Virginia ApgarVirginia Apgar

Presented by:Presented by:Marie Louise E. FabienMarie Louise E. Fabien

IDS 4920 (U04)IDS 4920 (U04)09/30/0809/30/08

About ApgarAbout Apgar

► She was born June She was born June 77thth, 1909 in , 1909 in Westfield, New Westfield, New JerseyJersey

► She was an She was an American physician American physician who specialized in who specialized in Anesthesia and Anesthesia and PediatricsPediatrics

► She is mostly She is mostly known for known for implementing the implementing the “Apgar score”“Apgar score”

What is Apgar score?What is Apgar score?Apgar testApgar test

► It is the test that helps determine the It is the test that helps determine the health of a newborn baby health of a newborn baby

►To better determine this fact, a test To better determine this fact, a test is conducted on five criteria is conducted on five criteria summarized in the name of Apgarsummarized in the name of Apgar

►Dr. Virginia’s last name Apgar is used Dr. Virginia’s last name Apgar is used as a mnemonic learning aid and as a mnemonic learning aid and stands as an acronym for stands as an acronym for

Acronym SignificanceAcronym Significance►AAppearance Skin color ppearance Skin color

►PPulse Heart rateulse Heart rate

►GGrimace reflex irritabilityrimace reflex irritability

►AActivity muscle tonectivity muscle tone

►RRespirationespiration

Origin and PurposeOrigin and Purpose► It was implemented in 1952 by Dr. It was implemented in 1952 by Dr.

Virginia Apgar as a simple and Virginia Apgar as a simple and repeatable method of usagerepeatable method of usage

► It helps assess quickly and summarily It helps assess quickly and summarily the health of newborn children the health of newborn children immediately after birth (1-5mns)immediately after birth (1-5mns)

►The test is conducted in a scale of The test is conducted in a scale of zero to 2 summing up the 5 main zero to 2 summing up the 5 main criteria criteria

►The resulting scores are ranged from 0 The resulting scores are ranged from 0 to 10to 10

Chart and score Chart and score InterpretationsInterpretations

http://en.wikipedia.ohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apgar_scorerg/wiki/Apgar_score

► Scores from 3 and Scores from 3 and below are critically below are critically lowlow

► From 4 to 6 are From 4 to 6 are fairly lowfairly low

► 7 to 10 normal7 to 10 normal

Test on a normal babyTest on a normal baby Jaden Ezra PrevillonJaden Ezra Previllon Born on July 30Born on July 30thth, 2007 , 2007

atat Memorial Hospital with Memorial Hospital with

9 as Apgar score9 as Apgar score► Based on the score, Jaden is Based on the score, Jaden is

a healthy baby a healthy baby ► However, critically low, However, critically low,

fairly low, and normal fairly low, and normal scoring does not predict the scoring does not predict the long term health of a babylong term health of a baby

Test on a premature babyTest on a premature baby Premature babies Premature babies

usually have lower usually have lower Apgar scores than Apgar scores than full term babiesfull term babies

They usually have a They usually have a lower muscle tonelower muscle tone

(activity) (activity)

FactsFacts Virginia Apgar was one of four women to enter Virginia Apgar was one of four women to enter

Colombia University college of physicians & Surgeons Colombia University college of physicians & Surgeons in 1929 after graduating from Mount Holyoke Collegein 1929 after graduating from Mount Holyoke College

Graduated fourth in her class in 1933 MDGraduated fourth in her class in 1933 MD First woman to be a full professor at Columbia First woman to be a full professor at Columbia

University College of P&S in 1949University College of P&S in 1949 In 1959, She obtained a master’s degree in Public In 1959, She obtained a master’s degree in Public

health from John Hopkins health from John Hopkins Apgar died in New York city on august 7Apgar died in New York city on august 7thth, 1974 at the , 1974 at the

tender age of 65tender age of 65 She was never marriedShe was never married In 1995, she was inducted into National Women’s Hall In 1995, she was inducted into National Women’s Hall

of Fameof Fame Until this day her method of determining the health of Until this day her method of determining the health of

a baby born is still used effectively and is named after a baby born is still used effectively and is named after herher

The Virginia Apgar award is given annually by the The Virginia Apgar award is given annually by the academy of Pediatricsacademy of Pediatrics

Interesting remarksInteresting remarks

► The acronym that her last name formed is The acronym that her last name formed is also valuable for three languages (German, also valuable for three languages (German, Spanish, &French)Spanish, &French)

A- Atmung, Aparienca, ApparenceA- Atmung, Aparienca, ApparenceP- Puls, Pulso, PoulsP- Puls, Pulso, PoulsG- Grundtonus, Gesticulacion, Grimace G- Grundtonus, Gesticulacion, Grimace A- Aussehen, Actividad, ActiviteA- Aussehen, Actividad, ActiviteR – Reflexe, Respiracion, RespirationR – Reflexe, Respiracion, Respiration

Interesting RemarksInteresting Remarkssuitesuite

► Born on 7Born on 7thth

►Died on 7Died on 7thth

► Initials VA for the Initials VA for the state is also her state is also her First nameFirst name

► Played Violin and Played Violin and also created onealso created one

SourcesSources►http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Aphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Ap

gargar►http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrahttp://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebra

tes/remarkable_columbians/virginia_aptes/remarkable_columbians/virginia_apgar.htmlgar.html

►http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefahttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_12ceofmedicine/physicians/biography_12.html.html

►http://kidshealth.org/parent/newborn/fihttp://kidshealth.org/parent/newborn/first_days/apgar.htmlrst_days/apgar.html

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