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VIRTUAL BRAZILIAN BILINGUAL BOOK CLUB – EMBASSY OF BRAZIL IN LONDON 2021-Pleasures of Reading Brazilian Literature

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VIRTUAL BRAZILIAN BILINGUAL BOOK CLUB|

SOCORRO ACIOLI | A CABEÇA DO SANTO | THE HEAD OF THE SAINT

2021 Celebrating the Pleasures of Reading Brazilian Literature

#BrazilianLitReadingPleasures

18th MARCH 2021, 18.30-21.00

A Cabeça do Santo (2014)

by SOCORRO ACIOLI (1975-)

translated as

The Head of the Saint (2014)

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Which magical-fantastic events are happening in the huge head

of a saint at the bottom of a hill in a small town in the middle of nowhere in the Northeast of Brazil? Or is it a dellusion?

Whose singing voice reverberates within the head twice a day and puzzles Samuel,

and where will it lead him?

What is the role of Capeverdian mornas in the plot?

An equal dose of appalling vengefulness and unbridled hatred: Why would Samuel’s mother give him the gruesome task of finding and killing his father

and lighting three candles at the foot of the three main saints? Why would a mother want to murder the young daughter of her husband’s lover?

Have fun finding out about the Brazilian north-eastern messianic devotional follies

dedicated to multiple saints: Saint Francis, Padre Cícero, and the top favourite matchmaker Saint Anthony!

Ruthless vengeance, unremitting corruption, ecclesiastical egotism, abject poverty,

daft superstitious, and wicked family feuds bubbling in what ought to be a paradise: between mythical mountain ranges, caatingas, and idyllic beaches

at the northern edge of the Atlantic Forest in Ceará.

You may even find yourself gasping in disbelief at the inane reality which inspired the novel:

an actual headless Saint Anthony’s body standing atop the Serrote Hill, in the Baturité Massif, in the town of Caridade with its head laying some1.8 miles at the bottom of

the hill in the yard of a homestead since1980s!

The Embassy of Brazil hosted Socorro Acioli in the autumn of literary events in 2014 with two events in which she shared the story of

how she wrote The Head of the Saint. (moderated by Nadia K.)

DETAILS OF AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS:

ENGLISH 2014 - The Head of the Saint translated by Daniel Hahn (1973-) published by Hot Key Books ISBN-10: 9781471402906 ISBN-13: 978-1471402906 Reprinted in 2016: by Delacorte Press ISBN-10: 055353792X ISBN-13: 978-0553537925 ASIN 1471402908 PORTUGUESE 2014- A Cabeça de Santo published by Companhia das Letras ISBN: 9788535923698 E-book in various formats (Google Play, Apple, Kobo) e.g. ASIN : B00IAXYE10

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Free download A Cabeca do Santo - Socorro Acioli.pdf

SHORT HISTORY OF THE BOOK AND TRANSLATION

A Cabeça do Santo is the first and only adult novel by Socorro Acioli. However, it has often been labelled as teen or young adult literature. It was published by Hot Key Books UK as a Young Adult novel. Hot Key Books are part of the Bonnier Group, a privately held Swedish media group of 175 companies operating in 15 countries, controlled by the Bonnier family.

Others categorise it as crossover literature, a borderline between teen and adult

literature. The Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling (1955-) CH, OBE, HonFRSE, FRCPE, FRSL re-enlivened the ancient practice of writing narratives in this manner from mid-1990s.

Socorro Acioli insists that her novel is not magical realism, saying that although some

of the facts are real, the novel is fictional. The idea to write it was inspired by a real episode in one of the towns, some sixty miles from the capital of the state of Ceará, Fortaleza.

The not-so-secret real history of this novel is so far-fetched that one could imagine it

was a fanciful invention. However, it is not. The name of the town where the crumbling body of Saint Anthony stands on the top of the Serrote Hill (Morro do Serrote) of the Baturité Massif in the state of Ceará is Caridade (Charity). Administratively, Caridade is under the management of the municipality or microregion of Canindé. Caridade is located within a fertile pilgrim area dating back to the nineteenth century, which has long attracted religious tourism. It is near the town of Juazeiro do Norte which brings devotees of Padre Cícero in troves and the town of Canindé attracting devotees of Saint Francis.

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In the early 1980s, the mayor of Caridade, Raul Linhares Teixeira, thought his town

could benefit from religious tourism. The sculptor Francisco Barbosa de Oliveira, known as Franzé D'Aurora (1952- ) was commissioned to create a statue dedicated to the most celebrated saint in the northeast and throughout Brazil – Saint Anthony of Pádua, who is the patron saint of the town.

