Year 9 History (Summer)

Post-1945 Research Project

Lesson Task to complete Evidence Deadline1 Timeline of the post-1945

worldTimeline of 20 dates complete in all books

Before next lesson: _____

2 Research Question drafted & checked with Mrs Lobo

2+ books found (3 facts recorded) 2+ websites found (3 facts

recorded)

1. Refined question written down

2. 6 facts recorded each from books and websites

Before next lesson:

___________

3 Further 8+ facts have been recorded by each member of the group

Initial ideas about how to present the project discussed

1. 14 facts recorded in each booklet in total by now

2. Presentation ideas mind-map completed

Before next lesson:

___________

4 Further research has been recorded by each member of the group

Themes (or ‘big points’) have been identified in answer to the question

1. In total, 20 facts recorded in each booklet

2. Themes identified that organise ideas

Before next lesson:

___________

5 Handout and Presentation/Model which sum up findings are completed.

1. Handout printed out for each member of the class

2. Presentation/model finished, ready to present

Before next lesson:___________

6 Date to Present Findings to the class(FINAL DEADLINE) ___________________________________________

No presentation/handout = 0

Name: ____________________________TASK : C reate a timeline of these 20 events in the period 1945-2010.

1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall - The Berlin Wall was a barrier that divided Berlin (in Germany) from 1961 to 1989. The Eastern side was held by the USSR (Russia), whilst the Western side was in America’s sphere of influence.

1965-73: Vietnam WarAmerican soldiers supported Vietnamese soldiers in the South to fight the Communists in the North. The US government was worried about the spread of communism.

1948: “Israel” becomes a Jewish stateArabs and Jews had fought over territory in Palestine for years. Both think they have a right to the land, and the fight continues to this day.

1945-51: Labour creates the ‘Welfare State’After the suffering of WWII, the Labour government focussed on supporting Britons, so they set up social security, the NHS, free education and council housing.

1984-5: The Miners' StrikeA British conflict between Thatcher’s Conservative government and the National Union of Miners, who were protesting against pit closures. It lasted a year.

1963: Martin Luther King delivers his ‘dream’ speechHe was a pivotal figure in the American Black Civil Rights movement, and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

1962: Cuban Missile Crisis - At the height of the Cold War, the USSR tried to put nuclear missiles into the Communist country of Cuba. US President Kennedy organised a naval blockade.

1969: First Man on the Moon American Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon. The landing marked the pinnacle of the space race between the USA & USSR.

2001: September 11 AttacksFour co-ordinated attacks by the terrorist group al-Qaeda on New York. The attacks killed 2,996 people (including 19 hijackers).

1965-68: Mao’s Cultural Revolution in ChinaA campaign launched by Mao to rid himself of his rivals. Mao’s young ‘red guards’ were told to attack ‘authority’, including temples and teachers.

1947: Partition of IndiaThis happened after India won independence from Britain. The northern (mainly Muslim) part of India became Pakistan, while the southern (mainly Hindu) section became the Republic of India.

2003: Invasion of IraqAmerica, supported by the UK, invaded Iraq to topple Saddam Hussein’s brutal regime. It unleashed a civil war. Order has been difficult to maintain ever since.

1950-53: Korean War 1960s: ‘Swinging’ 1982: Falklands War 1997: Hong Kong

The USSR backed Communists in the North, who were fighting soldiers supported by the USA in the South. The country has been divided ever since.

SixtiesFor a few years in the 1960s, London was the world capital of cool. A baby boom in the 1950s meant lots of young people, who revolutionised fashion and music.

After Argentina invaded the Falklands, insisting the islands belonged to them, the British chose to fight back, using 28,000 soldiers and over 100 ships.

HandoverThis ended 150 years of British rule in Hong Kong, which was given back to China. It created ‘an island of capitalism’ in the Communist state of China.

1986: Chernobyl DisasterWorld’s worst nuclear accident. A nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl power station, in Ukraine (then part of the USSR), exploded. The radioactive contamination caused huge damage.

1948: Policy of Apartheid adopted in South AfricaThese laws were designed to keep white and black people apart – e.g. not allowed to marry, and lived in separate areas of the country.

