vilas nikam - mechanics oof structure-column
TRANSCRIPT
A POWERPOINT PRESEMTATION ON COLUMN
PRESENTED BY Prof V N NIKAM(Lecturer)[email protected] Sandip Institute of PolytechnicNashik
6. COLUMNS
Important definitionColumn: A vertical member of a structure use to support axial compressive load called as column.
Strut:inclined structural member subjected to axial compressive load called as strut.
Buckling: The bending action of column is called as buckling.
Radius of Gyration (k):k = (I/A)k = radius of gyrationI = Moment of InertiaA = Cross sectional area of column section
Effective length of column: The length of column which deflects or bends as if it is hinged at its ends is called as effective length.
Effective length for various end condition
Classification of column
Short Column
Medium Column
Long Column
Short Column
Column fails in crushing only.
In design of short column, compressive stress are considered and bending stress are neglected.
Slenderness ratio () < 30
Medium size column
A column fails in crushing and bending both direct stresses as well as bending stresses are developed.
For medium column, 30< < 100
Long column
Long column fails only in bending or buckling.
Slenderness ratio for long column is very large.
In design of long column bending stress are considered and direct stresses are neglected.
For long column > 100
Failure of column
a) Failure by crushingShort column fails in compression only due to crushing.Let A = cross sectional area of column.
PC = crushing load c = Crushing stress PS = Safe load on column Crushing load PC = C . A
.
b) Failure by buckling or bendingBefore crushing, at a certain load column start bending called as buckling load or critical load or crippling load.It may be calculated by a) Euler's formulab) Rankine's Formula
Euler's Theory of column
Euler's theory is applicable for only long column.
He had considered bending stress only and compressive stress are completely neglected.Assumption in Euler's column theory.1. The material of column is perfectly homogenous and isotropic.2. The column is initially straight and of uniform lateral dimensions.3. The load on column is exactly axial.4. The column is long and fails due to bending or buckling only.5. The self weight of column is neglected.6. The column is stressed upto limit proportionality.
Euler's Formula
Euler's buckling load or crippling load is given by
PE = Euler's buckling load.E = Modulus of elasticity of column materialI = minimum moment of inertia of column sectionLe = Effective length of column.
Also Crushing stress
Euler's formula is applicable when > 80
Factor of safety
Factor of safety for mild steel and cast iron is taken as 3 and 5 respectively.
Safe Load
Strength of column
Load carrying capacity of column is called as strength of column. It is given by
Rankine's formula
Rankine had derived formula for long column as follows.
Where
PR = Rankine's Crippling loadLe = Effective length of columnk = Minimum radius of gyrationc or fc = Ultimate crushing stressA = Area of cross sectiona or = Rankine's constant
Value of crushing stress for and Rankine's constant for different material
SR NOMaterial
c = Crushing stress in N/mm2
A = Rankine's constant
1Timber501/750
2Wrought Iron2501/9000
3Mild steel3251/7500
4Cast Iron5501/1600
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