Saint Anthony is known as the ‘Santo Casamenteiro’, that is, the

Matchmaking/Wedding-Maker Saint and girls who wish to find a husband pursue numerous devotional practices. The Saint day is celebrated on 13th June. The folklore associated with St. Anthony is vast both is the northeast and throughout Brazil. One example of such practices is for the girl seeking a husband is to put an effigy of the saint head down in a water container telling the Saint that the effigy will be released only when a husband is found. No doubt an odd way of pleading with a saint, and displaying a good dose of folk coercion.

The story goes that money ran out (or worse). The mayor of Caridade abandoned his

money-making scheme. The town came to be known for its unfinished folly, and Saint Anthony derided for making it accursed. Numerous articles have appeared in the local Ceará and national printed press and media since that episode. Bizarrely, part of the head (empty shell) is in a yard and the other half in the middle of the street. There are numerous videos showing the location, and photos from the national motorway BR 020 which runs through the area.

Socorro Acioli has also worked as a journalist. She was aware of that episode of the headless statue. In an interview on 11th November 2016, she mentioned how she referred to her annotations about ideas for books, in which she had inserted a cut-out of story in Caridade. (see www.somosvos.com.br/te-convido-a-reconhecer-socorro-acioli )

At the time around 2006, she wanted to live off fiction writing and sought possible

courses to learn the necessary skills. She found out about the free five-day screenwriting course offered by the Colombian author Gabriel García Márquez (1927-2014), the winner

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of the 1982 Nobel Prize. The newspaper cut-out was about how revolted the Caridade residents were that the head of the saint had become a public nuisance turned into a toilet, a den for sex and drugs, and that someone was even living in it. She used it to prepare a half-page proposal to be accepted at a writing workshop for beginners.

Much spin about her first novel has focused on the fact that she made various attempts

to be included in the ‘How to tell a tale’ workshop, conducted by Gabriel García Márquez, at the San Antonio de Los Banõs International Film and Television School in Cuba. Socorro Acioli was included in the 2006 workshop, after Gabriel García Márquez read her application and proposal to write about The Head of the Saint.

Once she made the initial presentation, the Gabriel García Márquez thought that she

had made up the story and accepted to mentor her. She even brought a recording she had made about the episode, which had to be converted and they found a DVD player to view it the following day. Gabriel García Márquez could hardly believe what he saw, and we can imagine how he felt. Socorro Acioli’s comment on that was:

‘O homem escreveu “Cem anos de solidão” e não acredita no nosso Santo Antônio! Aí, nesse dia eu tava mais relax e disse: “olhe, de onde eu venho, tem muito mais!’ The man wrote One Hundred Years of Solitude and does not believe in our Saint Anthony! Then on that day I was more chilled, and told him, ‘Look, the place I come from, has much more (of it)!’. (N.K.)

Source: Socorro Acioli’s private collection.

The novel was published in 2014, showing that Socorro Acioli laboured on it for quite

a while after the workshop. Certainly, the quotations in each of the four parts of the novel are a covert clue regarding the other influences on this short novel. The Gabriel García Márquez workshop participants have been bound by a requirement to mention it in any work resulting from their attendance, hence the extended laudation. The theme of solitude in her novel seems to echo a bit of her mentor’s main work.

The novel is dedicated to her mentor Gabriel García Márquez, and María Julia Tadeo,

and Alquimia Peña. It contains four parts and thirty unnumbered chapters. Each part carries an epigraph:

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Part 1 (Chapters 1 to 11) is a quotation from the novel Pedro Páramo (1955) by the Mexican writer Juan Rulfo (the pen name of Juan Nepomuceno Carlos Pérez Rulfo Vizcaíno, 1917-1986):

Traigo los ojos con que ella miró estas cosas, porque me dio sus ojos para ver.

Part 2 (Chapters 12 to 19) is a quotation from O Vendedor de Passados (2004) by José Eduardo Agualusa (1960-), an Angolan writer of Portuguese and Brazilian descent:

Se soubesses as coisas em que acredito, olharias para mim como se eu fosse, sozinha, um grande circo de monstros.

Part 3 (Chapters 20 to 25) carries the following extract from Avó Dezanove e o Segredo do Soviético (2008) by the Angolan writer Ndalu de Almeida (1977-), who uses the pen name Ondjaki:

História de antigamente é assim que já foram há muito tempo? — Sim, filho. — Então antigamente é um tempo, avó? — Antigamente é um lugar. — Um lugar assim longe? — Um lugar assim dentro.

