluster-level

power mgmtx

2nd gen Microsoft

Hyper-V

VI4 Enterprise

VI4 Enterprise

VI4 Enterprise

VMware ESX /

ESXi 4.1

Live VM Migration (server to serer)Quick Migrationnot live, migratesall VMs on a LUN

xVI4 Enterprise

Live VM Migration (disk to disk) Not availablex VI4 Enterprise

Memory Overcommit(higher VM density per host) xVMware ESX /

ESXi 4.1

Ultra-thin virtualization footprint(better reliability, security)

Over 3GB withServer Core

xVMware ESXi4.1 only 70 MB

Patching of Offline VMs No out-of-boxsupport in SCCMxUpdate

Manager

Not available

Clustered FS (enables VM restart &migration indpnt of LUN mapping) x VMFS NTFS

High Availability(failover individual VMs) VI4 HA

MSCS, but mustfailover all VMson a LUN

XenServerEnterprise

XenServer

Enterprise

XenServer

Enterprise

XenServerEnterprise

XenServerEnterprise

XenServer

required 1.8GB Diskspace

No UpdateManager

Via StorageASM

Xen HA

XenServer 5.6

x

x




Feature VMware VI Enterprise Hyper-V 2008 R2 /SMSE

Bare-metal hypervisor ESX/ESXi Hyper-V XenServer

Centralized hypervisor

managementVirtual Center SMSE (VMM) XenCenter

VMware and Microsoft

managementNone SMSE (VMM) None

VM backup VCB (proxy only) SMSE (DPM) Snapshot and Revert

VM High availability/failover Virtual Center WS08 ClusteringYes

VM Live migration VMotion NoneXenMotion® livemigration

Storage VMotion Yes Not yet Yes

Guest OS

patching/managementYes SMSE (SCCM) Yes

End-to-end OS monitoring None SMSE (Ops Mgr) None

Host/VM level optimization DRS SMSE (PRO)

Application/service monitoring

vCenter Application

Discovery

Manager/AppSpeed

SMSE (PRO)

Integrated physical and virtual

managementNone SMSE

x

VMI: VMware Infrastructure WS08: Windows Server 2008 R2

VCB: VMware Consolidated Backup SMSE: System Center Server Mana ement Suite

x

x

x

x

Summary : Others Feature Comparison

x




VMware VS Microsoft Hyper-V




VMware VS Citrix




Cumulative Investment, Savings & ROI

Break event 1.7 Year




Server Consolidation: Cost per VM




To manage 100 VMs, MS System Center

requires at least 5 physical servers

SC Conf MgrManagementServer

SC VM MgrManagementServer

SCVMMclient

SCOMclient

SCCMclient

SC Ops MgrRoot MgmtServer

1st Server 2 nd Server 3 rd Server plus SCVMM Library Server

Note: MS recommends

separate VMM server,VMM Library, and VMM

DB for >20 hosts

Library DB

4 th Server 5 th Server

SCOM

ManagementServer

SCCM DBSCVMM DB SCOM DB +

reporting server

Hyper-V hosts with SMSE licenses

Hyper-VManager client

Source: Microsoft TechNet

Hyper-V Implementation method




VMware Implementation method

vCenterManagement Server

VMwareInfrastructure

Client

vCenter + VUM DB

Managed ESX Hosts

2 nd

Server

1st Server

To manage 100 VM, VMware V-Center requires 2 physical

servers




Recommendation #1




Recommendation #1

Accelerate Virtualization

Physical servers can consistently be reduced by a conservative ratio of 15:1

• Physical Server maintenance costs reduced• Reduction in data center space, power, and cooling• Significant reduction in physical network ports• Increased management centralization reduces support burden onsecretariats to focus on application support

Cost Impact

$2.5M/ month physical server cost can be reduced by $1.5m/month throughvirtualization

Next Steps

• Virtualization-First policy needs to be enacted & enforced at the CEO andCIO levels• Create a migration plan that maximizes the migration and adoption rate toreduce costs as quickly as possible

Recommendation #2




Recommendation #2

Adopt Dynamic Provisioning

Implementing new servers/capacity as needed rather than pre-provisioninga set amount of capacity at the beginning of the year, costs can be reducedsignificantly.