1990: Mandela released Imprisoned for opposition to apartheid in South Africa, Nelson Mandela’s release signalled change. He became President and began promoting peace between white and black people.

1968-1998: The TroublesA violent thirty-year conflict in Northern Ireland. A nationalist, republican and mostly Catholic minority wanted to break away from the United Kingdom.

History Objectives:

Forming an appropriate enquiry question based on an historical topic between 1945 and 2010

Identifying relevant information to answer this question, through effective research skills

Identifying and using contemporary sources to find information about the past, and using those sources as evidence to justify a viewpoint

Deciding how useful a contemporary source or historical interpretation is in terms of whether it is helpful in answering the enquiry question

Identifying key turning points in history, or explaining why an event took place, or identifying diversity (this is dependent upon the enquiry focus – change and continuity or causation or diversity).

Presenting the findings of an historical enquiry to a non-specialist audience.

Research Project Objectives:

Teamwork: deciding on group roles and learning about the qualities needed to be an effective team player, such as listening and helping (see the next page)

Sharing workloads: everyone does an equal amount of work. There are no ‘free-riders’ Meeting deadlines: making a note of what needs to be done, staying ‘on task’ to ensure

that the tasks are completed, managing obstacles that could prevent tasks from being achieved

Organisation skills: ensuring that notes and resources are organised effectively so that the project outcome can be reached – this includes remembering booklets, iPads, books, articles and other resources

Group Roles:

Role in the Group Student NameTeam Leader

Class Speaker

Resource Manager

7 Essential Skills for Teamwork

This list is used during the research cycle to observe how well a team is working together. Do you have all of these qualities?

1. Listening:

The students in this team listen to each other's ideas. Students "piggy-back" (or build on) each other's ideas.

2. Questioning:

The students in this team question each other. Students are involved in interacting, discussing, and posing questions to all members of the team.

3. Persuading:

The students in this team use persuasion. Students are involved in exchanging, defending, and rethinking ideas.

4. Respecting:

The students in this team respect the opinions of others. Students will be encouraging and supporting the ideas and efforts of others.

5. Helping:

The students in this team help each other. Students offer assistance to each other.

6. Sharing:

The students in this team share. They offer ideas and report their findings to each other.

7. Participating:

The students in this team participate. Each student consistently and proactively contributes to the project. There are NO free riders.

1. Forming your research question

Question Too big? Too small? Just right?

What brand of cigars did Winston Churchill smoke?What were the consequences of the Blitz for people of Bristol?Life in Nazi Germany during the WarHow many American bombers crashed in World War II?Why did America drop the atomic bomb on Japan?What was the average age of a British soldier in World War II?Guns and aeroplanes used in World War IIIs ‘Dad’s Army’ a fair description of the Home Guard in WWII?The impact of the royal family on morale in World War IIWorld War II and the World Economy

Question Type of Question?

Why was the Battle of the Somme a disaster?When was it safest to live in Britain under the Tudors?What was the most significant turning point in World War II?What were the consequences of the Blitz for people of Bristol?Why did America drop the atomic bomb on Japan?What effect did the Treaty of Versailles have on Germany?Who benefitted the most from development of the railways?

Our project:

Our Topic:

Our Draft Question:

Refined Question:

2. Locating Information

Advantages of using the library Disadvantages of using the library

Advantages of using the internet Disadvantages of using the internet

Skimming and Scanning

Recording Information: Using tables and highlighters to organise your notes

What was the impact of the Vietnam War on America?

Impact on soldiers returning home

Impact on civilians Impact on the government

Use subheadings

Research Solutions to common problems: Scenarios

Scenario Problem Advice

“I can’t remember what book I wrote that in…”

After recording 3 facts - “Oh dear, I seem to have answered my research question already”

“The Daily Mail said there’s a link between cancer and breathing”

“I’ve got all this information written by Mr Bean on U-boats”

“I found an amazing quote–but can’t remember who said it”

Library Books

Book 1:

Book 2:

Facts

Helpful websites

Don’t use Wikipedia. How do you know whether the information is accurate or not? For a change try:

www.spartacus-educational.com www.bbc.co.uk/history www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/eduation http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /

Website 1:

Website 2:

Facts

Further Research

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Further Research

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Further Research

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How will we present our findings?