And Part 4 (Chapters 26 to 30) contains an excerpt from the 1967 novel Cien Años de Soledad (One Hundred Years of Solitude) by Gabriel García Márquez:

...había necesitado muchos años de sufrimiento y miseria para conquistar los privilegios de la soledad.

The back cover brings an appraisal of the novel by José Eduardo Agualusa: O primeiro romance de Socorro Accioli é uma festa, um divertido exercício de imaginação, partindo de uma ideia que parece roubada aos melhores sonhos de Gabriel García Márquez e desenvolvendo-a até ao final com elegância e mestria. The first novel by Socorro Acioli is a revel, a fun exercise in imagination, ensuing from an idea which seems to have been purloined from the best dreams of Gabriel García Márquez, accomplished elegantly and masterly. (Transl. N.K.)

Socorro Acioli also adopts a bit of the form of the Brazilian north-eastern manner of oral storytelling, and particularly of the sung poetry found in the Cordel Literature. The Cordel literature is a vibrant Brazilian tradition. It consists of oral sung poetry narrating all sort of odd events and tall tales, similarly to European ballads, usually told with great humour, wit, brevity, and verbal dexterity. Texts are written down and published in low cost illustrated chapbooks. They contain a profusion of narratives on the saints including the much-loved Saint Anthony. The humour contained in the novel certainly borrows from the vast Cordel tradition. Another feature borrowed from the Cordel chapbooks is the woodblock printed illustrations in The Head of the Saint.

The novel contains themes related to religious tourism/pilgrimage promoted by the Catholic Church in Ceará and, indeed, throughout Brazil (currently a huge commercial

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enterprise in Aparecida in São Paulo). One of the local Ceará saints is Padre Cícero (1844-1934), who achieved a mythical folk status. Cícero Romão Batista, known as Father Cícero.

Cícero Romão Batista was a landowner, with livestock farms, and various real estates

in the conservative Cariri sertão in Ceará. His right hand was the conservative politician and physician Floro Bartolomeu (1876-1926), who remained under the control of the Accioli family for over two decades. He had apparently recruited Lampião, the nickname of Virgulino Ferreira da Silva (1898-1938), a notorious cangaceiro (cangaceiros were a category of bandits who roamed the Brazilian northeast from eighteenth to mid-twentieth centuries, committing a variety of crimes, often on comission).

As the writer has Acioli as a surname it is relevant to mention the families using it in Brazil. The Brazilian branch of the Accioli family is said to be descended from Gugliarello Acciaioli in the 12th century, a Florentine. The surname is spelled in various forms e.g. Acciaioli, Acciainoli, or Accioly, Accioli, Acioli, and Acyoly. There have been various Aciolis in Ceará from 17th century onwards including powerful politicians and diplomats, some of which were masons as well.

Cícero Romão Batista was ordained a priest on 30th November 1870. After his

ordination he returned to Crato and taught Latin at the Colégio Padre Ibiapina, founded and directed by José Joaquim Teles Marrocos (1842-1910), his cousin and friend. He decided to stay in Juazeiro do Norte because of a dream he had. He was later accused of heresy by Church officials, eventually becoming suspended but not formally excommunicated from the Catholic Church. He has been declared a saint by the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church in 1973. An affectionate name given by locals to him is ‘Padim Cíço’. He created a large following of men and women who served in the administration of his affairs and activities; he also fought excessive drinking and rampart prostitution in the northeast of Brazil and brought the people to his flock.

During his lifetime, Cícero Romão Batista was actively involved in the politics,

similarly to most clergy in Brazil, and was a member of the Conservative Republican Party of Brazil. When Juazeiro do Norte was raised to the status of a municipality in 1911, he became its first mayor and would serve various terms amid typical local controversies. In 1926, he was elected as a federal deputy. His fame as a miracle-maker grew as his political popularity declined.

Padre Cícero in 1924 | Statue of Padre Cícero in Juazeiro do Norte

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There have been attempts to claim that he was in favour of communism. Followers of the Liberation Theology also tried to appropriate him. However, he was deeply anti-communist as attested by an interview he gave in 1931, in which stated,

‘Communism was started by the Devil. Lucifer, is his name, and the dissemination of his doctrine is the war of the Devil against God. I know communism, and I know that it's evil. It's the continuation of the war of the fallen angels against the Creator and His children’. Competing with Saints Anthony and Father Cícero, is the Saint Francis of Assis, locally

known as São Francisco das Chagas in the town of Canindé, a huge statue (31.25m high) by the sculptor Deoclécio Soares Diniz, known as Bibi, a Ceará ‘escultor santeiro’. The statue was inaugurated in 2005. It is taller that the statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro. It has a staircase with 125 steps inside, and place for fifteen people in the viewing platform at the top.