• Defer port and facility charges until needed• Capacity on demand• Capacity planning will drive monthly charge backs

Commonwealth Cost Impact

Next Steps • Virtualization-First policy needs to be enacted & enforced at the CIO andSCIO levels• Create a migration plan that maximizes the migration and adoption rate toreduce costs as quickly as possible

Cost comparison for a 1 yr period

Total Costs for 1 Year Example:- Static: $3,039,805- Dynamic: $2,531,369

SAVINGS: $508,437

Example Details:• 26 Servers Total• 10 Servers Already Running• 140 Virtual Machines to Start• Distributed VM Adoption through 12

months

Recommendation #3




eco e dat o #3

Leverage virtualization for Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery

Virtualization increases the stability, reliability, and recoverability of your

server environment

• “Breaking the chains” hardware, software & processor • Most agency datacenters are not Tier 1• Virtual servers live on highly-redundant shared storage and can “float”

between physical host servers

• Virtual servers can be easily replicated to DR Sites (Springfield 2012) forImpact• Lower Recovery Time ObjectiveCost and Risk Impact • Less DR infrastructure lowers cost and risk• Server downtime for planned hardware maintenance can be reduced to

zero with the use of vMotionNext Steps

• Prioritize the physical server workloads and classify the data and applications • Determine criteria for advanced recovery options based on defined classifications

Recommendation #4




Develop Cloud Readiness Model and Plan

IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS delivered as part of a cloud strategy that employs

virtualization will lower the overall total cost of ownership

• Collect performance and configuration data on all servers• Assess applications for latency effects of moving to internal cloud• Analyze data, build list of virtualization candidates• Define test plan

• Migrate remaining servers per plan

Commonwealth Cost ImpactShared services, standards for provisioning and decommissioning of serverswill simply infrastructure deployment, lower cost and help mitigate risk

Next Steps• Develop Cloud Strategy and high level business case• Develop Cloud Roadmap and implementation plan• Deliver Proof-of-Concept




ITBully.COM “Virtualization, Paravirtualization, whatever you say!?!?” http://itbully.com/articles/virtualization-paravirtualization-whatever-you-say

Wikipedia

Virtualization paper – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization

Comparison of platform virtual machines – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_machines#Other_features

Microsoft Hyper-V paper -

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-V

VMware

VMware Cost-Per-Application Calculator – http://www.vmware.com/technology/whyvmware/calculator/

Comparison of Hypervisors by VMware -

http://www.vmware.com/technology/whyvmware/architectures.html#c132894

Why choose VMware? - http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/vmware_advantage.pdf

VMware vSphere 4.1 Features and Benefits Compared to Microsoft Hyper-V R2, Citrix XenServer5.6 and Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 2.2 KVMhttp://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/vmware-vsphere-features-comparison-ch-en.pdf

References and Further Reading

http://itbully.com/articles/virtualization-paravirtualization-whatever-you-say

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization



http://www.vmware.com/technology/whyvmware/calculator/

http://www.vmware.com/technology/whyvmware/architectures.html

http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/vmware_advantage.pdf


http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/vmware-vsphere-features-comparison-ch-en.pdf
















http://www.vmware.com/technology/whyvmware/calculator/


















Citrix

XenServer features by edition -

http://www.citrix.com/English/ps2/products/subfeature.asp?contentID=2300456

Microsoft

Virtualization with Hyper-V: Supported Guest Operating Systems – http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/hyperv-supported-guest-os.aspx

Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 -http://www.microsoft.com/hyper-v-server/en/us/default.aspx

Gartner

Magic Quadrant for x86 Server Virtualization Infrastructure : Gartner May2010 -http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/cloud/Gartner-VMware-Magic-Quadrant.pdf

Virtualization with VMware or Hyper-V What You Need to Know : Gartner Webinar – http://www.gartner.com/it/content/1184500/1184548/november25_virtualization_tombittman_final.pdf

ITComparison.com

Microsoft Windows 2008 R2 Hyper-V VS VMware vSpherehttp://www.itcomparison.com/Virtualization/VMwareESX4vsMshypervr2/VMwareESX4vWindows2008R2HyperV.h

References and Further Reading


http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/hyperv-supported-guest-os.aspx

http://www.microsoft.com/hyper-v-server/en/us/default.aspx

http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/cloud/Gartner-VMware-Magic-Quadrant.pdf

http://www.gartner.com/it/content/1184500/1184548/november25_virtualization_tombittman_final.pdf

http://www.itcomparison.com/Virtualization/VMwareESX4vsMshypervr2/VMwareESX4vWindows2008R2HyperV.htm













































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