My RQ:

• 540,000 troops• Air strikes• Naval support

• 90,000 guns• Engineering and maintenance • 300,000 troops

Why did the Vietnam War escalate? (Example Handout 1)

Lyndon B Johnson

Lyndon Johnson or LBJ was the 36th president of the United States. Born in Texas during August 27th 1908 , he was president from 1963-1969. He died 22nd January 1973.

America's influenceIn 1965 America truly entered the Vietnam War by greatly increasing the number of soldiers and air strikes. This was mostly due to their fear of the spread of communism and of a Cold War. In 1965 Lyndon allowed Operation Rolling Thunder a series of intense bombing attacks carried out by the U.S Navy and Air Force. Overall the U.S sent around 540,000 troops, 303,600 were wounded and 58,000 died or were missing in action. Although America did not technically lose the war the fact that they did not easily win effected America's view on war in the future. It made America and its presidents more wary of starting future wars.

The contribution of other countries

Pro-communist Anti-communist

• Troops• Medicines and doctors• Guns and weapons

Little support due to distrust• Few troops• Slight distraction to America

• 300,000 troops• Naval support • Air support

• 7,670 troops• 30 military advisors• 60,000 involved personnel

Communism is a form of socialism. It is a system where all social and economic activities are controlled by the state. This supposedly means that everyone is equal

Communism

Communism in VietnamThere were 3 main parties introduced to Vietnam the 'Indochinese Communist Party', 'Annamese Communist Party' and the 'Indochinese Communist Union'. During the 1930's the Indochinese Communist Party was almost wiped out by the French who executed key figures Phú Lê Hông Phong and Nguŷen Vân Cu. During the war elections were supposed to be held however this never happened and within 5 years Communists had launched a guerrilla war on South Vietnam.

The German Home Front (Example Handout 2)1939-1941: The war goes well for Germany

The German army swept through eastern and western Europe, meeting little resistance. The war was going well because food and riches were brought back but rationing was introduced for the first winter; however 2 in 5 Germans ate better than before the war.

1941-1943: The tides turn against Germany

The tides changed because Hitler ordered an invasion of the USSR in June 1941, which opened up a huge front on the Eastern border, leading to a 4 year battle that ‘tore the heart out of the army’. Hospital trains returned with thousands of wounded.

1943-44: The German Government began to prepare for ‘total war’

Germany’s new policy ‘total war’ meant all of the German society was geared to the war, producing arms, growing food, caring for the sick or fighting. Anything that did not contribute to the war stopped. This impacted on ordinary people because it meant professional sport ended, theatres closed, there were labour shortages, illness and huge civilian deaths. Jews and political prisoners were worked to death. Air raids on Hamburg (1943) led to a fire storm in which 30,000 people died. In 1945, in two nights, up to 150,000 people were killed in Dresden.

1944-45: Failure and defeat

By July 1944 Allied forces drove the Germans back. In 1945, in two nights, up to 150,000 people were killed in Dresden. Germany prepared for one final attempt under leadership of Goebbels to win the war. However by 1945 the government plans were in chaos May 1945 in Berlin while the city was in ruins Goebbels and all other Nazi leaders committed suicide. The war was over.

Remaining Economic Problems under the NazisOver-reliance on the re-armaments industries: Industry became too focused on rearmament. Making weapons became unpopular because weapons don’t improve all people’s standard of living instead they create ‘useless’ things (unless there is war) like tanks rather than things that can make lives better. This also meant consumer good production did not improve with the rest of the economy.

Labour shortages: As a result of the rearmament there became a severe shortage of labour on farms. Conscription into the army caused shortages of labour in the economy so women had to be brought back into work. In concentration camps Jews and political prisoners were

What was the impact of World War II on the German Home Front?

worked to death and on farms and in factories foreign prisoners of war were forced to work. By May 1944 there were seven million such people.

Working conditions: Government controls over industry got stronger and stronger so the workers had fewer rights (such as the right to strike). Officials were often open to bribery, showing that they were not loyal.

Topics Reading List[Insert Library resources here]

Group Research Question How useful is the handout?

How informative is the PPT/Model?

How much do the pupils know?

How well have they communicated the content?

Total Score /20

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Peer Assessment: Group project on the post-1945 world