Saint Francis in Canindé, Ceará

Saint worship, art and business, make the northeast a vast source of income for the churches and for the peddling clergy and politicians, a tradition dating back to the colonial administrators of Brazil. Also evident is the legacy of the various religious orders who have been active in Brazil in addition to the Jesuits.

Additionally, Socorro Acioli uses various cinematic devices. One of the chapters is

entitled after the classical film Casablanca (1942), as it is regarded as a model of a perfect plot. The local cinema, radio and church create the backdrop to life in numerous municipalities (towns of varying sizes) in Brazil and the feasts celebrating the saints is the obligatory part of the local calendar and much local merrymaking.

The plot, additionally, features a beautiful singing voice heard by Samuel, the

protagonist of the novel. At times, Samuel cannot understand the lyrics sung by the voice. The tune is sung in the Cape Verdean Creole. The songs are the traditional mornas, which date back to the eighteenth century, and which, in 2018, have been added to the UNESCO: Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Morna is a traditional Cape Verdean musical and choreographic practice with instrumental accompaniment that incorporates voice, music, poetry, and dance. Morna can be either sung or played only with instruments, primarily chordophones, including the guitar, violin, and ukulele. The lyric poetry can be improvised – with

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topics including love, departure, separation, reunion, and the motherland – and is now mainly composed in Cape Verdean Creole. Bearers and practitioners include instrument players, singers, poets and composers, and the practice is performed at key life events such as weddings, christenings, and family reunions. (source: The Cape Verde Ministry of Culture and Creative Industries - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2e0wCkWeoVs ) The Queen of Mornas, Cesária Évora (1941-2011), a Cape Verdean singer-

songwriter, who was given sobriquet of the ‘Barefoot Diva’ is one of the most enticing voices performing mornas. Listen to one of them at Cesaria Evora - Crêtcheu Di Ceu "Morna" - YouTube

There are distressing themes in The Head of the Saint: to start with, the gruesome

death request of Samuel’s mother, and the attempted murder of the child Rosário by Helenice, after another murder, which ends up in the cruel captivity of Madeiusa’s half-sister, the hatred of the grandmother. These themes, of course, albeit fictional and timeless in literary history, raise complicated psychological questions on revenge, retribution, malevolence, and malfeasance in general and may stir mental health issues in certain categories of readers.

The novel was translated in English as The Head of the Saint in the same year of publication by Daniel Hahn OBE (1973-) and published by Hot Key Books in London. This translation was published with the financial support of the Ministry of Culture of Brazil and the National Library Foundation (FBN). The book is illustrated by the British artist Alexis Snell.

Daniel Hahn wrote various works of non-fiction, including the history book The

Tower Menagerie, and one of the editors of The Ultimate Book Guide, a series of reading guides for children and teenagers, The Oxford Guide to Literary Britain and Ireland (a reference book), brief biographies of the poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Percy Bysshe

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Shelley, and a new edition of the Oxford Companion to Children's Literature. He is a translator with various publications. See https://www.danielhahn.co.uk/translation.html

Hayfestival-2016-Daniel-Hahn.jpg | Alexis Snell artist with The Monkey Puzzle Tree

Only two of the original epigraphs appear in the translation, appearing before part one breaking with the structure of the original: the quotation from José Eduardo Agualusa and Ondjaki. The original dedication appears in the translation.

The translation of Socorro Acioli’s The Head of the Saint contains some significant variations in comparison with the content of the original. Sections of the original have been extirpated or modified, and additional passages were added in the translation (e.g. last paragraph on page 94, last line on page107). A common practice among many translators can be seen in this translation with dialogues and paragraphs joined up creating a different effect in terms of the original orality and style of the narrative. The chapters were translated as follows:

1 Caminho Charity 2 Candeia Candeia Part 3 3 Café Café 20 Cachaça Cachaça 4 Casa Clouds 21 Cristo Redentor Christ the Redeemer 5 Cachorro Canines 22 Chico Coveiro Chico the Gravedigger 6 Cabeça Cave 23 Cabo Verde Cape Verde 7 Carvão Coal 24 Cativeiro Captivity 8 Cícero Cicero 25 Cadeia Cell 9 Conversa Conversation Part 4 10 Consulta Consultation 26 Conselho Counsel 11 Casamento Church 27 Corpo Confrontation Part 2 28 Contas Cadaver 12 Comércio Commerce 29 Canindé Canindé 13 Cobiça Community 30 Coragem Courage 14 Caxias do Sul Caxias do Sul 15 Casablanca Casablanca 16 Cordel Cordel 17 Cuidado Caution 18 Canção Chant 19 Capuz Cloak

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The illustrations in The Head of the Saint by Alexis Snell show a clear influence of the Brazilian original illustrations based on Cordel literature.

The novel was also translated in French as Sainte Caboche translated by Régis de Sá Moreira and illustrated by Alexis Snell, published Belleville Éditions in 2017.

SHORT BIOGRAPHY

SOCORRO ACIOLI (24th February 1975-)

Socorro Acioli was born in Fortaleza on 24th February in 1975. She describes herself as a journalist and writer. She also translates foreign books into Portuguese as most Brazilian writers do. She holds an MA in Brazilian Literature and a PhD in Brazilian Studies from the Federal Fluminense University, in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro.

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From 2001, she wrote short biographies including on Monteiro Lobato’s ragdoll character Emília and various children’s books. She was a guest researcher at the International Youth Library, Internationale Jugendbibliothek (IJB) in Munich in 2007. She is a regular speaker at various events and book fairs.

In October 2014, a workshop on writing children’s literature and a session on The Head of the Saint were held at the Embassy of Brazil in London. She also attended the Flipside literary festival in Suffolk that year. She has organized literary events and short courses in Brazil since then. More recently she spoke at the Paris Salon and participated remotely in the Frankfurt Book Fair as well as other events.

Socorro Acioli has been commissioned to write several stories. She also lists her first publication when she was a child illustrated by herself O pipoqueiro João (1984). She works with book illustrators for her series of children’s books.

There are scant details about her life in the various sites including her own. She has two children.

Main works: O pipoqueiro João (1984), Frei Tito (2001), Rachel de Queiroz (2003), Bia que tanto lia ( 2004), É pra ler ou pra comer? (2005), A casa dos Benjamins ( 2005), O peixinho de Pedra (2006), O anjo do lago (2006), O mistério da professora Julieta (2008), Tempo de Caju (2008), A Rendeira Borralheira ( 2009), A quarta-feira de Jonas (2010), Vende-se uma família (2007), A Bailarina Fantasma ( 2010), Inventário de Segredos ( 2010), A Cabeça de Santo (2014).

Translations into Portuguese: As lágrimas de Shiva (2010), Inspetor Zinho – A múmia desaparecida (2011),

Inspetor Zinho – O visitante noturno (2011), Inspetor Zinho – Um ajudante de muita ajuda (2011), Inspetor Zinho – Um dia na corrida de cavalos (2011), Amadeo Bola e o mistério do selo milionário (2011), Amadeo Bola e o diamante galáctico ( 2011), Amadeo Bola e o mistério do Goya roubado ( 2011), Amadeo Bola e o mistério do jogador de futebol sequestrado (2011), O sonho do ursinho rosa ( 2011)

Additional references and sources:

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➢ Website: Autora | Socorro Acioli (wordpress.com)

➢ Represented by Socorro Acioli « Agência Riff (agenciariff.com.br) ➢ An interview in Spanish given to the Radio France Internationale during the Paris

Salon 12 Dec 2018 Entrevista para a rádio France Internacional sobre o livro “A cabeça do santo” « Agência Riff (agenciariff.com.br)

➢ Details about Caridade: Fortaleza em Fotos e Fatos: O Santo sem Cabeça de Caridade - Ceará

➢ An interview in Portuguese with the author and ilustrator Ziraldo, Ziraldo Alves Pinto (1932-) on 21st Jul 2015: Socorro Acioli relembra as obras premiadas que criou ao longo da carreira | ABZ do Ziraldo | TV Brasil | Infantil (ebc.com.br)

➢ About mornas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2e0wCkWeoVs ) Cesária Évora (cesaria-evora.com)

News | Cesária Évora (cesaria-evora.com)

VIRTUAL BRAZILIAN BILINGUAL BOOK CLUB – EMBASSY OF BRAZIL IN LONDON 2021-Pleasures of Reading Brazilian Literature

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HAPPY READING!

2021: #BrazilianLitReadingPleasures

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Creator and Convenor of the ©Virtual Brazilian Bilingual Book Club at the Embassy of Brazil in London